迟钝爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白基因工程表达产物的免疫原性

构建迟钝爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白重组表达载体后,表达纯化获得分子质量约53ku的外膜蛋白。将100尾日本鳗鲡均分为2组,分别腹腔注射牛血清白蛋白(BSA,0.5mg/mL)和迟钝爱德华氏菌外膜蛋白(Omp,0.5mg/mL)0.2mL/尾。于免疫后第7、14和28天采集鳗鲡血液、粘液、肝脏和肾脏,测定各时间点的补体活性、溶菌酶活性、全血细胞转化水平和血清抗体效价。结果发现,外膜蛋白组鳗鲡的补体活性于免疫后第7天极显著高于对照组;其抗体效价于第14天和第28天显著或极显著高于对照组。免疫后第28天以迟钝爱德华氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌和创伤弧菌(1.0×107 cfu)腹腔注射感染鳗鲡。结果发现,外膜蛋白组鳗鲡对迟钝爱德华氏菌、嗜水气单胞菌和创伤弧菌的相对免疫保护率分别为71.4%、50.0%和12.5%。表明鳗鲡注射迟钝爱德华氏菌基因工程表达外膜后显著提高了其对迟钝爱德华氏菌感染的抵抗力,对嗜水气单胞菌的感染也有明显的交叉保护效果,但对创伤弧菌的交叉保护效果较弱。     

牙鲆抗迟缓爱德华氏菌病家系的继代选育与早期速生家系筛选

迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)是牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)的主要致病菌之一,严重影响牙鲆养殖业的可持续发展。本研究主要以2012、2013和2014年选育的优质抗病牙鲆家系为亲本,于2016年建立和培育了28个牙鲆家系,包括F3代家系4个、F_4代家系23个和对照家系1个。经过60 d的鱼苗早期生长性能测定和迟缓爱德华氏菌人工攻毒感染实验,筛选得到7个高抗病力(攻毒感染存活率66%)的家系,包括1个高抗病、速生家系(F1639),攻毒存活率达77.23%,比28个家系的平均值高32.75%,全长日增长率达到0.174 cm/d,比28个家系的均值高0.023 cm/d。该家系亲本源自2007年[F0750,抗鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)病家系]、2009年(F0927,抗鳗弧菌病家系)和2014年(F1421,抗迟缓爱德华氏菌家系)选育的抗病力强家系。历代攻毒感染实验的结果显示,选育的牙鲆家系抗病力逐代提高,说明通过家系选育(同胞选择),能够有效提高选育后代的抗病力。本研究进一步证明,家系选育是培育鱼类抗病优良品种的有效途径,为进一步培育出生长更快、抗病力更强的牙鲆新品种奠定了良好的基础,也为牙鲆对爱德华氏菌抗病性能的遗传解析和抗病机理研究提供了良好的遗传材料,对其他鱼类抗病良种选育具有重要指导作用和应用价值。     

Comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of high- and low-virulent strains of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda is a causative agent of edwardsiellosis in freshwater and marine fish. Extracellular enzymic, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities, haemagglutination, autoagglutination and siderophores of high‐ and low‐ virulent E. tarda strains were examined. The results revealed different haemagglutination, autoagglutination, haemolytic, hydrophobic and serum resistance activities in different strains. Analysis of extracellular proteins (ECPs) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) demonstrated several major, low molecular weight, virulent‐strain‐specific proteins, which could be virulence‐related. Based on the database search with MALDI‐TOF MS data, the closest homologies of the three protein bands Ed1, Ed2 and Ed3 were phosphotransferase enzyme family protein, nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H], large subunit and ATP‐dependent Lon protease, respectively. A comparison of pathogenicity of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipid A from virulent and avirulent strains demonstrated that LPS was one of the virulence factors of the E. tarda isolates, and lipid A was a biologically active determinant of LPS.     

斑马鱼迟缓爱德华氏菌的鉴定、致病性及药物敏感性

从患病斑马鱼(Danio rerio)肝脏组织分离到菌株Z1,通过对该菌株形态特征、生理生化特性、ATB系统鉴定和16S rRNA、DNA促旋酶B亚单位蛋白(gyrB)基因测序等综合分析,鉴定Z1菌株为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda).Z1菌株对健康斑马鱼和透明四带无须鲃(Puntius tetrazona)人工感染试验发现,感染发病症状与自然发病症状一致,再分离菌株的特性与Z1菌株相同,并再次感染成功,证实迟缓爱德华氏菌为斑马鱼病原菌.药敏试验发现Z1菌株对呋喃妥因等11种药物敏感,对苯唑西林等6种药物耐受.15种中草药对Z1菌株的体外抑菌试验结果发现,五倍子、石榴皮的抑菌作用明显,最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC)均≤6.25 mg/mL;艾叶等有一定抑菌作用,MIC和MBC均在25～200 mg/mL;而野菊花等抑菌作用不明显,MBC＞200 mg/mL.     

