The Prevalence of Aeromonas Species in Feces of Horses with Diarrhea

Feces collected from 40 horses with diarrhea and 34 horses without diarrhea were examined to determine if an association existed between isolation of Aeromonas spp. and diarrhea. Samples were also examined for Salmonella spp., and identification of viruses and parasite ova. Neither Salmonella spp. nor Aeromonas spp. were isolated from the feces of 34 control horses. Aeromonas spp. were isolated from feces of 22 of 40 (55%) horses with diarrhea. Salmonella spp. were isolated from feces of 8 (20%) horses, and of these, 5 (12.5%) were also positive for Aeromonas spp. Twenty-nine isolates of Aeromonas spp. were recovered from the feces of 22 diarrheic horses. Of these isolates, more than 80% were susceptible on in vitro testing to amikacin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. All isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Diarrheic horses positive for Aeromonas were significantly (P = .04) older than diarrheic horses negative for Aeromonas spp. A significantly greater number of fecal samples were positive for Aeromonas spp. during March through August than samples examined in other months (P = .014). Results of this study indicate that Aeromonas spp. should be considered as a cause of diarrhea in horses.     

急性犬瘟热继发小袋虫性肠炎的病理学观察

经对患犬瘟热性腹泻的8例病犬进行病理组织学检查发现,4例肠炎主要是由小袋虫引起,还有1例是小袋虫与隐孢虫混合感染。小袋虫主要存在于病犬的空肠和回肠黏膜的上皮细胞间以及固有层内,在脱落的肠上皮细胞和破坏的肠绒毛所形成的粘液内,也能检出大量的小袋虫。小袋虫的虫体主要有包囊体和滋养体。包囊体多呈圆形,胞浆致密、深染,经PAS染色,在其胞浆中可发现大量深红色的粗大颗粒。滋养体多呈椭圆形,其胞质疏松,着色较淡,PAS染色时,其胞浆中有少量呈红色的粗大颗粒。用抗犬瘟热病毒核衣壳蛋白抗体染色检查,在小肠黏膜上皮细胞、隐窝的腺上皮细胞、浸润在肠黏膜固有层的淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和集合淋巴结的树突状细胞均呈强阳性反应。     

草鱼肠道正常菌群与肠炎病原菌关系的初步研究

本文运用微生态学原理和方法,对二龄健康草鱼和肠炎草鱼肠道中的大肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌四种优势常居菌及草鱼肠炎病原菌——点状产气单胞菌进行了定量检测。同时,对草鱼肠道中厌氧菌和需氧菌比值也进行了测算。通过对试验数据的统计学处理分析,阐明了点状产气单胞菌与肠道正常菌群的量变关系,提出了两个回归计算式。另外,还从微生态学角度,对草鱼肠炎的发病机理和生物防治进行了讨论。     

Disease Associated with Equine Coronavirus Infection and High Case Fatality Rate

Background

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is associated with clinical disease in adult horses. Outbreaks are associated with a low case fatality rate and a small number of animals with signs of encephalopathic disease are described.

Objectives

The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of two outbreaks of ECoV infection that were associated with an high case fatality rate.

Animals

14 miniature horses and 1 miniature donkey testing fecal positive for ECoV from two related disease outbreaks.

Methods

Retrospective study describing the epidemiological findings, clinicopathological findings, and fecal viral load from affected horses.

Results

In EcoV positive horses, 27% (4/15) of the animals died or were euthanized. Severe hyperammonemia (677 μmol/L, reference range ≤60 μmol/L) was identified in one animal with signs of encephalopathic disease that subsequently died. Fecal viral load (ECoV genome equivalents per gram of feces) was significantly higher in the nonsurvivors compared to animals that survived (P = .02).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Equine coronavirus had a higher case fatality rate in this group of miniature horses than previously reported in other outbreaks of varying breeds. Hyperammonemia could contribute to signs of encephalopathic disease, and the fecal viral load might be of prognostic value in affected horses.     

