不同配比南极磷虾粉饲料对网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟生长及氟累积的影响

配制南极磷虾粉替代饲料中鱼粉比例分别为0%、10%、20%、30%的4组饲料饲喂俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)200 d后,分析南极磷虾粉替代部分鱼粉对网箱养殖俄罗斯鲟生长和鱼体组织氟残留的影响。结果表明:(1)随着南极磷虾粉替代比例的升高,俄罗斯鲟的末重、增重、特定生长率、蛋白质效率先上升后下降,饲料系数先降低后升高,10%组显著高于对照组和其它试验组(P0.05);(2)实验结束时,俄罗斯鲟肌肉、肝脏和鱼鳔的氟浓度低于检测限,但鳃、皮、脊骨和背骨呈现剂量浓度效应,各试验组较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。综上所述,在本实验条件下,在俄罗斯鲟饲料中加入10%比例的南极磷虾粉时获得最佳生长效果和较低的组织氟累积。     

Effect of Partial Replacement of Steam Rolled Corn With Soybean Hulls or Prickly Pear Cactus in the Horse's Diet in the Presence of Live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on In Vitro Fecal Gas Production

The aim of the study was to evaluate the fecal fermentation of partial replacing steam rolled corn with soybean hulls (SH) or prickly pear cactus (PC) as energy source in horse diets, in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Steam rolled corn was replaced with SH at 0% (control), 7.5% (SH75), and 15% (SH150) in the first trial, whereas it was replaced with PC at 0% (control; the same of the first trial), 7.5% (PC75), and 15% (PC150) in the second trial. Yeast of S. cerevisiae was added at 0, 2, and 4 mg/g dry matter (DM) of incubated substrates. Fecal inoculum was obtained from four adult English Thoroughbred horses fed on an amount of commercial concentrate and oat hay ad libitum. Interactions observed between PC rations and yeast doses for the asymptotic gas production (GP), the rate of GP and carbon dioxide (CO₂) production during some incubation hours. Moreover, with no effect due to SH rations (P > .05), increased (P < .05) rate of GP was observed with the ration PC75 compared with other rations. Besides, PC75 and PC150 rations with 0 mg yeast/g DM linearly decreased (P < .05) CO₂ production at some incubation hours. However, SH75 and SH150 ration had increased (P = .005) DM degradability (DMD). Yeast addition at 2 mg/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) with the SH75 and PC150 rations. The level of 4 mg yeast/g DM increased the asymptotic GP (P = .048) from the SH150 ration. Yeast addition at 2 and 4 mg/g DM increased (P < .05) ​the asymptotic GP from PC75 and PC150 rations, respectively, with increasing DMD with the both doses. Yeast addition increased (P < .05) CO₂ production from SH75, SH150, PC75, and PC150 rations. It could be concluded that SH and PC can replace steam rolled corn at levels of 7.5% to 15% without negative effect of fermentation kinetics and with better fermentation performance in the presence of yeast at 2 mg/g DM of substrates.     

锰胁迫下鸡眼草的富集特征及生理响应

为探明植物对锰胁迫的耐受性机制,以采自重金属污染区与非污染区的鸡眼草为试验材料,在不同锰浓度胁迫下［0 （对照）、1000、5000、10000、15000、20000 μmol·L^-1］ 开展盆栽试验,比较研究锰胁迫对两种来源鸡眼草表型、生理生化特性及锰积累特征的影响。结果表明：随着锰浓度的升高,1） 两种来源鸡眼草的根干重、芽干重、根冠比均呈降低的趋势;当锰浓度达5000~20000 μmol·L^-1时,与对照相比,污染区、非污染区鸡眼草的芽干重分别下降4.34%~27.71%与16.33%~49.77%,根干重分别下降19.00%~66.06%与27.90%~77.54%,污染区下降幅度均较非污染区的小;2） 两种来源鸡眼草的叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性均呈先升后降的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量则逐渐升高;3） 两种来源鸡眼草根、茎、叶的锰含量均增加;锰浓度为20000 μmol·L^-1时,污染区和非污染区鸡眼草的叶锰含量分别为对照的16.53和13.41倍。因此,污染区鸡眼草锰耐受能力及富集能力均较非污染区鸡眼草高,较高的抗氧化酶活性是其耐受高锰胁迫的重要生理机制。     

Protein and energy concentrations of meat meal and meat and bone meal fed to pigs based on in vitro assays

The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of meat meal (MM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) as feed ingredients for pigs based on in vitro assays. Test ingredients were 4 sources of MM and 3 sources of MBM. Ash and CP contents of the ingredients ranged from 3.8% to 33.1% and 46.8% to 82.9% (as-is basis), respectively. In vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of CP was determined and ileal digestible CP content was calculated by multiplying CP content by IVID of CP. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) of dry matter (DM) was determined and ME was calculated using gross energy, CP contents, and IVTTD of DM. The IVID of CP and IVTTD of DM ranged from 77.2% to 88.7% and from 82.7% to 92.4%, respectively. Calculated ileal digestible CP and ME contents ranged from 37.8% to 73.5% DM and 2,405 to 3,905 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Ash contents were negatively correlated (P < 0.001) with CP (r = −0.99), in vitro ileal digestible CP (r = −0.97), gross energy (r = −1.00), in vitro digestible energy (r = −0.97), and adjusted ME (r = −0.97). The most fitting equations for ileal digestible CP and adjusted ME were: ileal digestible CP (% DM) = 11.91 − 0.90 × Ash (% DM) + 0.74 × IVID of CP (%) (R² = 0.99) and adjusted ME (kcal/kg DM) = 130.85 − 50.90 × ash (% DM) + 47.06 × IVTTD of DM (%) (R² = 0.99). To validate the accuracy of the prediction equations for ME, mean bias and linear bias were determined using a regression analysis. Calculated ME values of MM and MBM were in a good agreement with data obtained from animal experiments based on a statistically insignificant bias in the models. In conclusion, ME concentrations of MM and MBM as swine feed ingredients can be calculated using ash concentration and in vitro disappearance of dry matter.     

水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

翅片管加热器换热过程综合能量特性研究

在研究翅片管加热器传热性能及流阻性能的基础上，依据热力学理论，利用不可逆过程Ｙｏｎｇ分析，着重分析管速换热过程的能量特性，将换热过程的传热性能与流阻性能有机地结合提出便于工程实际应用的能量特性分析准则函数。依此探讨管束换热过程特征参数对综合能量利用性能的影响，指导翅片管加热器能量的高效利用，并与光管加热器进行了比较分析。     

竖井贯流泵能量特性试验研究

结合江苏某竖井贯流式泵站，对两种不同转轮在相同进、出水流道情况下进行了能量特性试验研究．试验研究表明，竖井贯流式水泵在超低扬程(1—2m)的调水工程中具有很好的水力性能，其模型泵装置的最高效率达69％左右，该项试验研究为今后竖井贯流泵的进一步开发研究获得了良好的开端．