酒精糟饲料化处理综合配套技术及工艺研究

简要介绍了酒精糟饲料化处理的工艺技术。该技术工艺简单，加工成本低。采用本工艺处理酒精糟，不仅解决了环境污染问题，而且开发了新的饲料资源，具有显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点及在蛋鸡饲料中的应用试验

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点是(1)可消化蛋白含量高,各种必需的氨基酸丰富平衡;(2)含有较为丰富的B族维生素和多种消化酶,由于采用的烘干温度较低,表现出较好的生物活性;(3)含有能够在动物体内促进酶活性的微量元素。饲养试验中,以FH生物活性饲料酵母与目前国内推广的几种蛋白源组合成五组饲料,将蛋鸡分五组进行对比试验。试验结果表明:FH组的产蛋率、产蛋量、饲料报酬及经济效益均高于对照组,是一种较为理想的蛋白源和生物添加剂。     

Effect of magnesium sulphate and l-tryptophan and genotype on the feed intake, behaviour and meat quality of pigs

Sixty-nine entire male pigs with different halothane genotype (homozygous halothane positive — nn-, n = 36; and homozygous halothane negative — NN-, n = 33) were fed with a supplementation of magnesium sulphate (Mg) and/or l-tryptophan (Trp) in the diet for 5 days before slaughter. Animals were housed individually and were submitted to stressful ante mortem conditions (mixed in the lorry according to treatments and transported 1 h on rough roads). Individual feed intake was recorded during the 5-d treatment. At the abattoir, pig behaviour was assessed in the raceway to the stunning system and during the stunning period by exposure to CO₂. Muscle pH, colour, water holding capacity, texture and cathepsin activities were determined to assess meat quality. The number of pigs with an individual feed intake lower than 2 kg/day was significantly different among diets (P < 0.05; Control: 8.7%; Mg&Trp: 43.5%; Trp: 17.4%) and they were considered to have inadequate supplement intake. During the ante mortem period, 15.2% of pigs included in the experiment died, and this percentage decreased to 8.7% in those pigs with a feed intake > 2 kg/day, all of them from the stress-sensitive pigs (nn). In general, no differences were observed in the behaviour of pigs along the corridor leading to the stunning system and inside the CO₂ stunning system. During the stunning procedure, Trp diet showed shorter periods of muscular excitation than control and Mg&Trp diets. The combination of a stressful ante mortem treatment and Mg&Trp supplementation led to carcasses with high incidence of severe skin lesions. Different meat quality results were found when considering all pigs or considering only those with adequate supplement intake. In this later case, Trp increased pH₄₅ (6.15) vs Control diet (5.96) in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle (P < 0.05) and pH at 24 h (Trp: 5.59 vs C: 5.47) led to a higher incidence of dark, firm and exudative (DFD) traits in SM muscle (P < 0.05). Genotype affected negatively all the meat quality traits. Seventy-five percent of LT and 60.0% of the SM muscles from nn pigs were classified as pale, soft and exudative (PSE), while none of the NN pigs showed these traits (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found between genotypes on the incidence of DFD meat.Due to the negative effects observed in the Mg&Trp group in feed intake and carcass quality, the utilization of a mixture of magnesium sulphate and tryptophan is not recommended.     

中药成分对雏鸡外周血T淋巴细胞转化的影响

38 0只雏鸡随机分为 19组 ,于 11日龄试验组分别肌肉注射高、低剂量的当归多糖、黄芪多糖、板蓝根多糖、淫羊藿多糖、蜂胶多糖、淫羊藿黄酮、蜂胶黄酮、黄芪皂甙和人参皂甙等 9种中药成分 ,对照组注射同量生理盐水 ,每天 1次 ,连续 3d,于 14日龄用新城疫 系弱毒疫苗首免 ,2 8日龄二免。分别于 35、4 2、4 9和 5 6日龄心脏采血 ,监测 T淋巴细胞转化的动态变化。结果表明 ,所有中药成分均能显著促进 T淋巴细胞转化 ,并有一定的量效和时效关系     

饲用酶制剂作用机制的研究进展

分别从饲用酶制剂对畜禽日粮中抗营养因子，消化道内源酶活，微生物菌群，消化器官，外周血液激素水平以及畜禽机体免疫机能等方面的影响，对其改善畜禽生产性能的作用机制进行了探讨，饲用酶主要是通过消除抗营养因子（SNSP，消化酶抑制剂，细胞壁和植酸）和补充内源酶等方式提高日粮养分消化率，并减少有害微生物的过度繁殖，进而改善畜禽生产性能。     

