Reproductive performance of seasonal ewes and does fed dry fat during their postpartum period

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding a dry fat source to seasonal ewes and does on their postpartum reproductive performance. Forty five multiparous Awassi ewes (LW = 60.1 ± 3.2 kg) and 45 Shami does (LW = 49.6 ± 2.4 kg) were randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatments (n = 15/spp) for 60 days postpartum in a completely randomized design (CRD) set. Females were housed with their offsprings and fed one of three isonitrogenous total mixed rations (TMR) containing 0, 3, or 5% of dry fat. Blood samples were taken individually every 3 days to determine serum progesterone concentration levels starting one week postparturition via radioimmunoassay kits. Progesterone concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in ewes fed 3% fat addition but not for 5% level. Meanwhile, those of doe were not affected by adding supplemental fat. No differences were observed in days to 1st or 2nd postpartum ovulation in both species. Milk production was higher (P < 0.05) for fat treated ewes with no differences between the 2 fat levels, while it was not different among does groups. Final live weight of females in both species was also not affected by fat supplementation. However, live weight changes were higher (P < 0.05) for ewes with no differences between 3% fat level and control groups, and lower in does with increased fat level and with no differences between the 2 treatment groups. Weaning weight and average daily gain of the newborn in both species were not affected by fat supplementation. Litter weight was not different for ewes, but it was higher (P < 0.05) for treated does with no differences between 3% and 5% supplemented fat groups. Therefore, one can conclude that supplemental fat to ewes at 3% during their postpartum period might recover their cyclicity late in the breeding season, but not at high levels (5%), and can improve their milk production and affect live weight change during that period with no effect on weaning weight or litter weight of lambs. For does, supplemental fat is not capable of affecting their postpartum cyclicity, milk production, and weaning weight of their kids, but reduces their live weight change and litter weight.     

共轭亚油酸（CLA)与动物免疫及脂肪代谢研究概况

随着人们对CLA的不断研究认识,发现CLA有着抗糖尿病、抗癌抑癌、降低动脉粥样硬化、营养重分配剂等许多特殊的生物学功能。同时研究证实CLA与动物的免疫以及脂肪代谢存在着较强的相关作用。仅针对现阶段CLA与动物的免疫和脂肪代谢研究现状作一简单介绍．以供阅者在研究中能有所认识与了解。     

玉米子粒主要营养成分合成调控研究进展

玉米具有广泛的用途,玉米不仅可以作为食品,同时也是重要的加工原料。淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪是玉米子粒中最主要的3种营养物质。三者之间在含量及机构上相互影响,不仅影响玉米子粒产量,同时影响玉米的营养品质。因此,深入了解玉米子粒不同的化学成分含量及其相互关系,可以为玉米品种选育提供理论依据。本研究系统阐述玉米子粒中淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪的结构组成和合成途径以及相关功能基因的研究进展,为玉米子粒品质研究提供参考。     

新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质组分的研究

[目的]探讨新疆沙蓬籽中脂肪和蛋白质的组分。[方法]以新疆产地的沙蓬籽为试材,提取其种仁油脂,并采用气相色谱-质谱法测定脂肪酸的含量及组分;采用微量定氮法和分级提取法测定粗蛋白和分离蛋白,并对蛋白质中的氨基酸组成进行了分析。[结果]沙蓬籽中油脂含量高（13.70%）,其中以不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸为主要成分,占脂肪酸总量的80%以上;饱和脂肪酸含量较低。沙蓬籽中粗蛋白质含量平均为24.37%,其中以球蛋白和清蛋白为主,占蛋白质总量的80%以上,而谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、残渣蛋白含量较低。其蛋白质均含18种氨基酸,属完全蛋白质,其中谷氨酸含量最高（18.30%）,精氨酸含量占9.46%,此外还有天冬氨酸（9.27%）、亮氨酸（6.67%）和苯丙氨酸（5.04%）;其次为丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和缬氨酸;胱氨酸、组氨酸和色氨酸含量最少。沙蓬籽中必需氨基酸含量丰富。[结论]为新疆沙蓬资源的综合开发提供了参考。     

