广州市创建国家园林城市的系统分析

创建国家园林城市是一项系统工程，涉及市政、建设、规划、文化、林业、国土、环保、交通、环卫、城管、水利、工商等众多部门和行业。广州市自2001年明确提出要将广州市建设成为国家园林城市以来，通过“一年一小变、三年一中变、五年一大变”和“青山绿地，蓝天碧水”工程建设，进一步改善城市环境生态质量，提升城市竞争力。创建国家园林城市对于广州打造“两个适宜”的城市环境，建设和谐广州，建成带动全省、辐射华南、影响东南亚的现代化国际大都市具有十分重要的意义。     

现代农业企业市场营销观念的创新

通过对市场营销观念及其发展过程的认识,结合我国现代农业企业市场营销观念落后存在主要问题的分析,再结合现代市场营销过程中所形成各种新的观念,提出建立我国现代农业企业市场营销观念的新思路和具体办法。使我国现代农业企业适应市场经济发展的要求,实现其快速发展。     

建立四川生态旅游统计体系研究

本文讨论了建立生态旅游统计体系的必要性;初步建立了生态旅游统计体系;分别就经营状况和开发状况编制了统计报表;提出了建立生态旅游统计体系的具体建议。     

中国对虾生物量评估的环境DNA检测技术 的建立及优化

近年来,环境DNA(Environmental DNA, eDNA)技术作为一种新的水生生物调查方法发展迅速,在水生生态系统的研究领域被广泛应用到物种检测、生物多样性评价、生物量评估等方面。然而,很少有研究专门评价e DNA技术操作流程中不同的eDNA富集方法与提取方法对研究结果的影响,从而针对具体研究对象建立一套最佳的eDNA技术操作流程。此外,由于物种间生活习性的差异,不同物种释放到环境中的DNA量及DNA片段大小不同,因而,针对不同研究对象需采用不同的eDNA富集与提取方法。本研究以中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)为研究对象,采用滤膜法富集eDNA,结合血液与组织DNA提取试剂盒提取e DNA。选取直径为47 mm的玻璃纤维膜、硝酸纤维膜、聚碳酸酯膜、尼龙膜共4种材质的滤膜,每种滤膜根据其孔径大小设置0.45、0.8、1.2、5μm共4个梯度,取样水量设置500 ml、1 L、2 L共3个梯度。结果显示,滤膜材质、滤膜孔径大小及取样水体体积均对中国对虾的定性与定量分析具有一定的影响,其中,0.45μm的玻璃纤维滤膜过滤2 L水样能够检测到的DNA拷贝数最多,并依据此建立了一套中国对虾e DNA技术的操作流程,提高了中国对虾的检出率,为后续中国对虾的分布监测及生物量评估提供了基础。     

建立玉米现代产业技术体系,加快玉米生产发展

玉米生产涉及多学科、多部门和多产业,形成独特的产业链条。玉米现代技术产业体系的建立必将大大加快我国玉米生产的发展。本文论述了玉米现代产业技术体系的内涵、玉米种质创新、育种取得的成就、存在的问题及其解决途径,玉米高产优质栽培理论与技术的发展现状与存在的问题,玉米产后加工的现状和前景。     

龙眼ISSR反应体系的建立和优化

对影响龙眼ISSR-PCR扩增反应的各个参数进行优化,建立适合龙眼的ISSR反应体系:PCR反应体积为20μl,其中模板DNA 25ng,引物0.2μmol/L,dNTP 100μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶0.5U,MgCl2 2.5mmol/L,10×PCR缓冲液2.0μl;扩增程序为94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,退火温度1min,72℃延伸90s,40个循环;72℃延伸7min。     

森林公园生态旅游环境保护体系的构建

概括了中国森林公园与森林旅游发展现状，并就森林旅游的开展对森林生态环境的影响，以及森林公园生态旅游环境保护体系构建的必要性进行了分析，在此基础上，提出了构建森林公园生态旅游环境保护体系应由教育体系、发展体系、监测体系、评价体系、防治体系、保障体系六大部分构成。     

Occurrence of Platyarthrus schoblii (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and its ant hosts in Hungary

