线性模型对影响奶牛产奶性能的主要相关因素分析

利用一般线性模型研究各种因素对奶牛产奶性能的影响。牛场、胎次和产犊季节对奶牛产奶量影响差异极显著(P0.01),随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛产奶量增加;夏季产犊的奶牛产奶量最低,冬季产犊的最高;体细胞计数对奶牛产奶量没有显著性影响(P0.05),但随着体细胞数的增加,产奶量下降。牛场、胎次和体细胞计数对乳脂率有极显著的影响(P0.01),第三牛场平均乳脂率为4.38%,显著高于其他三个牛场;随着胎次的增加,乳脂率有下降趋势;随体细胞数增加,乳脂率升高;产犊季节对奶牛乳脂率没有显著影响(P0.05)。牛场、产犊季节和体细胞数对乳蛋白率的影响极显著(P0.01),体细胞数增加,乳蛋白率升高;夏季和秋季产犊的奶牛乳蛋白率较高,春季和冬季较低;胎次对乳蛋白率没有显著影响(P0.05)。表型相关分析表明:SCC与产奶量呈显著负相关(r=-0.158,P0.05),SCS与产奶量相关性接近显著水平(r=-0.140,P=0.055)。SCC/SCS与乳脂率、乳蛋白率呈正相关,但未达到显著性水平(P0.05)。     

环境温度对肉用仔鸡能量和蛋白质沉积的影响

利用240只5—8周龄的罗曼×星布罗杂交肉仔鸡,在环境温度控制室内进行了两次试验,研究六种环境温度:32、27、23、17、12和7℃对其生产性能、体成分、营养物质沉积及其利用率的影响。结果表明:1.温度对日增重有明显的影响,日增重效果以27℃和23℃最高,分别为37.31克和38.80克;7℃最低,仅24.61克。并且在日增重(Y)与温度(X)之间有一定的二次抛物线关系,其中在公鸡为:Y=4.7450+2.9348X-0.0617X~2(P<0.10);在母鸡为:Y=8.9259+2.1105X-0.0457X~2(P<0.10)。2.高温和低温对饲料利用率均有明显的影响,27℃和23℃单位增重的耗料量最少,7℃最多;并且在饲料效率(y)和温度(x)之间有极显著的倒二次抛物线关系,其中在公鸡为:y=3.8541-0.1 12 5x+0.002 4x~2(P<0.01)母鸡为:y=4.06-0.1153x+0.0024x~2(P<0.01)。因此,根据试验结果综合,可以认为温度在23-24.5℃时,鸡的日增重和饲料效率较好。3.随环境温度的升高,胴体的发热量和脂肪含量增加,蛋白质和水分含量减少,4.能量、脂肪和蛋白质的沉积量在23—27℃时最多,7℃时最少。5.随温度的升高,肉仔鸡对饲粮 ME 和 CP 的利用率提高,27℃时达最高值,高于27℃,两者的利用率均下降。     

玫瑰香葡萄浆果生长发育动态及其变化特点

‘玫瑰香’葡萄浆果生长动态为双Ｓ形曲线，可划分为三个时期。糖酸含量随果实发育呈规律性变化。内源细胞分裂素和脱落酸在浆果各部分含量不同，并与浆果发育密切相关。种子发育初期，粗蛋白的含量最高，以后迅速下降。脂肪的积累主要在浆果发育的缓慢期，并和浆果缓慢期的出现有密切关系。     

不同生长期长白猪体脂代谢的特点与cAMP的调控作用

本文分析了６０－２４０日龄长白猪血中ｃＡＭＰ激光素敏感脂酶、游离脂脂酸和腺苷酸环化酶以及脂肪组织中ｃＡＭＰ、ＡＣ和各种脂酸组成。／     

Bean Quality Traits and Sensory Evaluation of Wild Guianan Cocoa Populations (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Theobroma cacao</Emphasis> L.)

Naturalized cocoa populations originating from the Oyapok and Tanpok basins in French Guiana were studied for their technological characters (bean count, fat content, purine content) and sensory characters (overall aroma intensity, cocoa flavour, acidity, bitterness, astringency, fruity or floral tastes, aftertaste, etc.), along with three controls (Amelonado and Ecuadorian varieties). The bean count in Guianan cocoa was higher than that of the controls, but it generally remained acceptable (below 100). Caffeine content was much higher than that of the Amelonado control. The overall aroma intensity and cocoa flavour of the chocolates made with the dry cocoa beans from Guianan trees were statistically superior to those of the industrial reference, the West African Amelonado. The other criteria studied, particularly the fat content, did not reveal any significant differences from the controls. An erratum to this article is available at .     

