枯草芽孢杆菌OKB105产生的surfactin防治烟草花叶病毒病及其机理研究

本文研究枯草芽孢杆菌产生的脂肽化合物表面活性素surfactin对烟草花叶病毒病的防治效果,并检测烟草防卫相关基因的表达情况以解析抗病机理。利用6 mol/LHCl沉淀枯草芽孢杆菌OKB105的去细胞培养液,通过甲醇抽提,Sephadex LH20层析柱获得脂肽纯化物。经MALDI-TOF-MS和血平板溶血试验检测表明,纯化物中仅含有表面活性素surfactin。将表面活性素配成0.01 g/L溶液,处理烟草并接种TMV。结果表明, surfactin对烟草花叶病毒病有显著的防治效果,病斑抑制率为70.9%。通过Real-time PCR检测烟草的防卫相关基因的表达情况结果发现,烟草SA信号通路的PR1、PR3和PR5,以及ET通路的ETR1表达量显著提高,说明surfactin诱导了烟草依赖于SA和ET信号通路的诱导系统抗性（induced systemic resistance, ISR）反应。     

Prediction of clinically important acquired cardiac disease without an echocardiogram in large breed dogs using a combination of clinical,radiographic and electrocardiographic variables

IntroductionLarge breed (LB) dogs develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Echocardiography is required for a definitive diagnosis but is not always available. Our objective was to assess the clinical utility of thoracic radiographs alone and in combination with physical examination and electrocardiography findings for the prediction of clinically important DCM or MMVD in LB dogs.AnimalsFour hundred fifty-five client-owned dogs ≥20 kg with concurrent thoracic radiographs and echocardiogram.Materials and methodsMedical records were reviewed and stored thoracic radiographs and echocardiographic images were measured to classify dogs as normal heart size (NHS), preclinical DCM, clinical DCM, preclinical MMVD (with cardiomegaly), clinical MMVD, or equivocal. Dogs with preclinical MMVD, without cardiomegaly, were classified as NHS. Vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) were measured. Receiver operating characteristic curves and prediction models were derived.ResultsPrevalence of MMVD (39.3%) was higher than the prevalence of DCM (24.8%), though most MMVD dogs (67.0%) lacked cardiomegaly and were classified as NHS for analysis. The area under the curve for VHS to discriminate between NHS and clinical DCM/MMVD or preclinical DCM/MMVD was 0.861 and 0.712, respectively, while for VLAS, it was 0.891 and 0.722, respectively. Predictive models incorporating physical examination and electrocardiography findings in addition to VHS/VLAS increased area under the curve to 0.978 (NHS vs. clinical DCM/MMVD) and 0.829 (NHS vs. preclinical DCM/MMVD).ConclusionsThoracic radiographs were useful for predicting clinically important DCM or MMVD in LB dogs, with improved discriminatory ability when physical examination abnormalities and arrhythmias were accounted for.     

Resolution of chylopericardium after balloon dilatation of tricuspid valve stenosis in a Labrador Retriever

A 2-year-old 33 kg female castrated Labrador Retriever was referred for exercise intolerance, hyporexia, and abdominal distention. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed ascites, hepatic congestion, severe pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was performed, and the chylous nature of the fluid was confirmed by cytology, triglyceride, and cholesterol measurements. Repeated pericardiocentesis was necessary within 24-h after admission, after which a pericardial stay-catheter was placed. Cardiac ultrasound revealed severe tricuspid valve stenosis. Balloon dilatation of the stenotic valve was performed, resulting in a significant drop in the mean diastolic trans-valvular Doppler gradient and long-term resolution of the chylopericardium. No other cause for the pericardial effusion could be identified, suggesting that this is the first described case of chylopericardium due to tricuspid valve stenosis.     

Ventricular systolic dysfunction in dogs diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism

In human patients with hypoadrenocorticism, a secondary dilated cardiomyopathy is noted that has been reported to resolve with replacement steroid therapy. A similar secondary dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism has not been previously described. We present three dogs concurrently diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism and ventricular dilation with systolic dysfunction. Two dogs were presented with clinical signs consistent with biventricular congestive heart failure and a third dog was presented with signs of acute hypoadrenocorticism without congestive heart failure. All dogs recovered to normal cardiac size and function with therapy. Hypoadrenocorticism should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs that present with ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction if there are other indicators in the clinical and laboratory testing. Additionally, a thorough cardiac evaluation should be recommended for dogs that are found to have a heart murmur at the time of diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism.     