The myrmecophilous Platyarthrus schoblii Budde-Lund, 1885 is widely distributed and native in the Mediterranean region. In Hungary it was first found at Budapest, in 2001, in a colony of Lasius neglectus van Loon, Boomsma and Andrásfalvy, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This invasive and polygynous ant species is dispersing in an antropochorous way throughout Europe. There are 16 known colonies of L. neglectus in Hungary. Fourteen of them have been surveyed for the isopod, which was detected in eight cases (57%). In addition to L. neglectus, the isopod has been recently found with other native ant species [Lasius niger (Linnaeus, 1758), Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1791) and Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)] in the country. We have also found the joint occurrence of P. hoffmannseggii Brandt, 1833 and P. schoblii. The co-occurrence and joint expansion of the ranges of L. neglectus and P. schoblii indicates their co-habitation and antropochorous dispersal while the appearance with L. emarginatus, L. niger and T. caespitum supports our hypothesis about possible adoption by different ant species.     

芽前除草剂和氮肥联合施用对纯雌野牛草草坪建植的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了芽前除草剂氨氟乐灵和氮肥尿素对纯雌野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)草坪建植的影响。第一次杂草调查结果表明氨氟乐灵处理显著降低野牛草分株的移苗死亡率、对草坪建植初期杂草封杀显著有效,虽然第二次杂草调查结果欠佳,但氨氟乐灵对杂草仍有一定的控制效果,推荐使用浓度在600～1 200 g·hm^-2。其次,氨氟乐灵和尿素的结合处理提高了纯雌野牛草草坪的生物量、盖度以及降低了杂草总数量和杂草物种数,双因素方差分析结果表明氨氟乐灵相较于尿素对纯雌野牛草草坪建植的影响更大。最后,通过聚类分析发现氨氟乐灵和尿素结合处理中A3B2和A2B3的效果相近且最优。     

Can climate at the seed-source predict the success of eucalypts planted on sites that have been grazed for over 100 years?

Many regions of southern Australia exposed to broad-acre grazing are denuded of trees. Re-establishing trees in these landscapes is important for both environmental and economic reasons. We investigated whether climate at the site of origin of the seed can inform species selection for tree establishment on ex-pasture sites within agricultural landscapes. We established trials at four sites in the sheep and cattle grazing region of the Midlands of Tasmania at: ‘Woodland Park’; ‘Sorrel Springs’; ‘Inverel’ and ‘Glen Morey’ farms (long-term average rainfalls of 584, 520, 520, and 479 mm, respectively). Eucalypt species were selected, based on high tolerance to frost and drought inferred from climate at the sites of origin and based on the limited scientific literature available, from across Tasmania and mainland Australia. We investigated the mortality, health and height growth of 18 eucalypt species three months, one and six years after planting. Climatic data from the site of origin of the seed of these species was used to group species into categories of mean annual temperature and mean annual rainfall at seed-source. Sensitivity of species to environment was investigated and compared using modified joint regression. At three planting sites, Woodland Park, Sorrel Springs (except health of the temperature category comparison at six years) and Inverel, we found significantly greater height and health one and six years after planting for local (Tasmanian) compared to non-local (Australian mainland) species, and for species where the site of origin of seed was categorised as low or medium mean annual temperature compared with those categorised as high mean annual temperature. There were no significant differences in mortality for these comparisons. At Glen Morey, height was significantly greater at six years after planting of local compared to non-local species and of species from low and medium mean annual temperature categories compared with the high mean annual temperature category. Mortality was significantly greater in local than non-local species six years after planting. Health was not significantly different for these comparisons. Differences in height, health or mortality of species categorised into mean annual rainfall at seed-source were largely non-significant at all sites one and six years after planting. A study of the sensitivity of species to environment of planting indicated that Tasmanian species were less sensitive than mainland species when height data was compared. When health data was compared, species with a site of origin of seed categorised as low rainfall were less sensitive to environment than species categorised as medium and high-mean rainfall. When mortality data was used significant differences were identified in the sensitivity of species to planting environment but this was not related to locality, mean annual temperature or rainfall at seed-source. Species that attained above average height and low mortality across three or more sites included Eucalyptus pulchella, Eucalyptus perineana (Tasmanian species), and Eucalyptus microcarpa, Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus melliodora (mainland species). Whilst temperature (and to a lesser extent rainfall) at seed-source is a good indicator of the success of tree establishment, high variability between sites points to the need to consider climate, browsing pressure and farm management at the paddock-scale when planning revegetation plantings. This has important implications for carbon sequestration plantings.