感染迟缓爱德华氏菌杂交鳢血清指标动态变化

[目的]研究感染迟缓爱德华氏菌后杂交鳢血清指标的动态变化。[方法]杂交鳢人工感染迟缓爱德华氏菌后,测定其血清指标的水平,并分析其动态变化特征。[结果]不同时间点感染组血糖浓度的平均值逐渐升高;不同时间点总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素、尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐、钙离子浓度的平均值以及谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、酚氧化酶活力的平均值先升高后降低,但不同时间点感染组的尿素氮之间无显著性差异(P0.05);淀粉酶、酸性磷酸酶的活力则先降低后升高。不同时间点对照组上述指标之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。[结论]杂交鳢感染迟缓爱德华氏菌后,除球蛋白和尿素氮外,其他血清指标相比对照组均发生了明显的异常变化(P﹤0.05),但最终大多数指标恢复至对照组水平。     

Sterol Composition of Sponges,Cnidarians, Arthropods,Mollusks, and Echinoderms from the Deep Northwest Atlantic: A Comparison with Shallow Coastal Gulf of Mexico

Triterpenoid biosynthesis is generally anaerobic in bacteria and aerobic in Eukarya. The major class of triterpenoids in bacteria, the hopanoids, is different to that in Eukarya, the lanostanoids, and their 4,4,14-demethylated derivatives, sterols. In the deep sea, the prokaryotic contribution to primary productivity has been suggested to be higher because local environmental conditions prevent classic photosynthetic processes from occurring. Sterols have been used as trophic biomarkers because primary producers have different compositions, and they are incorporated in primary consumer tissues. In the present study, we inferred food supply to deep sea, sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms from euphotic zone production which is driven by phytoplankton eukaryotic autotrophy. Sterol composition was obtained by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Moreover, we compared the sterol composition of three phyla (i.e., Porifera, Cnidaria, and Echinodermata) collected between a deep and cold-water region and a shallow tropical area. We hypothesized that the sterol composition of shallow tropical benthic organisms would better reflect their photoautotrophic sources independently of the taxonomy. Shallow tropical sponges and cnidarians from environments showed plant and zooxanthellae sterols in their tissues, while their deep-sea counterparts showed phytoplankton and zooplankton sterols. In contrast, echinoids, a class of echinoderms, the most complex phylum along with hemichordates and chordates (deuterostomes), did not show significant differences in their sterol profile, suggesting that cholesterol synthesis is present in deuterostomes other than chordates.     

鳗鲡爱德华菌病的诊断和病原学研究

采用病理学技术、细菌培养技术、生化试验和药敏试验对珠海市某养殖场鳗鲡暴发病的病理特点和病原菌的特征进行了研究。在分离到的６株细菌中,４株为迟钝爱德华菌,另２株为继发感染的运动性气单胞菌。综合分析判断,该场鳗鲡暴发病为鳗鲡爱德华菌病。     

应用Dot-ELISA快速检测牙鲆腹水病病原的研究

选用硝酸纤维素膜作固相载体,建立检测迟钝爱德华氏菌的斑点酶联免疫吸附试验诊断方法。根据棋盘试验,确定迟钝爱德华氏菌免疫血清最佳工作浓度为1∶800,酶标抗体最佳工作浓度为1∶200,以出现明显清晰斑点者判定为阳性。用该方法检测时,迟钝爱德华氏菌呈阳性,温和气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、河流弧菌、溶藻弧菌、鳗弧菌、腐败希瓦氏菌、产碱普罗威斯登菌、阪崎肠杆菌和大肠杆菌均呈阴性。试验结果表明,Dot-ELISA方法简便、特异、快速、结果直观,便于在基层推广使用。     

诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌和恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌的抗生素后效应

采用试管二倍稀释法测定诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌s6 2 2、恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌 75 1的最小抑菌浓度(MIC) ;采用菌落计数法测定诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌、恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌的抗生素后效应 (PAE)。结果显示 ,诺氟沙星对溶藻弧菌s6 2 2在 1/2MIC、1MIC、2MIC和 4MIC浓度时的PAE分别为 :0 .4 7h、0 .76h、1.2 6h和2 .0 5h ;恩诺沙星对迟缓爱德华菌 75 1在 1/2MIC、1MIC、2MIC和 4MIC浓度时的PAE分别为 :0 .2 9h ,0 .4 8h ,1.97h ,2 .30h。结果表明 ,诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星具有明显的PAE ;该结果提示 ,在制定给药方案时可以适当延长给药间隔时间 ,减少给药次数 ,仍能维持抗菌效果。     

迟钝爱德华菌鞭毛基因克隆表达及其免疫学活性分析

从鳗源迟钝爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda菌株ETY的基因组克隆到其鞭毛基因(flagella gene,ETF)。该基因开放阅读框为1 257bp,编码419个氨基酸,推导的蛋白分子量为43.951kD。ELISA和Western-blotting试验证实表达的蛋白与迟钝爱德华菌菌株ETY表达的鞭毛蛋白具有相同的抗原性和免疫原性。免疫攻毒保护试验证明:经表达产物(ETF-rxA融合蛋白)与ISA佐剂结合免疫的日本鳗鲡对爱德华菌ETY的免疫保护率可达到100%。本试验首次成功实现了ETF基因的高效表达,并初步证实了迟钝爱德华菌鞭毛可诱导产生免疫保护,为进一步研制合适的高效的迟钝爱德华菌鞭毛亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。