氮磷肥对两种品质类型大豆脂肪及其组分含量的影响

以高油大豆品种山宁11和高蛋白大豆品种菏豆12为试验材料,于分枝期末进行氮素和磷素处理.结果表明适当施氮肥均可以提高籽粒中粗脂肪的含量,降低棕榈酸、油酸和亚麻酸的含量,提高亚油酸的含量.山宁11以施氮量在N1处理水平(尿素120 kg hm-2)时表现最佳,比不施氮处理棕榈酸含量降低了0.65%,亚油酸含量提高了1.0%左右,而对于高蛋白品种则表现为在N2处理水平(尿素240 kg hm-2)时最佳,比不施氮肥处理油分含量提高了0.56%,棕榈酸含量降低了0.18%,硬脂酸含量降低了0.31%,亚油酸和油酸总量提高了2.37%,亚麻酸含量显著降低.施磷肥均可降低粗脂肪的含量,同时也降低棕榈酸和亚油酸的含量,但对于高蛋白品种则有利于其油酸的积累.     

Influence of dietary fat level on feed intake, growth and fat deposition in the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus

Whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, of initial mean weight 260–265 g were fed either a high-fat or a low-fat diet (dietary fat: 27.5% vs. 12.6%) to examine the influence of dietary fat level on feed intake, growth and patterns of fat deposition. The fish were held at 14.5 °C under a 24L:0D photoperiod, and were fed for 4 h each day. The experiment was run for 11 weeks during which feed intake (three times by X-radiography) and growth were monitored. Samples of fish were taken for body composition analysis at the start and end of the experiment. There were only small differences between dietary treatment groups in feed intake and final body weights, but the body composition of the fish was significantly influenced by the fat content of the diet. The whitefish fed the high-fat diet tended to have higher relative fat contents in the viscera [% fat as mean (SD): 29.6 (9.4)% vs. 22.1 (10.0)%] and carcass [% fat: 12.7 (1.9)% vs. 10.5 (1.3)%] than their counterparts fed the low-fat diet. This resulted in a higher whole-body fat concentration [% fat: 14.0 (1.9)% vs. 11.5 (1.5)%] amongst the fish fed the high-fat diet, and these fish had a higher energy gain than the whitefish fed the low-fat diet. The results confirm that it is possible to manipulate the chemical composition of whitefish by changing dietary composition. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

山西省野生木本油脂植物资源调查报告

本文通过初步调查，报道了山西野生木本油脂植物１０２种，隶属于３３科，６４属，并分析了其含油率及理化性质，为进一步开发利用野生油脂植物资源提供参考。     

果病清室内毒力测定及抑菌谱初步研究

探讨了５０％果病清悬浮剂的不同配比组合在室内条件下对苹果黑星病的毒力评价,以及果病清对苹果黑星病、炭疽病等１２种蔬菜、果树的病原菌的毒力和有效浓度。试验结果表明,以杀菌毒力和共毒系数来评价果病清的复配组合应以２∶３（多菌灵∶成膜剂）比例最佳,该配比组合共毒系数为２８８．１１,ＥＣ５０＝６７．３μｇ／ｇ,增效作用显著。果病清对供试的１２种病原菌均具有显著的抑制作用,有效浓度为５６０～２９００倍,ＥＣ５０为５．８～１７７．７μｇ／ｇ．     

不同生态环境对玉米杂交种粗脂肪含量的影响

本研究以目前河南省农业生产上主要推广的15个玉米杂交种为材料，采用近红外光谱分析技术，分析了粗脂肪含量在8种不同生态环境下的表现。结果表明，不同品种不同地点间粗脂肪含量存在明显差异。不同品种间粗脂肪含量变化范围为4．115％～8．175％，总平均值为4．672％。粗脂肪含量大于7．000％的品种有2个，为HE-1、HE-2。不同地点间粗脂肪含量变化范围为4.571％～4．801％，总平均值为4．672％，粗脂肪平均含量以洛阳点最高，商丘点次之，郑州点第三，显著高于其他地点。     

复方中药降血脂作用及减肥作用的研究

研究一种复方中药对小鼠的降血脂作用及减肥作用。分别在常效、预防、拮抗和治疗4个阶段末,测定对照组和药物组小鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCH)和高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)的浓度;测量两组小鼠的体质量和体脂质量,计算脂肪系数;取小鼠腹部肠系膜脂肪组织做石蜡切片,观察脂肪细胞差异。常效和预防阶段,药物组TG、TCH浓度有所降低但不明显(P>0.05);在拮抗和治疗阶段,药物组TG、TCH浓度显著低于对照组,而HDL-C浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01);给药后,药物组小鼠的体质量和脂肪系数显著降低(P<0.05),且肠系膜脂肪细胞明显缩小。该复方中药具有显著的降血脂及减肥作用。