黑龙江省大豆推广品种脂肪、蛋白质含量地理分布的研究

系统地分析了黑龙江省1951－2000年50年200个育成大豆品种的脂肪、蛋白质含量结果表明，脂肪含量最高的是60年代和70年代，分别为21.67%和21.20%，最小为90年代为20.03%。200个品种平均脂肪含量为20.74%，蛋白质含量平均为40.25%。进一步分析1951－2000年不同生态区育成的172个品种认为，脂肪、蛋白质含量有明显地理分布现象。西部干旱区为高脂肪区，北部高寒区为低脂肪区；高蛋白质区在南部黑土区和东部低湿区，低蛋白区在西部干旱区。这种明显的地理分布现象为大豆优质品种的区域化种植和专业化生产提供了依据。     

不同生育期大豆品种蛋白质、脂肪积累的变化规律及其与品质的关系

研究了早晚熟品种不同时期大豆种子中蛋白质、脂肪以及粒重积累的动态变化规律。结果表明，在整个积累过程中，蛋白质、脂肪和粒重都存在剧增期，而且品种不同剧增期也不同。一般情况下，蛋白质、脂肪和粒重的剧增期都在开花后20～50d。     

胶陀螺营养成分分析

测定了胶陀螺的营养成分，结果为总糖17．7％，脂肪2．1％，蛋白质10．93％；氨基酸总量6．84％，其中必需氨基酸为45．62％，其它氨基酸为54．38％；主要无机元素钙3．87，镁1．1012，铁0．324，磷3．67，锌0．003（单位：g/g)；挥发油的平均收率为0．07％，经鉴定主要成分为邻苯二甲酸丁辛酯，棕榈酸，亚油酸、油酸、环戊烷基十一烷酸。     

Genetic correlations between ewe reproduction and carcass and meat quality traits in Merino sheep

Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in ewes and carcass and meat quality traits in Merino rams were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The carcass data were from 5870 Merino rams slaughtered at approximately 18 months of age that were the progeny of 543 sires from three research resource flocks over 7 years. The carcass traits included ultrasound scan fat and eye muscle depth (EMDUS) measured on live animals, dressing percentage and carcass tissue depth (at the GR site FATGR and C site FATC), eye muscle depth, width and area and the meat quality indicator traits of muscle final pH and colour (L*, a*, b*). The reproduction data consisted of 13 464 ewe joining records for number of lambs born and weaned and 9015 records for LS. The genetic correlations between reproduction and fat measurements were negative (range ?0.06 ± 0.12 to ?0.37 ± 0.12), with smaller correlations for live measurement than carcass traits. There were small favourable genetic correlations between reproduction traits and muscle depth in live rams (EMDUS, 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.20 ± 0.12), although those with carcass muscle traits were close to zero. The reproduction traits were independent of meat colour L* (relative brightness), but tended to be favourably correlated with meat colour a* (relative redness, 0.12 ± 0.17 to 0.19 ± 0.16). There was a tendency for meat final pH to have small negative favourable genetic correlations with reproduction traits (0.05 ± 0.11 to ?0.17 ± 0.12). This study indicates that there is no antagonism between reproduction traits and carcass and meat quality indicator traits, with scope for joint improvement of reproduction, carcass and meat quality traits in Merino sheep.     

Carcass dissection and commercial meat yield in Piemontese and Belgian Blue double-muscled young bulls

To study the differences in meat yield in hypertrophied cattle, a commercial dissection trial was carried out on 48 carcasses obtained from 24 Piemontese (P: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, P-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, P-L), and 24 Belgian Blue (B: 12 reared with a restricted feeding, BB-R, and 12 fed ad libitum, BB-L) young bulls. The animals were reared under the same environmental condition and slaughtered at the same age and fattening degree. During commercial dissection, the weights of the retail cuts were recorded. Three fore-quarter meat cuts were heavier in P than in BB, while nine meat cuts (two from fore-quarter and seven from hind-quarter), hind-quarter meat and prime quality meat were heavier in BB than in P. Fat weight was higher in BB than in P, whereas meat production as a percentage of carcass side weight was higher in P than in BB. Only one hind-quarter meat cut was heavier in the ad libitum (L) than in the restricted (R) group, whereas meat yield was higher in R than in L. In comparing the meat yield in carcass sides of P-R, P-L, BB-R and BB-L fed young bulls, four meat cuts (one from fore-quarter and three from hind-quarter), hind-quarter, prime quality and 3rd quality meat were heavier in BB-L (P ≤ 0.05), while one shoulder cut and fore-quarter were heavier in P-R group.     

