The early postnatal pattern of vesicle formation in different regions of the porcine small intestine

In the early postnatal period, the permeability of the piglet small intestine is high to compensate for the absence of trans-placental transfer of immunoglobulins during the fetal period. Vesicles, which mainly reflect the uptake of macromolecules and other colostral/milk components, were studied in three different regions of the small intestine – proximal, mid and distal – in a total of twelve piglets on day 0 (unsuckled and colostrums-fed), 2 and 6 (all suckled). Tissues were sampled and prepared for light microscopy (paraffin and cryo) and trans-electron microscopy. Different methods were applied to visualize cytoplasmatic subcellular components such as fat (Oil red O) and carbohydrates (PAS). Appearance and morphology of the epithelial vesicles were compared.

In the proximal region several small supranuclear and a single large subnuclear electron dense, eosinophilic and PAS+ vesicle were present. They disappeared after 2 days (gut closure) and on day 6 adult-looking epithelial cells were present. In the distal region of day 0 pigs digestion vesicles/flocculent vesicles were observed in the cytoplasma. The vesicles appeared empty but with eosinophilic, PAS+ and electron dense precipitations. The size and variation of these vesicles increased with age. Fat absorption increased markedly from day 2 to day 6.

The observations indicate that in general colostral absorption processes are initiated prenatally, persist after birth and in the distal region also after gut closure. Fat absorption increased after gut closure, and in the distal region the increase correlated with e.g. IgG absorption.     

柞蚕脂肪体RNA量的消长与体液卵黄原蛋白含量的关系

测定了柞蚕吐丝当日至化蛹第 1日不同日龄雌体脂肪体和吐丝期第 5日雄体RNA的含量。雌体RNA的含量随发育日龄的增加而增加 ,吐丝第 5日达到高峰 ,脂肪体RNA的含量为 2 4 1μg/mg,化蛹当日脂肪体RNA的含量开始下降。雄体中的RNA含量甚少。柞蚕体液SDS PAGE分析结果 ,吐丝当日已出现卵黄原蛋白 ,随日龄的增加而增加 ,第 5日达到高峰 ,化蛹当日有所下降 ,这与测定的脂肪体中RNA的变化趋势是一致的。Northern印迹分析的结果表明柞蚕雄体中的RNA并非是卵黄原蛋白mRNA ,卵黄原蛋白的表达具有时期特异性和性特异性。证明了柞蚕卵黄原蛋白的合成与家蚕和惜古比天蚕一样 ,从吐丝期到蛹初期的脂肪体卵黄原蛋白mRNA的增加和体液中卵黄原蛋白量的增加的时期一致。     

柞蚕卵黄原蛋白的合成与转运

本文用免疫扩散和脂蛋白染色方法证实柞蚕印黄原蛋白系雌性所特有.卵黄原蛋白的免疫学一致性也得到确定.柞蚕卵黄原蛋白在进人预蛹期开始出现于雌体血淋巴中.在整个蛹滞育期间.卵黄原蛋白含量约为血淋巴总蛋白的50%;在成虫发育期印黄原蛋白含量剧降,与此同时.卵黄蛋白含量则激增,约占卵黄总蛋白的80%.卵巢摘除导致血淋巴印黄原蛋白含量剧增.     

外源和内源性cAMP对猪肥育期脂质和蛋白质沉积的影响

给猪皮下注射cAMP或氨茶硷,并对肥育猪的胴体组成、肉中生化物质及血液中诸生化成分进行分析,结果表明,cAMP和氨茶硷分别使瘦肉率提高8.73%和16.13%,眼肌面积提高29.58%和21.53%,后腿比提高6.84%和10.18%;cAMP还使背膘厚降低24.67%(p<0.05);肉中脂肪降低25.80%和7.70%,血糖分别增加12.27%和32.20%(p<0.01),血蛋白质增加12.43%和18.31%;且非蛋白氮下降,血脂分别增加12.44%和4.55%,脂肪酶活性增加34.74%(p<0.05)和16.28%;血脂升高与脂肪酶活性升高呈正相关,同时血中cAMP均增加1倍以上,cGMP也有相应的升高趋势.     

帽儿山异色瓢虫野外越冬前体内甘油·脂肪含量的变化

[目的]明确野外越冬异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)]成虫体内甘油、脂肪2种物质越冬前的动态变化.[方法]利用动力学方法和重量法,分别测定了其体内甘油和脂肪含量.[结果]昼长及温、湿度共同影响异色瓢虫越冬前体内甘油和脂肪含量的变化;在异色瓢虫越冬前,虫体脂肪含量达到最低值,于部分异色瓢虫越冬期间达到最高值;而虫体甘油含量在异色瓢虫越冬前期及部分异色瓢虫越冬期间达到最高值,在几乎全部异色瓢虫越冬期间降到最低值;甘油、脂肪含量变化与昼长及温、湿度变化呈一定相关性,但不显著.[结论]异色瓢虫体内甘油与脂肪含量在越冬前呈互补变化,在部分及全部异色瓢虫越冬期间均呈现上升和下降相似变化,其相应生化指标可作为异色瓢虫越冬的指示.     

