天然富含可可碱茶树的研究进展

天然富含可可碱茶树是一类以可可碱为代表性生物碱的稀有茶树种质资源,具有独特的保健功效与挖掘利用价值。从生化成分组成特征、生物代谢途径和可可碱在茶树体内富含的分子机理,对可可茶、红芽茶、秃房茶和厚轴茶4份新近发现的天然富含可可碱茶树进行比较研究与综述。结果发现,可可碱占茶叶干重的质量分数高达2%～6%,咖啡碱则低于0.5%;优势儿茶素单体为没食子酸儿茶素没食子酸酯,而表没食子酸儿茶素没食子酸酯含量较低;咖啡碱合成酶活性位点精氨酸突变为组氨酸使N-甲基转移酶的底物特异性发生变化,从而导致咖啡碱合成酶终止合成咖啡碱并使得可可碱在茶树体内富集。天然富含可可碱茶树资源丰富了茶种的多样性,但开发利用度尚有限,结合当前茶树育种技术的发展状态,对天然富含可可碱茶树种质的繁育与资源挖掘利用进行了展望。     

红蓝LED光照强度对茶树生长及生物化学成分的影响

以‘黔湄601’一年生茶树苗为试材,光量比为1∶3的LED红蓝光作为光源,探讨不同光照强度对茶树幼苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及生物化学成分的变化趋势,探索茶树苗生长发育对光强的响应机制。采用LED精准调节光质和光强,设置50μmol·m-2·s-1、100μmol·m-2·s-1、150μmol·m-2·s-1、200μmol·m-2·s-14个处理。结果表明,不同光强处理15 d后,50μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶色素含量的增加及Ca/Cb值的降低;100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的降低及氨基酸含量的增加,酚氨比值最低;150μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度对茶树叶重增加有促进作用;200μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度有利于茶树叶茶多酚含量的增加和氨基酸、光合色素含量的减少;酚氨比值最高,光合色素含量最低。红蓝LED光照强度过低、过高都不利于茶叶品质形成,综合考虑,100μmol·m-2·s-1光照强度最有利于茶叶功能成分的积累,是茶叶LED光源设施栽培的理想光照强度。本研究结果对于设施茶树种植具有重要的参考意义。     

茶树亲环素基因cDNA全长的分析鉴定与原核表达

通过对茶树新梢cDNA文库大量随机测序,获得了一个编码亲环素的全长基因,在GenBank登录,登录号为DQ904327。茶树亲环素基因cDNA全长949 bp,其中开放阅读框全长495 bp,编码蛋白质含有164个氨基酸,分子量约为17.47 kD,等电点约为8.54,它具备5’端非编码区的“CAAT”标志及3’端非编码区的”AATAAA”poly-A加尾信号。其推测的氨基酸序列经与26条其他生物亲环素蛋白氨基酸序列进行CLUSTAL W多序列联配并以Neighbor-Joining法进行进化树构建后,发现与水稻和小麦的相似性较高,达到85%以上。根据亲环素基因开放阅读框序列设计引物,构建了原核表达载体pET/Csin-Cyp,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功诱导出了一个分子量为23 kD的亲环素融合蛋白。     

Spatial patterns of the Citrus leprosis virus and its associated mite vector in systems without intervention

Leprosis is caused by the Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type and is vectored by the mite Brevipalpus yothersi. Miticide applications, which cost $54 million annually, are based on inspection for the presence of mites. The aim of the present study was to characterize the spatial patterns of B. yothersi-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms for further improvement in sampling and disease control. The presence of mites and the occurrence of leprosis were assessed over two years in 1160 Valencia trees and 720 Natal trees in a commercial sweet orange grove in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To assess the natural growth and dispersal of mites and leprosis, mite populations were not controlled during the experimental period. Maps of mite-infested trees and trees with leprosis symptoms were analysed at three different levels of spatial hierarchy using complementary methods, i.e. among adjacent trees within and across rows, within quadrats, and the strength and orientation of aggregation among quadrats. The study showed that the spatial patterns of virus-infected and mite-infested trees were different, with a strong aggregation pattern of trees with leprosis symptoms that increased over time. Conversely, the spatial pattern of B. yothersi showed randomness or weak aggregation at all three spatial hierarchical levels. Disease incidence increased steadily in plots of both cultivars, unlike in mite-infested trees where incidence fluctuated over time. These results have important implications for the development of better management strategies for leprosis. Sampling methods and action thresholds for mite control should consider primary disease inoculum in addition to the incidence of mites.     