鸭肠炎病毒强毒参考株在感染鸭体内的动态分布研究

为了研究鸭肠炎病毒（Duck enteritis virus,DEV）强毒株在感染鸭体内的动态分布规律,根据DEV的gD基因序列设计检测引物RT-gDF和RT-gDR,建立了特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的检测DEV的SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR方法。应用已建立的方法,对DEV强毒参考株感染鸭的组织脏器进行了定量检测。结果显示,接种后6 h即可在所有受检组织中检测到DEV DNA,随着病程发展,DNA拷贝数持续升高,直至接种5 d后感染鸭全部死亡。其中结肠病毒DNA拷贝数为最高,达到1013.26 copies,法氏囊、肝脏和盲肠次之,约1012 copies。本研究证实了DEV强毒对感染鸭的免疫器官、神经组织和消化系统均具有广泛的嗜性。     

Treatment of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea with an Oral Electrolyte Solution Supplemented with Psyllium Mucilloid

Dairy calves under 14 days of age with naturally occurring, uncomplicated diarrhea were treated for 3 days with a hypertonic oral electrolyte solution with (n = 15) or without (n = 12) psyllium. Clinical response and clinical pathology data were compared between the 2 groups. Glucose absorption was evaluated on days 1 and 3 by measurement of plasma glucose and lactate and serum insulin concentrations for 4 hours after formula administration. On day 1, glucose, lactate, and insulin concentrations were lower in psyllium-fed calves than in control calves, with significant differences noted in glucose and lactate concentrations at several time points ( P < 0.05). Plasma lactate concentrations were higher at several times in both treatment groups on day 3 than on day 1 ( P < 0.05). Fecal consistency was markedly different in psyllium-fed calves as compared with control calves within 24 hours of psyllium supplementation. Fecal percent dry matter content was lower in psyllium-fed calves than in control calves at least once a day during supplementation and on day 3 compared with day 0 in the psyllium-fed calves ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in clinical performance scores, hydration status, arterial blood gas, serum anion gap, electrolyte, or total CO, concentrations. Addition of psyllium to an oral electrolyte solution resulted in immediate alterations in glucose absorption without impairing rehydration in diarrheic calves, but differences were transient and did not affect clinical outcome.     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)保苗期“肠炎病”及其治疗方法

对2014年3月山东省蓬莱某刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)保苗场患“肠炎病”的刺参进行了临床症状和组织病理学观察以及病原菌分离与鉴定,利用氟苯尼考为治疗药品,以脏壁比、增重率和特定生长率为评判指标,探讨了3种不同用药方式(口服、药浴、口服+药浴)对刺参保苗期“肠炎病”的治疗效果.结果显示,刺参“肠炎病”症状表现为体色发黑,附着能力弱,摄食和活动能力差,解剖后可见肠道内食物不连续,肠腔内有大量黄白色粘液或浓状物质,肠道壁变脆、韧性差且易断裂,显微镜下观察到肠道存在大量细菌;组织病理学显示,患病刺参肠道绒毛膜散乱、粘膜层溃散,结缔组织散乱,且与肌肉层分离较明显.自刺参肠道处分离出优势度最高的细菌In-1菌株,人工感染实验证实,该菌为刺参“肠炎病”致病菌,该致病菌主要来源于饲料藻粉.利用细菌形态观察、生理生化和分子生物学方法(16S rDNA和gyrB)鉴定该菌株为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi).该菌株对头孢三嗪、阿奇霉素、强力霉素和氟苯尼考等12种药物高度敏感.不同用药方式的治疗效果显示,使用氟苯尼考药浴可获得最佳治疗效果,刺参经药浴治疗后增重率达(24.23±0.41)％,特定生长率达(0.77±0.01)％/d.本研究可为刺参疾病防控和健康养殖提供理论依据和技术参考.     

养殖大菱鲆腹水病病原菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]从养殖大菱鲆中分离腹水病病原菌,并对其进行鉴定。[方法]从山东半岛2个不同的养殖场腹水病发病大菱鲆体内分离病原菌,并通过常规生理生化试验和16S r DNA基因序列对比对其进行鉴定。[结果]共分离到2株优势细菌。常规生理生化特征分析表明,这2株菌分别与鲨鱼弧菌(Vibrio carchiariae)和大菱鲆弧菌(Vibrio scophthalmi)表性特征非常相似。系统发育树分析表明这2株菌与鲨鱼弧菌(Vibrio carchiariae)和大菱鲆弧菌(Vibrio scophthalmi)的亲缘关系最近。[结论]这2株细菌被鉴定为鲨鱼弧菌(Vibrio carchiariae)和大菱鲆弧菌(Vibrio scophthalmi)。