病原性河流弧菌对青石斑鱼体表黏液黏附特性研究

采用3H-TdR同位素示踪法研究了河流弧菌对不同处理后的青石斑鱼表皮黏液的黏附作用。结果显示：青石斑鱼表皮黏液经40、60和80 ℃热处理10 min后河流弧菌的黏附率出现显著性升高,而100 ℃处理10 min则能极显著降低河流弧菌的黏附作用;蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶处理黏液对河流弧菌的黏附作用没有显著影响,高碘酸处理则能极显著提高河流弧菌的黏附率;8种碳水化合物中的葡萄糖、甘露糖、甘露醇、麦芽糖能极显著促进河流弧菌的黏附作用,乳糖、果糖及蔗糖能显著性促进河流弧菌的黏附作用;半乳糖则没有显著性影响;高浓度的细胞表面提取物能显著抑制河流弧菌的黏附作用,但较低浓度的细胞表面提取物反而有一定的促进作用;青石斑鱼表皮黏液经Sephadex G-100分离得到3个洗脱峰,河流弧菌对第1个洗脱峰的黏附作用最强。本文研究结果表明,病原性河流弧菌对青石斑鱼表皮黏液有较强的黏附作用;青石斑鱼表皮黏液中存在特异性黏附受体;黏液中的主要黏附受体是热稳定性较高、耐蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶的大分子物质。     

闽南地区养殖石斑鱼病毒性神经坏死病初步研究

应用流行病学调查方法。对发生在福建南部海区网箱养殖石斑鱼的暴发性传染病进行了初步研究。应用PCR和RT-PCR技术。检测石斑鱼常见的病毒性神经坏死病病毒、真鲷虹彩病毒，结果各发病渔场均检出病毒性神经坏死病病毒；病原菌分离未发现强致病性细菌；寄生虫检查发现腹腔普遍有一种微孢子虫感染形成的孢囊。临床症状主要表现为游动失常、厌食、鳔肿大、肾脏坏死、糜烂。表明病毒性神经坏死病病毒感染是导致石斑鱼大批死亡的主要原因。     

复方中草药及其与抗生素联用对斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病的治疗效果

通过药物体外抑菌效果及对斜带石斑鱼抗病力影响的研究,筛选有效治疗斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病复方中草药与中西药联用配方。用诃子、白芍、甘草比例分别为0.9∶1.3∶0.9、1.2∶0.9∶1.0和1∶1∶1的复方中草药对溶藻弧菌进行体外抑菌实验;将质量分数为2.2%的复方中草药与中西药联用添加到基础饲料中设为实验组,研究中西药对斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病治疗效果。复方中草药实验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ为投喂饲料中添加不同比例诃子、白芍、甘草,中西药联用实验组Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ分别为投喂饲料中添加不同比例诃子、白芍、甘草、恩诺沙星。结果显示,复方中草药配方二药物质量浓度200 mg/mL,为最佳配方。40 d病鱼死亡数量比较结果为对照组Ⅱ对照组Ⅳ对照组Ⅲ实验组Ⅲ实验组Ⅱ实验组Ⅰ实验组Ⅴ实验组Ⅵ实验组Ⅳ对照组Ⅰ。实验组Ⅰ投喂饲料加诃子、白芍、甘草比例为0.9∶1.3∶0.9的复方中草药,实验组Ⅳ配方为诃子、白芍、甘草、恩诺沙星比例为0.9∶1.3∶0.9∶1.3,分别为治疗斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病效果最好的复方中草药和中西药联用配方。研究表明,中西药联用复方药效强于复方中草药,均能较好治疗斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病。     

维生素D3对鱼类的影响及其机理研究进展

实验设计了6个不同维生素D₃水平(0,1 000 IU·kg⁻¹,2 000 IU·kg⁻¹,4 000 IU·kg⁻¹,8 000 IU·kg⁻¹,100 000 IU·kg⁻¹)的等氮等能饲料(组1、组2、组3、组4、组5和组6)来研究斜带石斑鱼对维生素D₃的需求量。结果显示,摄食组3饲料的斜带石斑鱼增重率、特定生长率以及饲料效率显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。不同水平的维生素D₃不影响石斑鱼的肥满度和肝体比,添加量大于2 000 IU·kg⁻¹时,石斑鱼肠系膜脂肪和脏体比随着维生素D₃水平的升高而降低(P<0.05)。鱼体肌肉和全鱼中蛋白含量随着维生素D₃水平的升高而降低,粗脂肪含量各组之间没有显著性差异。维生素D₃添加量低于2 000 IU·kg⁻¹时,石斑鱼骨骼中钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量与维生素D₃的添加量呈正相关。以增重率以及骨骼Ca、P含量为指标,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼实用饲料中维生素D₃的适宜添加量为2 000 IU·kg⁻¹。

     

生态清洁型封闭式循环水养鱼技术研究

从预防病害发生入手,应用沉淀分离、旋流分离和砂滤等固液分离技术,提高循环水量,增加固液分离、生物过滤、紫外线消毒等水质净化频次,保持鱼类、水质环境和病原微生物的生态平衡,以生态清洁的方式健康养殖。结果表明,在生态清洁型循环水系统中养殖点带石斑鱼,养殖期12个月,无明显病害发生,养殖过程不用药,养殖产量为25.44 kg/m2,成活率87.42%。     

Effect of Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium on growth performance,digestive enzymes and immune response of grouper Epinephelus coioides