大红甜橙遗传转化高效再生体系的建立

以大红甜橙的实生苗为试材,研究6-BA与IAA的不同浓度组合和Km不同浓度对大红甜橙不同外植体离体再生的影响和IBA的不同浓度对不定芽生根的影响,建立了高效的大红甜橙遗传转化再生体系.该体系的最佳条件是:1)以实生苗上胚轴为外植体.2)以MS无机盐 100mg/L肌醇 0.2mg/LV-B1 1mg/LV-B6 1mg/L烟酸 3%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂(pH5.8) 3mg/L6-BA为不定芽诱导培养基,在26℃黑暗条件下培养7d后,转移至光/暗周期16/8h的条件下诱导不定芽的分化(40d分化率达90%).以1/2MS 3%蔗糖 0.7%琼脂 2.0mg/LIBA为不定芽的生根培养基(40d生根率达94.7%).3)筛选遗传转化转化体的Km质量浓度为50mg/L.     

青蛤生境及生长

青蛤生境及生长ＨＡＢＩＴＡＴＡＮＤＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＣＬＡＭ（ＣＹＣＬＩＮＡＳＩＮＥＮＳＩＳＧＭＥＬＩＮ）￥ＹｕＹｅｓｈａｏａｎｄＷａｎｇＨｕｉ（ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＡＳＦ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０...     

中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育过程中的消化酶活力及氨基酸组成

采用生物化学方法测定了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)胚胎发育过程中7个发育期的5种水解酶(类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂酶和纤维素酶)活力和氨基酸的组成。结果表明，胚胎发育各阶段消化酶活力及氨基酸组成的变化与其发育关系密切。在整个胚胎发育过程中，类胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和纤维素酶的活力呈“高-低-高”的变化趋势，脂酶则呈现逐渐上升的趋势，而淀粉酶的变化趋势不明显。但在原蚤状幼体期，5种酶的活力均显著升高，这与孵化后幼体开口摄食的自身调控机理有关。可溶性蛋白质的含量呈“低-高-低”的变化趋势，明显与相关酶的活力有关。氨基酸含量在前6期变化不大，在原蚤状幼体期显著下降。所有氨基酸中，谷氨酸的含量最高；必需氨基酸中以亮氨酸的含量最高，并且单个必需氨基酸含量与必需氨基酸总量的比值(A／E)在胚胎发育不同阶段略有差异，但基本趋于一致。     

The effects of vitamin E on non-specific immune response of the juvenile soft-shelled turtle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pelodiscus sinensis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on non-specific immune responses in juvenile soft-shelled turtles. Turtles were fed diets supplemented with vitamin E at 0 (control), 50, 250, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks. Results showed that blood cell phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity were significantly improved in turtles from two diets (250 and 500 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation), while had no significant improvement in turtles from the three remaining diets (50, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation) when compared to turtles from the control group. Serum bacteriolytic activity in turtles from diets with 50, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation were higher than activity levels quantified for the control group, but no significant difference was observed between the 5000 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation diet and the control diet. The results suggest that vitamin E has an upper and lower threshold for improving non-specific immune function in soft-shelled turtles, and the optimal supplementation may be between 250 and 500 mg/kg.     

中华绒螯蟹37个多态性微卫星标记在亲子遗传中的分离方式分析

为了评估基因组扫描方法获得的中华绒螯蟹微卫星标记的遗传方式,随机选择60个候选三核苷酸微卫星标记,首先利用中华绒螯蟹F1家系双亲及其6个F1子代共8个样品进行PCR扩增验证和多态性检测,随后对多态性标记位点在80子代个体中的亲子遗传分离类型及连锁关系进行了分析。结果显示,42个（70.00%）位点得到清晰扩增产物,其中有5个单态微卫星位点和37个多态微卫星位点。多态位点中23个位点子代基因基因型为1：1：1：1分离类型,11个位点属1：1分离类型,余下3个位点为1：2：1分离类型。37个多态位点中35个位点（94.59%）的分离符合孟德尔分离比（P>0.05）,scaffold430598_213690和scaffold21303_16865位点显著偏离1：1：1：1分离比。35个分离比符合孟德尔分离比的位点中,scaffold240262_150253、scaffold216209_138892、scaffold293154_172768三个标记发生连锁关系,scaffold285640_169721和scaffold427534_212914发生连锁关系,scaffold507500_231891和scaffold92860_68250标记发生连锁关系。以上结果表明开发的候选微卫星标记适用于中华绒螯蟹亲子鉴定和遗传图谱构建。