向日葵[Helianthus annuus(L.)]白花粉突变体遗传研究初报

向日葵[IIelianlhus anuus (L.)]是我国的重要经济作物。其花粉通常呈深浅程度不同的黄颜色。据我们掌握和查新资料,目前世界上尚未见有关白花粉方面的报道。1989年7月下旬至8月上旬,我们在吉林农业大学向日葵育种试验田的恢复系C8711群体中,先后发现4株白花粉突变体。暂分别定名为C8711—1、C8711—2、C8711—3和C8711—4。在进行人工套袋之前,此4株突变体已经在一定程度上发生了开放授粉,其中C8711—4开放授粉程度较轻。成熟时单独收获这4株突变体的种子,以进行有关遗传学研究,本文拟对白花粉突变的遗传学机理进行初步的探讨。     

烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)生理小种鉴定技术研究

在1980-1986年,对烟草黑胫病菌生理小种鉴定技术和方法进行了研究和探讨。结果表明,Nicotiana ncsophil(?),Burley21;Burley37;N.stocktonii是理想的鉴别寄主:整株接种方法优于其他的接种方法;接种物浓度以控制在相同的水平(10~3 ml)为宜。为减小生物测定的差异,所有菌系应一次完成测定。     

大岛樱病虫害及其防治的研究

本文对大岛樱中国引种点危害较严重的４种病害和２种害虫进行观测和种类鉴定，指出了各病虫害的危害症状和发生发展规律等，并试验或介绍了相应的防治措施。     

APPLICATION AND EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH ON SEEDLINGS

In order to improve the quality of seedlings and economic benefits,rare--earth experiments were carried out on eleven seedling-age-types of four silvicultral treespecies.Some indexes such as the increment,biomass and chlorophyl content weredetermined.The results showed that rare-earth can improve the growth in height anddiameter,increase the bioprductivity and increase the mean benefit by887766.29 yuan/hm~2.It is an effective method to improve the quality of seedlings for the characters such as lowcost and easy grasping.And the method can be widely used in seedling.     

Rapid Screening for Aluminum Tolerance in Cereals by Use of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test

The effects of aluminum on the photosynthetic apparatus were examined in cereals grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at two Al levels (0 and 148 μM). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics results confirmed that the soft wheat ‘BHG’ cultivar has the potential for growth on acid soils while triticale cultivars ‘Niovi’ and ‘Dada’ appeared to be relatively tolerant. The percentage decrease in F_v/F_m of the less tolerant cultivars after Al-treatment indicated a decrease in the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of PS II, while the decrease in the ratio F_V/F_osuggested that exposure of the cultivars ‘Dio’ and ‘Appulo E’ to aluminum caused injury to the thylakoid structure. The percentage fluctuations of the ratio F_v/F_mwere shown to correlate very closely with the assessment of injury as evaluated by the relative top fresh weight. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo could be used to monitor injury caused by “Al-stress”, and thus they may serve as a rapid screening test for Al tolerance.     

The Inheritance of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Brassica napus

The inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates was studied in crosses between synthetic B. napus lines and oilseed rape cultivars. Six unlinked loci are described which determine the aliphatic glucosinolate profile of B. napus. One locus regulates the presence or absence of propyl glucosinolates, while another regulates the expression of pentyl glucosinolates. Two loci regulate the removal of the terminal H₃CS-group from the amino acid derivative to produce alkenyl glucosinolates as opposed to methylthioalkyl and methylsulphinylalkyl glucosinolates, regardless of the length of the alkyl chain. Likewise, another two loci regulate the hydroxylation of both butenyl and pentenyl glucosinolates. The functional alleles at one of the hydroxylation loci results in significantly more hydroxylation than those at the other locus. The large number of aliphatic glucosinolates which have been described in Brassica thus results from an interaction between genes which regulate side chain elongation and genes which modify the structure of the side chain, regardless of its length. The implications of this study for the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, the origin of B. napus and the potential to manipulate the leaf and seed glucosinolate profile of oilseed rape are discussed.     

动物病毒性传染病的基本特征

动物病毒病几乎占传染病中的80％，经长期研究和查阅大量文献资料后，发现病毒性传染病具有许多独特的特征，了解掌握这些特征对病毒病的诊断，预防，治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

塔里木盆地北缘植被生活型组成的分析

塔里木盆地北缘地区共记录野生植物123种,在其生活型组成中,地面芽植物居首位,达35.6%,次为一年生植物占22.7%,表现本区植被具有温带荒漠的特殊属性。塔里木盆地为我国最干旱的内陆盆地。这一区域的环境及生物群的特点曾引起有关学者的广泛兴趣。上世纪末至本世纪初,普热瓦尔斯基、别夫佐夫、罗布拉夫斯基等曾先后在新疆进行考察,斯文赫定和斯坦因曾对胡杨作过描述,谢彬曾论及胡杨的分布。1957至1958年间,中国科学院新疆综考队对塔里木盆地的环境和植被进行了大量的工作。此后     

金属硫蛋白生物学功能研究进展

本文综合相关文献，对金属硫蛋白的生物学功能研究进展进行了归纳和总结。提出了在研究工作中需要注意的问题。     

桉苗灰霉病初步研究

按苗灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.)是近年在云南省新发现的病害,过去未曾报道。该病多发生在按苗幼嫩的茎上部和叶片上,可造成按苗迅速死亡。早春连绵阴雨,气温较低,致使该病易造成流行,该病的流行也与管理措施密切相关。采取平衡施肥,加强苗期管理是最有效的预防措施。发病期可施用75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1:500倍;或70％敌克松可湿性粉剂与等量的50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂混用,稀释1000倍常量喷雾,每7～10天一次,连续喷2～3次,可有效地控制按苗灰霉病蔓延流行。