2016年11月21-22日三门峡市大暴雪天气过程分析

利用高空地面观测资料、欧洲数值预报,结合CINRAD/SB多普勒天气雷达产品,对2016年11月21-22日发生在三门峡市的大暴雪天气过程的形成机制和过程特征进行了总结分析,结果表明:500 hPa低槽、700 hPa低槽带切变线配合地面强冷空气是产生三门峡市大暴雪天气的有利天气形势配置;11月份暖湿气流比较强盛,雪中的液态水含量较多,易出现暴雪或大暴雪.雷达资料显示,源源不断的30 dBz强回波的维持以及"列车效应"是产生大暴雪的重要原因.11月份,当雷达回波顶高达到 11 km时,三门峡市出现打雷现象,这是冬季极其少见的.     

Fungal disease suppression by inorganic salts: A review

This paper reviews the scientific literature on the topic of fungal disease suppression by applications of inorganic salts as alternatives to synthetic fungicides on a global scale for both protected and field crops. Where data were available, the comparative efficacy of inorganic salts with conventional fungicide products is discussed. In total, published evidence was found for 34 inorganic salts (mainly bicarbonates, phosphates, silicates, chlorides and phosphites) that were able to reduce the severity of 49 fungal diseases (of the foliage, stem, fruit, tuber, root and post-harvest) in 35 plant species (vegetables, cereals, fruit crops, root/tuber crops, ornamentals and native plants). The most studied and best controlled disease with inorganic salts was powdery mildew of cucurbits [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schltdl.) Pollacci 1913 or Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. 1805; up to 99% efficacy], wheat [Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer 1975 (f. sp. tritici)] and grapes [Uncinula necator (Schwein.) Burrill 1892]. The next best evidence for disease control was for wheat septoria blotch (Septoria tritici Berk. & M.A. Curtis 1874), rice blast [Magnaporthe grisea (T.T. Hebert) M.E. Barr 1977], potato late blight [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary 1876] and several other Phytophthora spp. The published evidence suggests that these 34 inorganic salts are generally less effective than conventional fungicides and could not fully replace them. However, their integration in a disease management strategy may enable a reduction in the number of conventional fungicide applications required. The potential for the inclusion of inorganic salts in fungal disease management programmes merits further investigation and greater regulatory innovation in the near future.     

矿区农产品质量及土壤-岩石界面重金属行为特性的研究

采用野外采样及室内模拟试验方法，对辽宁省铁岭柴河Pb-Zn矿区的农产品质质量及土壤-岩石界面的重金属行为特性进行了研究。结果表明，该矿区土壤Cd，Ph Zn元素含量分别是当地背景含量的11.4．5．3倍，大大超过了当地背景含量水平。Cd元素超过国家土壤环境质量标准5.8倍，Cd是制约当地农业用地的限制性元素。矿区玉米子实Ph Cd分别是国家食品卫生标准16～21倍、5.5～9.7倍，Ph元素严重超标、土壤岩石界面淹水的多少和pH的改变直接影响重金属的行为特性和有效态含量。     

海峡两岸加入WTO前瞻农业保鲜真空预冷技术

海峡两岸加入 WTO后 ,农产品保鲜冷藏技术的研究成为一项重要的课题。本实验在台北科技大学的真空及冷冻技术研究基础上 ,进行了全自动化的真空预冷机的开发研究。研究结果表明 :该套设备减少了农产品在制冷过程中碰伤率 ,叶菜类 7分钟之内温度降至 4℃左右 ,其中甘蓝在 2 0分钟内达到 6℃以下的均温。     

人工腐殖化及产品在农业增产中的应用

腐殖质（humic substance,HS）作为农业生产中土壤养分组成的重要指标,在维护土壤地力、碳储存、植物营养及生态环境稳定性等方面具有重大战略意义。然而,由于HS的天然提取源不足,导致HS市场供给需求逐年攀升。鉴于木质素与HS的结构相似,能否采用人工腐殖化方法,精准调控大分子木质素的氧化分解或其小分子衍生物的自由基耦合,生成可媲美甚至超越商业HS作用和功效的类HS产品？该创造性思路对实现我国农业连续增产增收具有极大的经济价值和应用前景。本文简述了天然HS的结构特征和多功能属性,探讨了人工腐殖化的最新理念、方式和机理,对比了人工腐殖化产物与天然HS的差异性,并总结了人工腐殖化产品在农业实践中的潜在应用和价值,旨在为研究者攻克木质素及其衍生物人工腐殖化的科技瓶颈提供理论支撑和技术指导。     

