促食物质和阻食物质相互作用对家蚕摄食性的影响

以 4龄起蚕取食饲料一定时间后的排粪量为指标 ,探讨了促食性物质和阻食性物质对家蚕摄食性的影响。结果表明 ,将桑叶粉、蔗糖、肌醇等促食物质同时添加到饲料中 ,对家蚕的取食有协同促进作用。脱脂大豆粉、柠檬酸等摄食抑制物质的阻食作用也具有累加性。而将促食物质和阻食物质混合添加时 ,二者表现为相互抑制效应。添加促食剂是减弱或消除阻食性物质的摄食抑制作用的有效途径。     

Water Use and Seed Yield of Horsegram Under Different Moisture Regimes and Mulches in Semi-Arid Region of Eastern India

In a two years field study on effect of irrigation at vegetative and flowering stages occurring at 40 and 60 days after sowing, respectively alongwith straw mulch ca. 5 t/ha were found to have beneficial effect on growth, yield attributes and seed yield of horsegram ( Dolichos biflorus Roxb.). Application of mulches significantly increased pods/plants, seeds/pod, test weight and seed yield and maintained better soil moisture during crop growth in semi-arid lateritic region of Indian sub-tropics. Mulches proved useful to conserve more moisture in soil profile and thereby increased the water use efficiency of the crop; straw mulch was found superior to leaf mulch.     

Tillage and mulch effects on soil physical environment, root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of maize and wheat on an Alfisol in north-west India

Field experiments were conducted for 6 years on a silty clay loam to study the effect of soil management on soil physical properties, root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a sequence. Treatments were: no-tillage (NT), NT+pine needle mulch at a rate of 10 t ha⁻¹ (NT+M), conventional tillage (CT), CT+pine needle mulch at a rate of 10 t ha⁻¹ (CT+M) and deep tillage (DT). The soil is classified as a Typic Hapludalf and has compact sub-surface layers. The NT treatment increased the bulk density of the surface layer but this problem was not observed in the no-tilled treatment having mulch at the surface (NT+M). The CT+M and NT+M treatments favourably moderated the hydro-theregime resulting in greater root growth, nutrient uptake and grain yields of maize and wheat. The DT treatment, imposed only once, at the beginning of the study, also enhanced root growth and grain yields. The yields were similar to the mulched treatments for maize and somewhat less than the mulched treatments for wheat. Mulched treatments generally showed significantly greater total uptake of N, P and K than corresponding unmulched ones. Since NT+M was comparable to CT for maize and superior for wheat, the latter is preferable since it does not require ellaborate tillage.     

饲用型玉米陕单8806高产栽培密度研究

通过对饲用型玉米陕单8806进行37500、48000、58500和69000株/hm2等4个密度试验,结果表明:陕单8806的适宜栽培密度为63000株/hm2左右,其吐丝期的合理叶面积指数为5.8左右,该密度下陕单8806拔节至成熟的物质净同化率可达14.3g/(d·m2)左右。     

海南坡鹿食性的研究

海南坡鹿是珍贵的热带鹿种,属国家一级保护动物。我们于1985—1988年间在海南省大田自然保护区对其食性进行了常年性的野外观察研究。发现海南坡鹿是广食性的草食动物,以各种草本为主要食物,对木本食物也是不可缺少的,但选择性较强,尤其喜食植物的幼嫩部份及某些花果,同其他鹿类一样,也有喜欢舔食盐碱土(或人工盐土)的习性。本文就海南的坡鹿觅食行为、择食特性及大田自然保护区主要植物的适口性等进行了研究与评价。     

苎麻叶饲用效果及苎麻叶配制浓缩饲料的研究

苎麻叶按干物质计算含蛋白质在20%以上,可作各类畜禽的饲料,用鲜、干苎麻叶进行兔、鸡、猪的饲养试验表明,用鲜叶喂肉兔,其增重效果和饲料报酬优于牛皮菜和蕹菜;用占日粮4%和8%以上的苎麻叶干粉饲喂肉鸡和蛋鸡,对增重、性成熟和产蛋等均无不良影响;生长肥育猪的日粮中加入15%的苎麻叶粉,平均日增重和饲料消耗与对照组相近,用苎麻叶粉配制浓缩饲料喂生长肥育猪,平均日增重可达617～626 g,材肉比为3.27:1和3.48:1,优于普通配合饲料。     

