不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308肉鸡3 600只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复300只,公、母各半。1～7 d,各处理组肉鸡饲喂相同日粮(豆油水平相同);7 d后日粮分别添加相同水平(中期3%和后期5%)的豆油、鸭油、棕榈油、米糠油。试验期37 d。结果表明:各处理组肉鸡各阶段及全期生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05);与豆油组相比,其他油脂有升高全期肉鸡耗料增重比和胸肌率的趋势(P<0.1);各处理组肉鸡胴体出成率无显著差异(P>0.05),但棕榈油组肉鸡胴体出成率最高,腹脂率最低;豆油组鸡胸肌离心损失最大,米糠油组胸肌滴水损失最大,肉品质较差;棕榈油组硫代巴比妥酸值和剪切力最小,且胸肌亮度和黄度较低,肉品质较好。综上所述,日粮中使用豆油有利于改善肉鸡生长性能,使用棕榈油能够提高胴体出成率和胸肌率,降低腹脂沉积,对肉品质有一定的改善作用。     

羔羊代乳粉研究进展及其在肥羔生产中的应用前景

文章从羔羊代乳粉的研究进展及其在羔羊早期断奶中的应用等几个方面进行了阐述,分析了肥羔生产的产业优势及产业现状,认为羔羊代乳粉是肥羔规模化、工厂化、产业化生产的主要技术条件,应用前景广泛.     

从《我的盛大希腊婚礼》看文化的移入

《我的盛大希腊婚礼》生动地展示了文化移入现象，主要表现在：语言与宗教的移入，民族传统观念的移入，个人主义和集体主义观的移人等。影片结尾暗示，两种文化无论差异如何巨大，文化的移人和交流、融合都是必然趋势。     

Poultry fat decreased fatty acid transporter protein mRNA expression and affected fatty acid composition in chickens

Background: A study was undertaken to examine the effects of poultry fat (PF) compared with those of soybean oil (SBO) on intestinal development, fatty acid transporter protein (FATP) mRNA expression, and fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A total of 144 day-old male commercial broilers were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups (6 replicates of 12 chicks for each treatment) and fed isocaloric diets containing 3.0% PF or 2.7% SBO at 0 to 3 wk and 3.8% PF or 3.5% SBO at 4 to 6 wk, respectively. Results: PF had no influence on intestinal morphology, weight, or DNA, RNA, or protein concentrations at 2, 4, and 6 wk of age. However, compared with SBO, PF significantly decreased FATP mRNA abundance at 4 wk (P=0.009) and 6 wk of age (P<0.001); decreased liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) mRNA abundance at 6 wk of age (P=0.039); and decreased C18:2 (P=0.015), C18:3 (P<0.001), C20:2 (P=0.018), Σ-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σ-PUFA) (P = 0.020), and the proportion of PUFA (P<0.001) in the intestinal mucosa and decreased C18:2 (P=0.010), C18:3 (P<0.001), C20:2 (P<0.001), Σ-PUFA (P=0.005), and the proportion of PUFA (P<0.001) in breast muscle at 6 wk of age. Conclusions: PF decreases FATP and L-FABP mRNA expression and decreased the proportion of PUFA in the intestinal mucosa and breast muscle.     

奶牛瘤胃保护性脂肪研究进展

目前,能量摄入不足是生产中限制高产奶牛生产性能发挥的一个重要因素,而处于泌乳盛期的奶牛更是如此。利用过瘤胃脂肪解决奶牛泌乳期日粮能量问题是近些年发展起来的一项新技术。本文就过瘤胃脂肪的类型和原理、对奶牛生产性能的影响等方面作一概述,为科学使用过瘤胃脂肪调控奶牛能量需要提供参考依据。     

Cuticular penetration of β-cypermethrin in insecticide-susceptible and resistant strains of Bactrocera dorsalis

Semi-thin sectioning and transmission electron microscope techniques were employed to investigate the cuticle thickness, integument structure, and fat body of larvae from susceptible and resistant strains of Bactrocera dorsalis. The results showed that the cuticle of β-cypermethrin-resistant strains (25.96 ± 1.00 μm) was thicker than that of susceptible strains (19.36 ± 0.82 μm). The number of chitin layers in the endocuticle of β-cypermethrin-resistant strains (98.00 ± 3.61 layers) was more than that in susceptible strains (75.67 ± 2.40 layers). Compared with susceptible strains, the laminated structure of the chitin layers in the endocuticle of resistant strains revealed higher density and more distinctive structure, and the interspace of epidermal cells was thicker. Fat body in the resistant insects contained more fat granules than those in susceptible insects. Moreover, HPLC analysis showed that the cuticular penetration of β-cypermethrin into larvae of resistant strains was slower than that of susceptible strains. In addition, the metabolism of β-cypermethrin in resistant strains was faster than that in susceptible strains, indicating that the resistant strains could enhance detoxification metabolism. These results indicated that cuticle thickness, fat body, laminated structure of the chitin layers, and interspace of epidermal cells might be correlated with cuticular penetration between susceptible and resistant strains, suggesting that the resistant strains could decrease the rate of penetration of insecticide into the internal cavity.     

公犊肉加工腊肠试验

本试验在对初生公犊肉质研究的基础上，针对其肉色浅、水分含量高、系水率低、脂肪含量低等缺点，设计相应的配方和改进加工工艺，试制出符合国家标准的腊肠，探索尽可能提高公犊肉和猪肥膘利用率的可行途径。     

The effects of short-term recombinant bovine somatotropin treatment on fattening performance,carcass composition and visceral organ weights in karayaka lambs in Turkey

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) was administered s.c. to lambs for 6 weeks to evaluate its effects on fattening performance, carcass composition and visceral organ weights. Twenty male Karayaka lambs were injected with 250 mg bST every two weeks. Body weight, live weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate were not affected by treatment. Head, feet, skin, liver, spleen, kidneys, filled and empty gastrointestinal tract, penis, testis, pelvic fat and internal fat weights were similar for the two groups. Lung weight increased by 17.4% (P < 0.01) and weight of heart decreased 22.7% (P < 0.05) in bST treated lambs. The only carcass characteristics that were affected by bST administration were limb muscle which increased from 1331 g to 1417 g (P < 0.05), loin fat which decreased from 275 g to 174 g (P < 0.01), shoulder fat which decreased from 26 g to 13 g (P < 0.01) and total fat/final weight percentage which decreased from 9.8% to 7.6% (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that prolonged release formulation of bST treatment reduces fat tissue, but does not significantly affect fattening performance or weights of visceral organs, muscle and bone.