The effect of dietary administration of Lactococcus lactis MM1 and Enterococcus faecium MM4, two strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gut of juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides, on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes and immune response of juvenile E. coioides was evaluated. The fish were fed for 60 days with three different diets: control diet (without probiotic), diet P1 supplemented with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g^?1L. lactis or diet P2 with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g^?1E. faecium. Although growth and feed intake decreased slightly, significant improvement of feed utilization was observed in fish fed diet P1 and diet P2 for 60 days. The hepatopancreatic protease activities in the two probiotic treatments were significantly higher than that in the control. The phagocytic activity, serum superoxide dismutase activity and complement component 4 (C4) and IgM levels were not significantly affected by diet P1 and diet P2. Serum complement component 3 (C3) levels in the two treatments were significantly higher than that in the control. Significant increased serum lysozyme activity was observed in fish fed the diet P1, while significant decreased lysozyme activity was observed in fish fed the diet P2 compared with the fish fed the control diet. There was a significant interaction effect between diet and administration date for the complement C4. The study demonstrates potential for L. lactis MM1 and E. faecium MM4 to improve the feed utilization and modulate the immune function in E. coioides.     

哈氏弧菌诱导布氏石斑鱼头肾提取物的抗菌活性研究

以致病性哈氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）腹腔注射布氏石斑鱼（Epinephelus bleekeri）18h后,取布氏石斑鱼头肾制备头肾粗提物,并对该粗提物的抗菌活性进行研究,结果表明：布氏石斑鱼经哈氏弧菌诱导后,其头肾粗提物不仅对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphyloccocus aureus）等革兰氏阳性菌有良好抑制作用,而且对大肠杆菌D31（Escherichio coli D31）、哈氏弧菌和溶藻弧菌（V.alginolyticus）等革兰氏阴性菌也有良好抑制效果;利用电泳凝胶琼脂糖弥散法检测发现,头肾粗提物中具有多种对大肠杆菌D31有较强作用效果的蛋白类抗菌物质;切胶回收AU—PAGE凝胶上的抗菌组分,利用SDS—PAGE凝胶检测各抗菌活性组分的分子质量大小依次约为：10．9KD,10．0KD,8．1KD,7．2KD,6．3KD,由于这些抗菌活性成分可被蛋白酶破坏,且分子质量均接近或低于10KD,可初步将其认定为抗菌肽。     

Effects of aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens on the sex inversion of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara)

The effects of aromatizable 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and non-aromatizable 17α-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) on sex inversion in red-spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, were investigated. Fish were implanted with MT, MDHT and MT+AI (aromatase inhibitor, AI) respectively for one month. The results showed that the three treated groups turned into transitional stage with intersex gonads, which contained atretic oocytes and spermatogenic germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis. The controls did not change sex. The gonads of more than half MT-implanted fish were in early transitional stages of sex inversion, whereas those of more than half MDHT and MT+AI-implanted fish were in late transitional stages of sex inversion. No difference in serum estradiol-17β (E₂) levels between the controls and the treated groups were observed, whereas 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and testosterone (T) levels increased in all treated groups. Significantly lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonadal aromatase activity were observed in the treated groups, which were in accordance with the lower mRNA expression of P450aromA. However, P450aromB mRNA expression increased in the MT group, while it did not change in the MDHT group. These results suggest that the sex inversion of red-spotted grouper by MT and MDHT implantation might be due to the suppression of P450aromA gene expression, and resulting in both the decrease of the ovarian estrogen –secretion, as well as the increase in the 11-KT levels. Furthermore, the main reason for MT being less effective than MDHT might be due to partial aromatization of MT to estrogen.     

Isolation and characterization of a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS16) gene homologue in yellow grouper Epinephelus awoara

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) which act as modulators of G protein-coupled receptors. We isolated a RGS16 homologue in yellow grouper (Epinephelus awoara) spleen using suppression subtractive hybridization and RACE-PCR. The nucleotide sequence of yellow grouper RGS16 full-length cDNA was 700 bp and contained an open reading frame of 537 bp, encoding a putative protein of 178 amino acids. The encoded protein shows 47–61% identities to other homologues. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that RGS16 was expressed in yellow grouper spleen and up-regulated in kidney heart, liver, and anterior kidney by lipopolysaccharide. This study will help towards validating the specific function of RGS in marine fish.     

北方地区老虎斑工厂化养殖技术

为确定母本棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”和杂交珍珠龙胆的肌肉营养成分并比较其差异,实验采用常规方法,依据国家标准对棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆肌肉中的水分、蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸和10种矿物元素的组成与含量进行测定和评价。结果显示,3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量分别为19.0%、20.2%和16.8%;3种石斑鱼氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸指数、鲜味氨基酸总量分别为(18.10%、18.53%、16.01%),(7.52%、7.70%、6.32%),(88.20、84.80、88.30)和(6.92%、7.13%、6.10%);3种石斑鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量分别为3.0%、4.2%和2.4%,其中珍珠龙胆DHA+EPA的含量为24.02%,杂交“金虎斑”DHA+EPA的含量为23.56%,棕点石斑鱼DHA+EPA的含量为22.76%;5种常量元素Na、K、Ca、Mg、P和5种微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se均有检出。研究表明,棕点石斑鱼、杂交“金虎斑”及珍珠龙胆可以为人类提供丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、无机盐和矿物元素,是具有较高食用价值的优良海水养殖品种。其中杂交“金虎斑”在一些营养指标中明显高于母本棕点石斑鱼。