我国花生制品质量国家标准及检验方法

花生独特的营养成分和保健功能,决定了其在食品工业中的特殊地位。花生制品质量国家标准作为组织生产、提高品质、规范市场的重要技术保障,在花生制品工业发展中起着重要的主导作用。     

Woodland Management and Public Good Outputs: Appraising the Trade-offs in English Woodlands

This paper examines the trade-offs between woodland management for timber and public good outputs in English woodlands. Recent evidence suggests that some public good values may be declining as a result of a lack of woodland management. Such under-management has been attributed to the decline in timber values and reduction in the productivity of woodlands and forests for timber products. It is argued that assessing the management needs of woodlands in order to enhance public good outputs presents a complex challenge and often depends on a variety of factors, including location, type of woodland, age, condition, substitutability and ownership motivation. However, in most instances a moderate level of management (whether for timber or otherwise) is likely to be beneficial for public good outputs.

Barriers and Opportunities for the Development of Small-scale Forest Enterprises in Europe

The article introduces the background and summarises main research findings of the research articles in this special issue. The focus is on the key issues relevant for forest-based entrepreneurship development in small-scale forestry in relation to both wood and non-wood forest products and services (NWFP&S). The article draws special attention to changing forest ownership, changing owners’ motives and values, and the evolving role of forest owners’ associations in Europe. The paper draws attention to the finding that many small-scale forest owners do not treat their forest as an income-generating asset. The ownership of the forests may be more important as symbolic capital than as a source of income. This is quite opposite to the traditional wood production model that for instance most of the Forest Owners Association’s still follow. In relation to NWFP&S, the taxonomy and indicators for NWFP&S are discussed and some conclusions from studies on forest recreation innovation and NWFP&S marketing are presented. The NWFP&S sector is traditionally product-oriented, which is strategically peculiar because the long distances from rural production areas to the customers would suggest highest orientation on marketing. Also surprising is the low level of segmentation in the sector.

雷蘑液态发酵工艺响应面法优化研究

在雷蘑（Clitocybe gigantean）AS 5.105液态发酵培养基优化的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计(Plackett-Burman Design,P-B)对影响雷蘑发酵胞外多糖的内在和外在因素进行了筛选,所选取的6个相关因素为：初始pH,培养温度,发酵时间,装液量,接种量,摇床转速。在此基础上,再采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对影响雷蘑发酵胞外多糖的关键影响因素培养温度,发酵时间和装液量的最佳水平范围作了进一步的研究与探讨,通过对二次多项回归方程求解得知,在上述自变量分别为培养温度27.05℃、发酵时间6.92d和装液量93.90ml时,胞外多糖产量的最大预测值为103.58mg/100ml。     

新疆特色农业发展的总体思路与对策

针对当前国内外农产品市场需求发生变化的新形势,结合我国即将加入WTO和实施西部大开发战略所面临的重大机遇和挑战,立足于新疆实现经济跨越式发展和增加农牧民收入,分析了广义特色农业的内涵和新疆特色农业发展现状,全面论述了新疆发展特色农业的五大优势,即资源和生产优势、市场优势、基础优势、技术支撑优势和政策保障优势;分述了新疆发展特色农业的6个必要性,即市场竞争需要、西部大开发战略需要、农业结构调整需要、资源优势转换需要、农民脱贫增收需要和农业可持续发展需要,阐明了新疆特色农业发展的总体思路、6种特色产业选择、方向与布局,提出了促进新疆特色农业快速发展的6项对策与建议。     

孟加拉吉大港地区乡村家庭竹手工业

对孟加拉吉大港地区家庭竹子手工业非农就业的潜力以及对其产生的社会经济效益进行了调查。本地区有40个竹企业,涉及到Hathazcori upazila的4个村庄。80%手工业者的年龄在30~50岁。他们的大多数是未受教育和土地贫瘠的家庭成员。50%的企业是由夫妻或3~5个工人组成的。竹产品主要是满足当地市场的需求。产品是根据季节的变化而决定的。5个产品中,竹书架提供了企业月净收入的41%,平均月净利润约2373.48塔卡,这为促进乡村经济发展起到重要的作用。作者对竹产业发展的状况进行了验证,并提出了建议。     

美国林化产品出口贸易动态分析

对美国近年来(1994～1999)的主要林化产品出口贸易量进行了分析,发现美国林化产品出口贸易额波动较大,脂松香、松节油类及其深加工产品的贸易额在稳步上升,而萜烯油类等产品贸易量在下降。同时,分析了影响美国林化产品贸易量变化的因素,提出了我国林化企业调整产品结构,扩大国际市场份额的发展方向。     

农产品保健品质改良的若干研究动态

以某些农产品为例 ,阐述了农产品保健品质的若干研究动态 ,并就采用遗传育种的方法改良农产品品质的研究进展作了评述     

Natural products as sources for new mechanisms of herbicidal action

New mechanisms of action for herbicides are highly desirable to fight evolution of resistance in weeds, to create or exploit unique market niches, and to cope with new regulatory legislation. Comparison of the known molecular target sites of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins reveals that there is little redundancy. Comparatively little effort has been expended on determination of the sites of action of phytotoxins from natural sources, suggesting that intensive study of these molecules will reveal many more novel mechanisms of action. Examples of natural products that inhibit unexploited steps in the amino acid, nucleic acid, and other biosynthetic pathways are given. AAL-toxin, hydantocidin, and various plant-derived terpenoids are discussed. Strategies and potential pitfalls of using natural products as leads for new herbicide classes are summarized.     

陕西省农业机械化对农业生产贡献率的研究

该文运用Cobb-Dauglas生产函数和项目有无比较法,对陕西省1980年以来农业机械化对农业生产的贡献率进行了定量研究,导出农业机械化对农业产出的贡献率计算公式及灰色序列预测模型,并对两种方法的计算结果进行了分析比较。