四川农村养猪日粮及平衡饲养技术初探

在四川养猪主产地的不同地理生态区选点,深入农户广泛开展农村养猪常用饲料及日粮调研,采集饲料样品92个,分析测定铁、铜、猛、锌、钴、碘和硒的含量,将四川农村养猪日粮总结划分为:(1)玉米、青料日粮;(2)甘薯、青料日粮;(3)玉米、小麦、青料日粮;(4)玉米、大麦、青料日粮。并对各日粮的营养含量作了概算和评定。在此基础上,提出适合四川农村养猪日粮的添加剂预混料和浓缩料配制建议以及浓缩料主要营养指标推荐值。依此,开展了4种日粮的6批44组347头肉猪的饲养试验。从中优选出一批饲料配方,已在11个地市的40余家厂试产,省内外广大农村养猪中应用,有效地促进了饲料工业和农村养猪生产的发展。研制的甘薯青料日粮及平衡饲养技术,已列专题在省内大面积推广应用。经济效益和社会效益十分显著。     

Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer

Forty Landrace × Large White lactating sows were used to evaluate the effects of cooling of the floor when maintained under high temperature conditions during summer on their productive and reproductive performance. The sows were allocated in a completely randomized design with two treatments with 20 replicates according to parity number and body weight, with each animal being considered an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of cooling of the floor under the sow with water circulation at about 17 °C and no cooling. The resulting temperatures of the floor were 27.6 and 35.8 °C for the cooled and the control treatments, respectively. The sows from both treatments were exposed to average maximum and minimum environmental temperatures of 26.9 and 20.8 °C, respectively. Sows maintained on a cooled floor had a higher feed intake (6.47 vs. 5.61 kg/day; P < 0.01). Despite this higher intake, sows maintained on a cooled floor had higher body weight and body protein losses during the lactation period (P < 0.01) in connection with a higher milk yield and subsequent growth of the litter (2280 vs. 1798 g/day; P < 0.01). There was an effect of treatment on rectal temperature, surface temperatures and respiratory rate (P < 0.01) with lower values in sows submitted to floor cooling. It is concluded that floor cooling under the lactating sow improves its productive and reproductive performance, as well as the performance of its litter.     

微生物在秸秆饲料中的应用

大力开发秸秆资源、发展秸秆饲料是高效发展畜牧业的良好前景，但许多加工秸秆的方法不能有效地解决秸秆消化率低和可利用营养物少的问题。本文推荐3种利用微生物处理农作物秸秆的方法，事实证明饲喂效果非常理想，据此提出了未来微生物处理秸秆的主攻方向。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中三聚氰胺

采用高效液相色谱法测定饲料中三聚氰胺含量。色谱柱为Waters Xterra柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈:10mmol/L辛烷磺酸钠-柠檬酸缓冲液(10∶90,V∶V),检测波长为240nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量20μL,保留时间约6.23min。三聚氰胺在1.0～50μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.99996),在添加浓度为20～100mg/kg范围内,三聚氰胺添加回收率在90%～95%,RSD小于5%。     

旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量

本文采用旋光法测定硫酸新霉素(饲料级)含量,结果表明,硫酸新霉素浓度为1500～15000U/mL时,浓度与旋光度呈良好线性关系,相关系数r=0.9996(n=6)。与微生物法相比,旋光法具有简便、快速、易操作等优点。     

Intermittent suckling improves post-weaning feed uptake but does not change functional gut characteristics of piglets

Suckling pigs were separated from their dam for 24 h on day 21 (1 × 24 h fasting, n = 10) or day 21 and 24 (2 × 24 h fasting, n = 10). Pigs in the control group (n = 10) were not fasted before weaning. All pigs were weaned on day 28 postpartum. Feed intake during the first 4 days post-weaning was higher (P < 0.05) for pigs exposed to 1 × 24 h fasting compared with controls. Water consumption was not affected by fasting prior to weaning. The difference in post-weaning feed uptake was not reflected in any clinical traits, intestinal morphology, or activity of digestive enzymes (maltase, dipeptidylpeptidase IV, aminopeptidases A and N; P > 0.15). In conclusion, a short period of fasting prior to weaning can increase post-weaning feed uptake, although this had no clinical impact under the present experimental conditions.     

禽类采食量生理调节因子的研究进展

采食量是影响禽类生长最重要的因素之一。认识采食量的调节规律和机制,旨在更有效地调节家禽的采食量,为生产实践提供重要指导。禽类采食量的生理调节机制十分复杂,涉及许多神经通路和体液因子的调节。本文将重点介绍采食量生理调节因子。     

饲用莫能菌素的研究进展

莫能菌素是聚醚类离子载体抗生素,是目前欧盟唯一允许使用的抗生素饲料添加剂。本文通过其作用机理、畜禽生产中的添加效果及使用剂量等方面的综合论述,证明了在畜禽生产中饲用莫能菌素的可行性,并为其今后的广泛应用做了研究展望。     

我国气候因素的变化对奶牛生产的影响

在分析我国气候因素变化的基础上,着重阐述了气候因子对我国奶牛采食,饲料利用率,产奶量和乳成分,奶牛的繁殖力,日增重及发病率等生产性能的影响。结果表明,高温高湿是奶牛生产的主要环境因子。作者不提出了控制奶牛环境的若干措施。     

獭兔日粮中添加酶制剂的效果

以９０只生长獭兔为试验动物,研究日粮中添加酸性蛋白酶（Ｐ）和纤维素酶（Ｃ）对日增重、屠宰性能、产品品质的影响,并对经济效益进行分析。结果表明：日粮中添加０．７５％和１．５％的纤维素酶后日增重分别比对照组提高１６．８８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和２０．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;添加０．７５％Ｐ＋０．７５％Ｃ和０．７５％Ｐ＋１．５％Ｃ后日增重分别比对照组提高１７．６２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和２２．８２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;各试验组间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;单独添加纤维素酶和同时添加两种酶制剂,对屠宰性能、产品质量无明显影响（Ｐ０．０５）;经济效益以添加０．７５％Ｐ＋１．５％Ｃ为最好,每千克增重较对照组降低成本１．６８元。