野鸢尾和射干种间杂交F_2代主要性状变异分析

通过观测野鸢尾(Iris dichotoma)×射干(I.domestica)杂交F2代群体(n=61)中每一个体的株高、花径、花数、花色和彩斑等14个表型性状,对F2代与双亲性状差异、群体性状变异、主要性状间遗传相关性及花色遗传变异等方面进行分析,以明确F2群体性状变异特点,指导夏季开花鸢尾育种实践。结果表明:F2代12个性状中,8个性状的观测值居于双亲之间;除花朵直径和花朵数量外,花葶长等10个性状基本均呈正态分布,属多基因控制的数量性状;性状之间存在一定相关性,外花被长与内花被长和外花被宽与内花被宽的相关度最高,相关系数分别为0.821和0.734,趋于连锁遗传;对颜色性状的分析结果表明花色和花瓣彩斑的遗传由不同基因调控,但都是由多个基因共同控制。野鸢尾×射干F2代群体的花朵直径、花朵数量、花葶长及花色变异丰富,利于大花、多花、花葶矮生和奇异花色的优良单株的选择。     

施肥处理对鄂西北茶区春茶产量及品质的影响

试验对茶树种植园进行了6个不同的施肥配方处理,主要研究各个施肥配方对鄂西北茶区春茶产量和品质的影响。通过春茶生产季节观测茶树的百芽重、发芽密度、茶叶产量3个生长指标,并测定茶样的茶多酚、氨基酸、可溶性多糖3个品质理化指标,以评价不同施肥配方对茶叶品质的影响。结果显示,有利于提升春茶产量的施肥配方为硫酸钾、过磷酸钙、尿素3种肥料配合施用,该配方可使产量增加21.54%、百芽重增加16.00%、发芽密度提高65.94%,茶多酚、氨基酸和可溶性糖的含量分别增加3.15%、9.25%、9.53%。说明该施肥配方对提高试验区域内茶叶的产量和内含物质含量的效果显著。     

枯草芽胞杆菌TR21叶腋喷施诱导的感病香蕉品种根系酚类物质与木质素含量变化

利用枯草芽胞杆菌TR21喷施叶腋可以提高香蕉根系对枯萎病的抗性,为探索TR21诱导的抗性与酚类物质和木质素累积的关系,以香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种FOC009菌株处理的根系为阳性对照,以清水为阴性对照,比较不同处理的广粉1号(Musa spp.ABB cv.Guangfen No.1)和巴西蕉(Musa spp.AAA cv.Brazil)根系可溶性酚酸、细胞壁结合酚酸和木质素累积和差异.结果显示:处理后0、12、24、36、48、60、72 h,不同处理根系可溶性酚酸、细胞壁结合酚酸和木质素含量随时间延长逐渐增加,从处理后48 h开始,病原菌处理和生防菌处理的可溶性酚酸、细胞壁结合酚酸和木质素含量显著高于清水对照;接种72 h时,除广粉根系可溶性酚酸外,病原菌处理的可溶性酚酸、细胞壁结合酚酸和木质素含量显著高于TR21处理.结果表明TR21叶腋接种能够诱导感病品种香蕉根系酚类物质和木质素累积,与病原菌接种诱导的抗性反应表现类似,但低于病原菌诱导的水平.     

Identification of sorghum genotypes suitable for specific end uses: Semolina recovery and popping

There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.     

转抗菌肽B基因和bar基因籼稻植株的再生

 运用基因枪法将含有bar基因和cecropin B基因的质粒pCB1导入籼稻品种特青的幼胚细胞,筛选后得到3株转基因植株。PCR检测和Southern杂交结果表明,外源基因已整合到水稻基因组中。转化当代植株表现出对Basta很强的抗性,同时也增强了对水稻白叶枯病的抗性。     

刈割对青海早熟禾再生性的影响

通过对青海草地早熟禾不同刈割强度下再生性的研究,结果表明:刈割高度与频度不同,牧草再生能力不同。低茬高频的刈割,即留茬高度5cm、刈割频度7天/次,青海草地早熟禾再生性达到最佳水平,产草量也随之增加。     

微波萃取葛根总异黄酮的工艺研究

该文研究了利用微波萃取葛根异黄酮的工艺。结果表明：用77%的乙醇,固液比为1∶14,在体系温度低于60℃的条件下,微波间歇处理3次,葛根总黄酮的浸出率达96%以上。与传统的热浸提相比,不仅产率高,而且速度快,节能。     

光棘球海胆胚胎发育生物学零度和有效积温的初步研究

通过室内试验和数理统计的方法,研究了光棘球海胆受精卵发育的生物学零度及有效积温。试验结果表明:光棘球海胆受精卵发育的生物学零度为4.66℃;受精卵发育至棱柱幼体的有效积温为482℃.h;受精卵发育至初期稚胆的有效积温为350℃.d。     

甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质不育高产广适杂交种川油36的选育

川油36(03杂-14)具有杂交优势强,综合农艺性状好,品质优,丰产性突出,产量高,含油量高,熟期适中,适应性广,抗(耐)病性强等优点,分别于2008、2009和2010年通过了国家长江上游组、下游组和中游组审定,为甘蓝型油菜NEA胞质雄性不育三系高产广适双低杂交新品种.     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.