水产胶原蛋白及胶原多肽的研究进展

胶原蛋白是动物结缔组织中的主要成分,是动物体内含量最多、分布最广、具有免疫学性质[1]的蛋白质,在皮革业、影像业、制药业、糖果生产、生物医学原料和食品工业中有广泛的应用。最近,国外研究表明,胶原水解所得的胶原多肽不仅具有很好的消化特性,而且还具有许多生理活性功能,     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.     

水产品中食品添加剂限量标准分析及建议

介绍CAC、美国、日本、欧盟等我国几个主要水产品出口对象的食品添加剂限量标准,并与我国相关标准要求进行了对比分析,探讨了我国现行水产品中食品添加剂限量标准存在的问题,提出了对策和建议。     

硫丹对水生生物毒理效应的研究进展

硫丹是一种有机氯杀虫剂,广泛应用于蔬菜、水果、茶叶、棉花、烟草、林木等害虫的防治.然而,在杀灭害虫、提高农产品产量的同时,硫丹也会对非目标生物,特别是对栖息在水环境中的生物体产生一定影响.本文综述了硫丹对水生生物急、慢性毒理效应,初步归纳了硫丹影响水生生物代谢的机制,阐述了硫丹在水体、底泥和生物体中的分布情况,旨为评价硫丹在水生生态系统中的环境行为及其对人类健康风险提供科学依据.     

Progress of genome wide association study in domestic animals

ABSTRACT: Domestic animals are invaluable resources for study of the molecular architecture of complex traits. Although the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for economically important traits in domestic animals has achieved remarkable results in recent decades, not all of the genetic variation in the complex traits has been captured because of the low density of markers used in QTL mapping studies. The genome wide association study (GWAS), which utilizes high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), provides a new way to tackle this issue. Encouraging achievements in dissection of the genetic mechanisms of complex diseases in humans have resulted from the use of GWAS. At present, GWAS has been applied to the field of domestic animal breeding and genetics, and some advances have been made. Many genes or markers that affect economic traits of interest in domestic animals have been identified. In this review, advances in the use of GWAS in domestic animals are described.     

汉江水源区生态沟渠对径流氮、磷的生态拦截效应

[目的]研究汉江水源区生态沟渠对径流氮、磷的生态拦截效应,为农业非点源污染的控制提供重要参考和依据。[方法]设置生态沟渠在不同时间对不同断面水体进行监测。[结果]同段沟渠内,侧面外来水对沟渠径流氮浓度变化影响比磷浓度变化明显;径流TN,NO3-N浓度在上游、中游和下游断面变异系数分别达到19.81%~31.88%,9.57%~16.73%和32.14%~42.81%;NH+4-N和TP在4个断面变异系数在33.33%~88.46%范围内变化;生态沟渠断面之间,水草拦截净化沟渠段氮、磷含量降低幅度在9.52%~31.11%。[结论]沟渠生态拦截对径流氮素净化效果较明显,同时适当布局拦沙工程可以削减磷素流失。     

惠州市基塘系统三种典型养殖模式的水质调查与分析

介绍了惠州市基塘系统三种典型的水产养殖模式,并对旱季和雨季时三种养殖模式塘的一些常规污染指标进行了监测与分析,结果表明：猪鱼模式塘中的COD、NH3-N和TN呈现升高的趋势,猪粪水对其贡献率最大,旱季时猪鱼模式塘和单投饲料塘的NH,-N和TN污染严重;各模式塘受到重金属不同程度的污染,其中铜污染尤为严重。最后给出了改善水产养殖用水的措施。     

信阳市主要野生水产动物重金属含量分析及质量安全评价

测定了信阳市主要野生水产动物Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量,并根据单因子污染指数评价法对信阳市主要野生水产动物的品质进行质量安全评价。结果表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物的所有样品中均检出Pb和Cr,但均未检出Cd和Hg。在鲫鱼、鲤鱼、青虾和克氏原螯虾中检出As,检出率分别为60%、65.5%、55%和50%。单因子污染指数评价法表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物均受到不同程度的Pb污染,鲤鱼和鲫鱼受到了轻度的As污染。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法对水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物的测定

建立了使用Waters UPLC Xevo TQ超高效液相色谱串联质谱仪检测水产品中4种硝基呋喃代谢物的分析方法。匀浆后的样品在酸性环境下水解,并用2-硝基苯甲醛衍生16h,经磷酸氢二钾提取,LMS固相萃取小柱净化后,在三重四极杆多反应监测模式下进行测定。方法采用同位素内标法定量,四种代谢物的检出限(LOD)均低于0.25μg·kg-1,线性范围在0.5μg·L~(-1)到10μg·L~(-1)间,相关系数大于0.99。在0.5、1.0和5μg·kg-1浓度下分别进行添加回收试验(n=5),回收率在75.2%~123.3%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于9.4%。     

低场核磁共振技术在水产品品质分析中的研究进展

低场核磁共振技术(LF-NMR)具有检测迅速、样品需要量少、对样品无损伤等特点,在食品中水分、蛋白质、脂肪测定,以及肉类的保水性、质构特性和食品品质检测方面得到了广泛应用,在水产品品质分析中也有很好的应用前景。LF-NMR技术可以检测水产品中的水分含量、水分活度、三种不同水分状态分布等,有利于水产品保鲜贮藏及水产品蛋白质凝胶特性等方面的研究。本文主要介绍了LF-NMR技术的基本原理,系统归纳了该技术在水产品中水分、蛋白质、脂肪组成分析及蛋白质乳化和凝胶特性及品质保藏中的应用,总结了其在水产品无损检测及相关特性中的应用,分析了其在水产品品质分析中的应用前景。