A Proton-Pump Inhibitor Modifies the Concentration of Digestion Biomarkers in Healthy Horses

To determine the concentration of various blood biomarkers associated with digestion in healthy horses treated with different doses of omeprazole (OMPZ), four Arabian horses without gastric ulcers were selected and distributed in one factorial with four oral treatments (Control; OMPZ^BOLUS; OMPZ^4mg/kg; OMPZ^1mg/kg). Control did not receive any treatment. OMPZ^BOLUS were given 4 mg/kg of omeprazole in a single dose on the day before blood sampling. In the OMPZ^4mg/kg and OMPZ^1mg/kg treatments, horses were treated over 11 days. All treatments were performed 16 hours before morning feeding. The “washout” period was 21 days between rounds. After an overnight fasting period, blood samples were collected from all animals (T1), after which the animals received supplementation, and blood samples were collected after 30 minutes (T2), 1.0 hours (T3), 1.5 hours (T4), 2.0 hours (T5), 3.0 hours (T6), 4.0 hours (T7), 5.0 hours (T8), 6.0 hours (T9), and 7.0 hours (T10). Blood samples were analyzed for total plasma protein (TPP), glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The results showed differences between treatments for urea, cholesterol, uric acid; between phases for glucose; and between phase and treatment for creatinine, triglycerides, phosphorus, and magnesium; however, there was no difference for TPP and calcium between treatment and between phases. Oral administration of OMPZ in healthy equines interfered with the metabolism of digestion biomarkers of lipid, mineral, and protein metabolism, although the animals were treated for a maximum of 11 days. Horses treated with a proton-pump inhibitor need to be evaluated regularly to avoid significant modification in their metabolic parameters.     

不同生态区、不同品种玉米脂肪和蛋白质含量研究

以奥玉3101、强盛49号、东单60号、屯玉42号和农大108等5个玉米品种作为试验对象,对玉米的脂肪和蛋白质含量进行了研究。试验分别在太谷县、榆社县、平遥县、太原市和长子县等4个不同生态区进行。试验结果表明:不同生态区对5个玉米品种的脂肪和蛋白质含量影响较大。不同生态区、品种间、生态区×品种间玉米脂肪含量均达1%极显著水平,不同生态区、生态区×品种间玉米蛋白质含量差异均达1%极显著水平。     

正交试验法优化大麻哈鱼脂肪线中鱼油的提取工艺

[目的]优化从大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum）加工废弃物———脂肪线中提取鱼油的工艺。[方法]考察不同pH值、水解温度、水解时间、盐析时间和硝酸钾用量对提油率的影响。以鱼油提取率为指标,选择水解温度、pH值、硝酸钾用量和盐析时间4个因素进行正交试验设计,优化钾法从大麻哈鱼脂肪线中提取鱼油的工艺。最后,对提取的粗鱼油进行理化性质分析。[结果]钾盐提取鱼油的最佳工艺条件为：水解温度75℃,水解pH值8.0,水解时间55min,硝酸钾用量5.5%。在该条件下鱼油的提取率达到64.7%,理化指标均达到SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准。[结论]该研究可为大麻哈鱼的综合利用提供理论基础。     

麦穗鱼营养成分组成测定与评价

采用常规分析方法对麦穗鱼营养成分含量进行了测定。结果表明,麦穗鱼鱼体的水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质的含量分别为80.20%、3.33%、3.40%、12.80%。100g鱼体中9种常规矿物元素含量分别为P630.00mg、Ca973.08mg、Mn0.20mg、Zn39.00mg、Cu0.56mg、K232.77mg、Na79.13mg、Mg45.43mg、Fe2.23mg;氨基酸含量为11.64g,其中必需氨基酸含量为4.76g,占40.89%;脂肪酸含量为3.44g,其中饱和脂肪酸1.06g,不饱和脂肪酸2.38g,多不饱和脂肪酸占36.34%。