苦杏仁主要营养成分研究

对陕西永寿县苦杏仁中脂肪和蛋白质的含量、氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成进行了分析测定,并与扁桃仁、山桃仁、胡桃仁进行了对比。结果表明,苦杏仁含有49.6％的脂肪和27.0％的蛋白质,不饱和脂肪酸的含量占脂肪酸总量的94.85％,17种氨基酸含量为26.725％,必需氨基酸含量为7.575％高于扁桃仁和胡桃仁,氨基酸种类齐全,搭配合理,具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。     

黑龙江省主栽大豆品种脂肪、脂肪酸组份的测定及其相关性的分析

本文对１９８８～１９９４年间，黑龙江省７个地区，６０个县市主栽的２２个大豆品种的脂肪，脂肪酸组份进行了测定，并进行了相关性的分析。结果表明：黑龙江省主栽的大豆品种脂肪含量较高。９２个品种脂肪平均含量为２０．７３％。不同大豆品种亚麻酸含量变异系数大，表明黑龙江省大豆品种间亚麻酸含量存在着较大的差异。９２个大豆品种脂肪含量与亚麻酸含量呈负相关趋势，油酸与亚油酸，亚麻酸是极显著的负相关，亚油酸与亚麻酸是显著的正相关。     

Influence of sow dietary fatty acid composition on the behaviour of the piglets

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the development of the nervous system in animals, and increased concentration of n−3 PUFA in maternal diet improves the cognitive development of mammalian foetuses. In this study the effect of maternal diet fatty acid composition in pigs on the development of the central nervous system, monitored as behaviour of piglets, was investigated using three behavioural tests: recognition of the mother's faeces, back test, and hidden door test.Twenty-seven multiparous Yorkshire sows were split into four groups and fed diets with different content of fat and PUFA throughout pregnancy and lactation. LF (n = 6) was fed a standard diet, HFS (n = 4) a high fat and low PUFA diet, HFO (n = 7) a high n−6 PUFA diet, and HFL (n = 10) a high n−3 PUFA diet.Three behavioural tests were performed on 5–7 randomly chosen piglets per litter (n = 167). Recognition of the mother's faeces was tested in a maze two days after birth. Back test was performed twice (2–4 d and 4 w) and a hidden door test was performed at 4 w. In addition, the brain content of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n−3, DHA) of the newborn piglets was determined in treatment groups. Data from the tests were analysed with linear mixed models for each of the tests.Piglets from HFL treatment had significantly higher content of DHA (P < 0.001) and the ratio of n−6/n−3 PUFA was significantly lower in brain tissue (P < 0.001), compared to piglets from the other treatments. In parity 3, means for recognition for mother's faeces were for diets LF, HFS, HFO and HFL; 22.2, 37.0, 26.4 and 18.0%, respectively (P < 0.05), but no other significant effect of diet was found. Piglets in HFS treatment had the shortest latency to make escape attempts and HFO piglets the longest latency in the back test (P = 0.030). No significant effect of sow diet was found on piglet performance in the hidden door test, but intermediate piglets weighing 1410–1619 g had a lower probability of success in hidden door test than piglets weighing < 1410 g (P = 0.028), and ≥ 1875 g (P = 0.027), respectively.It was found that sow diet influenced the DHA content in the piglet brains, but there was no clear effect of sow diet on piglet behaviour. In order to draw any conclusions about possible enhancements of the behavioural development of the piglet more studies need to be performed.     

Exploring the possibilities of genetic improvement from traceability data: An example in the Pirenaica beef cattle

The aim of this study is to explore the potential use of the information generated by the Spanish traceability program (SIMOGAN) for animal breeding purposes in the Pirenaica beef cattle breed. The traits included in the study were: cold carcass weight (CW, n = 20,010), conformation (CON, n = 15,808), fat cover (FC, n = 13,739) and colour (COL, n = 3477) from the SIMOGAN database; and weaning weight (WW, n = 15,561) from the Breeders Association (CONASPI) database. Posterior marginal estimates of genetic parameters were obtained using Bayesian inference, implemented via a Gibbs sampling scheme. Posterior marginal means of heritabilities were 0.34, 0.28, 0.19, 0.23 and 0.38 for CW, CON, FC, COL and WW, respectively. Moreover, posterior marginal distributions of genetic correlations between CW-CON, CW-WW, CON-FC and FC-WW do not include the zero within the Highest Posterior Density (HPD) at 95%, and their posterior mean estimates were 0.30, 0.54, − 0.35 and 0.23, respectively. These results indicate that there is enough genetic variability for selection in CW, CON, FC, COL and WW. The availability of records is potentially abundant at a very low cost, thus they can be easily included in the selection criteria. Consequences of the current selection criteria (WW) and other possible alternatives are discussed.     

牦牛乳中脂肪测定方法比较

用“哥特里一罗紫法”、“酸水解法”和“快速测定法”（乳成份分析仪法）三种方法进行牦牛乳中脂肪含量的测定,经对测定结果的比较分析得出：在测定牦牛乳中的脂肪含量时“哥特里．罗紫法”优于“酸水解法”;而在现场牦牛乳中脂肪含量测定时宜用“乳成分分析仪”进行快速测定。