区域畜禽养殖环境承载力评价及预警研究

基于产业生态经济系统视角,从经济、社会、自然角度综合考虑,选取发展类和限制类指标构建区域畜禽养殖环境承载力评价指标体系,运用系统分析模型测算2010—2019年吉林省各区域畜禽养殖环境承载力,并用灰色预测模型GM（1,1）预测2020—2029年吉林省各地区畜禽养殖环境承载力情况。结果发现,在自然状态下,未来10年省域范围内整体畜禽养殖环境承载力不容乐观。9个行政区域中吉林、四平、通化、白城、松原5个地区将发展成畜禽养殖环境系统承载力薄弱地区,畜禽产业环境压力逐渐显化,建议缩减养殖数量和规模,尽快进行产业转移和生态修复,并考虑走生态产业化道路;延边、长春、白山3个地区将发展为畜禽环境承载力乐观区域,辽源地区则为畜禽养殖环境承载力较为乐观区域,在维持现有畜禽养殖模式的同时,加强生态环境保护,适度开展可持续性畜禽产业发展活动。区域畜禽养殖业发展必须在环境系统承载力约束下探索耦合、协同和可持续发展的道路。 关键词：畜禽养殖;灰色预测模型;系统分析模型;环境承载力     

基于IMM UKF的冲量式测产系统研究

为适应精准农业的发展趋势,提高测产计量系统的精度,开发一套基于IMM UKF算法的冲量式测产系统。该系统由冲量传感器模块、北斗定位模块、DTU传输模块和上位机等组成。系统通过传感器模块进行信号的采集和处理,采用CAN通信方式将处理后的数据发送至上位机。上位机使用IMM UKF滤波算法对传感器上传的数据进行滤波,最终根据标定曲线得到谷物产量。通过车辆空载试验,采用IMM UKF算法与KF和UKF算法进行对比验证,结果表明IMM UKF算法的滤波效果更好,均方差为0.000 42 N。通过传感器标定试验,确定传感器的检测值与实际谷物重量的关系。通过大田测产试验,得出每个地块的产量分布图,试验结果表明该测产系统的平均误差达到3.911%。     

西北太平洋柔鱼渔情速报系统的开发

The neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartrami, is one of the most important jig fisheries in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In order to understand the movement of O. bartrami fishing-ground better and supply O. bartrami fishing-ground information for Chinese fishing boats in the northwest Pacific ocean, the fishing condition analysis and forecasting system of O. bartrami was developed successfully. The system was based on established comprehensive database, which included the catch data of O. bartrami (total yields, count of total fishing boats, fishing position etc. ) and oceanic environmental information (SST, SST gradient etc. ). Artificial intelligent technology about case-based reasoning was also combined with GIS component technology successfully in the system. The process and function of system establishment are composed of four parts: setting up of case database for central fishing-ground and its environmental factors, knowledge reasoning of fishery information, GIS visualization analyzing as well as trend forecasting of central fishing-ground and information production mapping. At last as an example of the results, an experimental central fishing-ground forecasting of O. bartrami from 9 to 15 in July 2002 in the northwest Pacific Ocean was given in the paper. The results showed that through three class similar searching forecasting central fishing-ground would move west, and indicating that forecasting of the system for O. bartrami central fishing-ground was correct by comparing to real fishing-ground from 16 to 22 in July 2002. Consequently, artificial intelligent expert system technology about case-based reasoning is a useful method for fishing condition and fishing-ground forecasting.     

Effects of suspended solids in the survival and haematological parameters of pacu juveniles (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in a biofloc technology culture system

This study determined the effects of total suspended solids (TSS) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) culture in a biofloc technology (BFT) system by performing two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the LC50-96 h of pacu at seven TSS levels (0, 1500, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 mg L^?1). Experiment 2 evaluated haematological variables (glucose, pH, haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes and haematimetric indices) in juveniles exposed to five different sublethal TSS concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) for 5 days. Treatments below 5000 mg L^?1 did not cause mortality, and the LC50-96 h of TSS was estimated at 5477 mg L^?1. The TSS concentrations that caused mortality in pacu juveniles were extremely high and rarely maintained in culture systems. Exposure to high TSS concentrations (mainly 750 and 1000 mg L^?1) increased blood glucose, pH, heamatocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin values and haematimetric indices on the first day. On the fifth day, most of the evaluated parameters stabilized at different TSS concentrations. In conclusion, pacu exposed to high TSS concentrations for short periods may undergo physiological changes, and TSS concentrations below 250 mg L^?1 are recommended for its culture in a BFT system.     

罗氏沼虾育苗循环水处理技术与模式

将育苗用水经消毒及沉淀处理后作为试验基础用水,应用泡沫分离器、经预处理的生物滤器和紫外线消毒器等处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水,使水质得到了有效控制。试验期间,对照池以大量换水及用药等传统方式维持水质,而试验池未曾用药和换水,较对照池节约水67.5%;试验池主要水质指标变化范围如下:NH3 Nm:0～0.010mg·L-1,NO2- N:0.01～0.63mg·L-1,pH:7.48～8.37,CODMn:5.42～12.25mg·L-1,细菌总数:(4.2～130)×103cell·mL-1,弧菌数:(0.2～20)×102cell·mL-1;试验组出苗率为40%,高出对照组33.3%。生产性育苗试验中,试验池与对照池均获得了30%的出苗率。据试验结果及罗氏沼虾育苗特点,提出了处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水的技术与模式。     

Rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L.

The impact of feeding, fish size (body weight from 18.5 to 56.5 g) and water temperature (20 and 23 °C) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg^–1 h^–1) was studied in Eurasian perch held in recirculation systems. OC for both fed and feed-deprived (3 days) fish was higher at 23 °C (278.5 and 150.1 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1) than at 20 °C (249.3 and 135.0 mg O₂ kg^–1 h^–1; P < 0.01). AEs for both fed and feed-deprived fish were also significantly higher at 23 °C than at 20 °C (P < 0.001). Water temperature and fish size had a significant impact on the oxygen:feed ratio (OFR, kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1) and ammonia:feed ratio (AFR, kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1; P < 0.001). Their average values at temperatures of 20 and 23 °C were 0.17 and 0.19 kg O₂ kg^–1 feed fed day^–1 and 0.009 and 0.011 kg TAN kg^–1 feed fed day^–1, respectively.     

用剩余产量模型专家系统(CLIMPROD)评估东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量

根据统计资料，利用剩余产量模型专家系统（CLIMPROD）对东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量（MSY）作了评估分析。结果表明：东海鲐鲹鱼类合计分析时的MSY在34．5~44．2万吨之间，接种类分别评估时，鲐鱼的MSY为16．1万吨，蓝圆鲹为22．2万吨；按区域分析时，鲐鲹鱼东海北部群的MSY为12．5~13．2万吨，福建沿海群为20．1万吨。     

2013年隆德县马铃薯脱毒种薯三级繁育体系建设做法及成效

介绍了隆德县马铃薯脱毒种薯三级繁育体系建设主要做法及取得的成效,分析马铃薯脱毒种薯三级繁育体系建设存在的问题,并提出建议,为进一步做大做强马铃薯产业提供依据。     

土地整理对水土体系的环境影响及减缓措施

近年来,土地整理项目在全国范围内广泛开展,在发挥巨大经济效益的同时,对环境的影响也日益受到专家学者的重视。因水环境和土壤环境是农业活动中最重要的2个环境要素且密不可分,该文将水土作为一个体系,综述了土地整理对其产生的影响,并提出了相应的减缓措施以减缓不利影响,使得其经济、社会和生态效应达到最大化。