湘南红壤区三种土壤水热状况的研究

 对同一地形和同一气候条件下湘南三种典型红壤的水热状况及它们的持水和渗透性质进行了研究。这三种土壤是：花岗岩母质发育的红壤、第四纪红土发育的红壤和紫色土。试验结果表明：第四纪红土发育的红壤持水性好，团聚度高，整个土体水分含量高，然而水分有效性低，渗透性好；花岗岩母质红壤则相反；紫色土则由于含有较多的块状物，因此渗透性也比较好。三种土壤的热量状况有很大的区别，紫色土在整个测定期间始终保持着较高的温度，而且温度的变幅大，花岗岩母质红壤的土体温度是三种土壤中最低的。植被影响土壤的水热状况，而水热状况又反过来影响作物的生长。     

闽南黄牛生长肥育期营养需要的研究──验证我国肉牛饲养标准

为了验证我国肉牛生长肥育期饲养标准．选用９头１４－１６月龄闽南黄公牛进行３组不同营养水平的饲养试验、消化代谢试验．３组日粮均按照我国肉牛饲养标准生长肥育期１５０－１７５ｋｇ体重范围．预期日增重分别为６００ｇ、８００ｇ、１０００ｇ水平配合．以氨化稻草、青贮蔗尾作为基础日粮．适当补充不同水平的精料。Ⅰ组为１．６５ｋｇ，Ⅱ组为２．１５ｋｇ，Ⅲ组为２．６５ｋｇ．结果表明，随着营养水平的提高，日增重也随着提高．３组日增重水平分别为５７７±５８．４、７４４±８４．５、９４９±６２．１ｇ．与饲养标准要求差异均不显著．说明我国肉牛饲养标准同样适用于南方小型黄牛．日粮精粗料比例在３２：６８，３８：６２，４３：５７之间的３组牛主要营养物质的消化率没有明显差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）．氮平衡结果均为正平衡．食入氮与沉积氮之间具有强的正相关（ｒ＝０．９８７３，ｙ＝０．４ｘ－１５）．饲料报酬与经济效益比较均以第Ⅲ组（平均日增重９４９±６．４ｇ）最佳．在试验前后血液生化指标均处于正常范围值．     

Habitat and food choice of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) in China: Implications for conservation

Knowledge of habitat and feeding ecology is essential for developing an effective conservation management plan for threatened primates. Despite having been rediscovered nearly a decade ago, very little is known of the critically endangered cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) or its habitat. We analysed forest cover, made direct observations and conducted interviews of local elders to better understand forest changes and to determine the forest characters and species important to the survival of the gibbon. Interviews indicated human-induced forest resource exploitation focused on species-specific and larger trees most easily accessed. Gibbon forest habitat comprised four primary forest types. The mean canopy height over the whole site was 10.52 m. Gibbons consumed 81, or nearly half of the tree and liana species recorded in the site; however, only 19 species provide 77.8% of the diet. Six of the 19 food species were logged for different reasons throughout the history of the site. We conclude that effective conservation management of primates with highly limited distributions, focused dietary needs, and in degraded ecosystems will require active forest restoration, such as planting important food species in degraded sites.     

流体性质对刮膜式分子蒸馏器上液膜形态的影响

利用高速摄像机对刮膜式分子蒸馏器壁面上的液膜形态进行了研究,实验发现随着进料率和转速的增加,不同物料在蒸发壁面上主要存在4种流动形态：液滴状、股状、不连续液膜和连续均匀液膜,同时测得水、乙醇、质量分数为12%乙二醇溶液、质量分数为50%乙二醇溶液和质量分数为50%丙三醇溶液在不同转速下出现连续均匀薄膜的临界流率。利用高斯过程进行数据预测表明：在一定转速下,临界流率随表面张力的增大而增大,随粘度的增大而减小。