青豆(菜用鲜食春蚕豆)优质生产——主要病虫害症状识别及绿色防控技术

由于连年重茬种植,青豆(菜用鲜食春蚕豆)病虫害逐年加重发生,严重影响了产品品质和产量。据调查,发生的主要病害有蚕豆轮纹病、赤斑病、褐斑病、锈病等,发生的主要虫害有地下害虫及蚕豆根瘤蟓、蚜虫等。采用选茬轮作、选用良种、种子消毒及绿色药剂防控等措施,可有效控制病虫害的危害。     

云南蓝莓根癌病病原鉴定及其防控药剂的筛选

研究旨在确定云南省蓝莓主产区发生的蓝莓根癌病病原菌种类,并进行田间防治药剂筛选.采集云南省蓝莓主产区蓝莓根癌病样品,通过发病症状、菌落形态观察、致病性测定、Biolog分析、16S rDNA序列分析比较进行系统鉴定.在发病严重的蓝莓基地采用噻霉酮、申嗪霉素等8种药剂进行田间防治试验.从蓝莓根癌病样品中分离、纯化获得的菌...     

复合高效配方药剂对甘蔗褐条病防控效果评价

为了筛选防控甘蔗褐条病的复合高效配方药剂及精准施药技术,选用多菌灵、苯菌灵、百菌清、嘧菌脂、吡唑醚菌脂、苯甲嘧菌酯进行田间药效试验.结果 表明,(50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂1500 g+75％百菌清可湿性粉剂1500 g+磷酸二氢钾2400 g+农用增效助剂300 mL)/hm2、(50％苯菌灵可湿性粉剂1500 g+75...     

家禽诊疗文本多实体关系联合抽取模型研究

针对传统实体关系抽取方法中主体特征与句向量难以有效融合、现有BIO标注策略难以有效处理重叠关系的问题,提出一种基于BERT和双重指针标注的家禽疾病诊疗文本实体关系联合抽取模型(Joint extraction of entity relationship of poultry disease diagnosis and...     

基于卷积神经网络马铃薯叶片病害识别和病斑检测*

针对自然环境下马铃薯叶片病害识别率低和晚疫病斑定位难的问题,基于大田环境中采集的马铃薯叶片图像,首先对马铃薯叶片病害进行识别,对比AlexNet、VGG16、InceptionV3、ResNet50、MobileNet五种神经网络模型,结果表明InceptionV3模型的识别效果准确率最高,可达98.00%。其次对马铃薯叶片的晚疫病斑进行检测,提出一种改进型的CenterNet-SPP模型,该模型通过特征提取网络获取对象的中心点,再通过中心点回归获得中心点偏移量、目标大小等图像信息,训练后的模型在验证集下的mAP可达90.03%,以F₁为评价值分析对比其它目标检测模型,CenterNet-SPP模型的效果最好,准确率为94.93%,召回率为90.34%,F₁值为92.58%,平均检测一张图像耗时0.10 s。为自然环境下马铃薯叶片病害识别和检测提供较为全面的深度学习算法和模型研究基础。     

基于卷积神经网络的玉米病害识别方法研究

为解决传统的玉米病害识别方法中特征提取主观性强及误识率高的问题,提出利用卷积神经网络对玉米病害进行识别。以玉米病害图像和健康图像共5种类别的玉米图像为研究对象,并采用LeNet模型进行试验。首先,按照8∶2的比例为每种玉米病害图像选择训练集和测试集。然后,通过试验组合和对比分析的方法比较不同卷积神经网络结构设置对准确率的影响,选出最佳参数。另外,选用Adam算法代替SGD算法来优化模型,通过指数衰减法调整学习率,将L2正则项添加到交叉熵函数中,并选择Dropout策略和ReLU激励函数。最后,确定了一个10层CNN网络结构。试验结果显示,玉米花叶病、灰斑病、锈病、叶斑病和玉米健康识别率分别为95.83%、90.57%、100%、93.75%、100%,平均识别率达96%,平均计算时间为0.15 s。经试验结果比较,该模型识别效果明显高于传统方法,为玉米病害的防治提供技术支持。