基于空间差异的新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分分析

为研究空间分布差异性对新疆沙棘资源果实品质及营养成分的影响。以5个县的‘深秋红’‘无刺丰’‘状圆黄’沙棘品种为供试样本,并对供试样本的可溶性固形物、蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、总酸、维生素C、微量元素、总黄酮、脂肪酸、花青素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素含量测定,后进行主成分分析并计算综合得分。13个供试沙棘样品果实中各营养及药用成分均存在不同程度的差异性。青河县沙棘果实综合测试指标比布尔津县综合高出0.93～5.54倍,比哈巴河县综合高出0.90～4.49倍,比乌什县综合高出0.99～13.67倍,比阿合奇县综合高出1.10～4.98倍。青河县沙棘品种‘状圆黄’果实各项品质指标表现最优,综合得分为6.04分;且青河县沙棘资源整体综合得分最高,平均为3.54分。青河县更适宜沙棘的生长发育,种植的沙棘果实品质更为优异,13个供试沙棘样品中青河县‘状圆黄’果实品质最佳。     

铁、锌配施对藿香生长、产量及有效成分的影响

为探究铁、锌不同浓度配施对藿香生长、产量及有效成分的影响,以藿香为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,研究铁锌配施对藿香生长、产量、各部位铁锌分配及挥发油含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施铁锌肥能显著影响藿香的生长发育、产量和挥发油成分,显著影响藿香的抗氧化酶活性,显著提高淀粉、还原糖、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,通过影响氮代谢相关酶活性间接影响植株氮代谢过程。叶面施铁对藿香产量的影响大于叶面施锌,铁锌配施的增产效果优于单独施用铁、锌肥;综合考虑藿香的生长和产量指标,认为Fe₁Zn₁(0.2%铁,0.1%锌)为铁锌配施的最优处理组合。施用锌铁肥能够增加藿香各部位的铁锌含量,锌在不同部位的含量呈叶>根>茎的变化趋势,铁在不同部位的含量呈根>叶>茎的变化趋势,锌主要集中在藿香叶片,而铁则主要集中在藿香根部。高浓度的叶面施铁有助于叶片Ca含量的累积。铁锌配施能显著提高藿香挥发油含量,并影响挥发油成分,其中D-柠檬烯含量最高,在Fe₁Zn₂处理时达到最大值(22.99%)。综上,合理配施铁锌肥能提高藿香主要化学成分的含量,但过高浓度的施用增产效果并不明显。本研究结果为铁锌肥在藿香生产中的应用提供了理论依据。     

籽粒苋的应用研究进展

对近10年国内外籽粒苋在饲料、食品、功能性食品和药品等方面的应用进行了归纳总结,发现目前对于籽粒苋的应用主要集中在饲料、食品的粗加工方面,其食用价值基本未开发,应加大籽粒苋在功能性和食品方面的应用,使其作为新型的食品资源加以开发利用。     

苎麻叶饲用效果及苎麻叶配制浓缩饲料的研究

苎麻叶按干物质计算含蛋白质在20%以上,可作各类畜禽的饲料,用鲜、干苎麻叶进行兔、鸡、猪的饲养试验表明,用鲜叶喂肉兔,其增重效果和饲料报酬优于牛皮菜和蕹菜;用占日粮4%和8%以上的苎麻叶干粉饲喂肉鸡和蛋鸡,对增重、性成熟和产蛋等均无不良影响;生长肥育猪的日粮中加入15%的苎麻叶粉,平均日增重和饲料消耗与对照组相近,用苎麻叶粉配制浓缩饲料喂生长肥育猪,平均日增重可达617～626 g,材肉比为3.27:1和3.48:1,优于普通配合饲料。     

三种不同添加剂对肉鸡增重效益的试验

禽肉多添加剂，碳酸氢钠，天然沸石，作为鸡的饲料添加剂，做对比试验，试验结果表明，三个试验组比对照组平均每只鸡的增重情况，１组多增重３０６．９克，２组多地重２８５９克，３组多增重２４０．６克。提高饲料报酬分国１５．２％，１２．９％，１１．７％，试验组增加经济效益分别为４１．３８元，３８．２２元３１．４３元。