Linseed oil supplementation in diet for horses: Effects on palatability and digestibility

Feed palatability and in vivo apparent digestibility of nutrients were compared in horses fed concentrates in which barley was, or not, partially substituted by 8% linseed oil. According to a cross-over design, three geldings and one stallion were fed at near maintenance level hay plus low or high fat diet (50/50). The last days of each 3-months sub-periods, partial faeces collections were performed and concentrate intake rate was measured to estimate the digestibility and the palatability of the diet. The inclusion of linseed oil did not affect the palatability of the diet and increased significantly (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of DM (66.5 vs 64.1%), CF (83.7 vs 57.3%) and NDF (53.0 vs 50.7%) but not of CP and ADF.     

酶解菠萝蜜种子淀粉制备油脂模拟品的研究

以菠萝蜜种子淀粉为原料制备油脂模拟品,在单因素的基础上,采用响应面方法优化菠萝蜜种子淀粉油脂模拟品的制备工艺。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为：淀粉浓度为15.11％,酶用量为0.14％,酶解时间为17.10  min,酶解温度为50.10  ℃,在此工艺条件下制备的油脂模拟品的DE值为4.38;并确定了该油脂模拟品的糊化温度为80 ℃和糊化时间为10 min。     

去势对淮南猪皮下脂肪PPAR信号通路基因表达量的影响

为了研究PPAR信号通路在猪去势诱导的脂肪沉积中的作用,采集去势和非去势淮南猪(共6头,每组各3头)的皮下脂肪组织,提取总RNA后构建文库,利用高通量测序技术检测PPAR通路相关基因表达量,表达差异基因的筛选阈值为P0.05且|log2差异倍数|1。基于mRNA的差异分析以及KEGG富集分析发现,PPAR信号通路中17个基因表达差异达到显著水平,其中14个基因表达量上调、3个基因表达量下调。脑型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因(FABP7)、甘油水孔蛋白基因(AQP7)、视黄素X受体γ基因(RXRγ)等基因上调,而磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶1基因(PCK1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1α基因(PPARGC1α)、胆固醇7α-羟化酶1基因(CYP7A1)参与分解代谢的基因显著下调。     

ssc-miR-486靶基因预测及生物信息学分析

通过对ssc-miR-486进行靶基因预测及生物信息学分析,以探索其影响猪脂肪沉积的作用机制。首先利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对脂肪沉积能力相差较大的莱芜猪和大白猪皮下脂肪组织中ssc-miR-486表达情况进行比较研究,然后利用miRBase、Ensembl、NCBI等数据库及miRanda、PITA、RNAhybrid、Cytoscape、JASPAR、Promoter Scan等软件对ssc-miR-486进行生物信息学分析,包括保守性分析、转录因子结合位点预测、靶基因预测、GO富集分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析。结果表明,ssc-miR-486在脂肪沉积能力较强的莱芜猪皮下脂肪组织中发生显著上调。生物信息学分析结果发现,miR-486在各物种间非常保守,ssc-miR-486启动子区域有SREBP1、SREBP2等多个转录因子结合位点,获得的229个靶基因显著富集于脂质代谢、脂质生物合成、细胞代谢等生物学过程及类固醇生物合成、磷脂肌醇代谢、PPAR等信号转导通路中。结果表明,ssc-miR-486参与了猪脂肪沉积或脂肪代谢的调控,为今后研究脂肪沉积提供基础理论支撑。     

花生脂肪及脂肪酸含量的遗传分析(英文)

[目的]探讨花生脂肪及脂肪酸含量的遗传机制。[方法]以包含有215个家系的重组自交系群体(F9)及其亲本郑8903、豫花4号为材料,采用主基因加多基因混合遗传模型,分析了花生脂肪及脂肪酸组分含量的遗传机制。[结果]脂肪的遗传受2对连锁互补的主基因加多基因控制,主基因遗传率为22.88%。油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸的遗传受两对主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为75.11%,75.00%和60.95%。硬脂肪、花生酸的遗传受两对主基因加多基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为26.43%和33.17%。油亚比、山嵛酸的遗传受三对主基因控制,主基因遗传率分别为70.65%和30.70%。[结论]在花生育种中,提高脂肪含量要注重多基因的积累,改善油酸、亚油酸等脂肪酸品质可着重于主基因的利用。