Advances in Marine Microbial Symbionts in the China Sea and Related Pharmaceutical Metabolites

Marine animals and plants such as sponges, sea squirts, corals, worms and algae host diverse and abundant symbiotic microorganisms. Marine microbial symbionts are possible the true producers or take part in the biosynthesis of some bioactive marine natural products isolated from the marine organism hosts. Investigation of the pharmaceutical metabolites may reveal the biosynthesis mechanisms of related natural products and solve the current problem of supply limitation in marine drug development. This paper reviews the advances in diversity revelation, biological activity and related pharmaceutical metabolites, and functional genes of marine microbial symbionts from the China Sea.     

农产品流通基础设施对农业生产影响的机理

本文分析了农产品流通基础设施对农业生产的影响机理,认为农产品流通基础设施具有克服农产品交易的空间和时间障碍,以使农产品价值顺利实现的功能;农产品流通基础设施影响着农产品交易主体的交易能力,以及农产品交易效率。文章最后给出了完善农产品流通基础设施的建议。     

农产品品牌营销与整合营销传播策略

随着人民生活水平的提高和健康意识的增强,广大消费者对无公害蔬菜、绿色蔬菜以及有机蔬菜的需求越来越大。但由于传统营销观念和营销模式的制约,导致这些高质量、高成本的农产品"优质不能优价",利用整合营销传播策略打造名牌农产品是解决这一问题的关键。     

关于天方茶叶集团绿色农产品的一体化经营研究

在分析安徽天方茶叶集团绿色农产品一体化经营中的成功经验与存在不足的基础上,提出了选择合适的组织形式,真正发挥合约效力;协调好企业与农户之间的利益关系;重视产品品牌和企业形象的整体战略实施;重视科技的进步和推广;加强与政府部门沟通,充分发挥政府部门的协调作用等完善天方茶叶集团绿色农产品一体化经营的对策与建议,以供相关企业借鉴。     

Carbon stocks and greenhouse gas balance of harvested wood products: focus on the Asia-Pacific Partnership countries vis-à-vis the European Union

With the analytical tool, Frankfurt Harvested Wood Products Model, FPM, the carbon stocks and carbon stock changes of Harvested Wood Products, HWP, either in USE or in LANDFILLS L-F, have been evaluated, each separately, from the readily available statistical data base of the FAO, FAOSTAT, on the wood commodities: “Sawnwood and Wood-based Panels, SWP” and the paper commodities, “Paper and Paperboard, PAP”. The focus was on the newly founded Asia-Pacific Partnership countries for Clean Development and Climate (in short AP6), including Canada, which wants to join the AP6, in relation to the countries of the European Union EU-25. It could be shown that the stocks and stock changes of the HWP in USE follow a simple algorithm of the annual consumption or production and their mean annual growth, for the categories SWP and PAP, provided the mean residence times of the HWP in USE can be estimated. With the information on the fraction of residues entering the landfills and their estimated residence times an equivalent simple expression has been derived for stocks and stock changes of the HWP in LANDFILLS L-F. Their values have been calculated to be approximately 0.5 to 0.7 times smaller than those of the HWP in USE. Still, all stock changes of the HWP in L-F were positive and thus accumulating carbon. However, when methane outgasing within the HWP in L-F had been considered, the calculated Greenhouse Gas Balance was zero or negative under the estimated parameters thus to at least partly compensate the positive storage of carbon in HWP in USE. The percentage of CO₂ removed by the HWP in USE in comparison to the annual greenhouse gas emissions varied from 0.3 to 1.7%, with a mean value of 0.8% for the AP6 countries including Canada, in contrast to 1.0% of the EU-25 countries. Despite of the relative small magnitude in relation to the total emission of all GHG this contribution should not be neglected in the GHG Budget of a country.