节能技术在食用茵工厂化生产中的应用

以广州科学城的“南方食用茵菌种优良新品种繁育与示范栽培基地”为案例,阐述了节能技术在食用茵工厂化生产中的系统设计和综合应用效果。首次采用热泵和热回收相结合的技术;创新设计全人工环境实时调控系统,调节优化食用茵栽培环境,保障产品质量及稳定性;创新设计封闭式的环境控制和空气过滤系统,隔离虫害和杂菌的侵染途径。该示范基地整个系统实现了综合节能20％以上。     

山东昆嵛山大型食（药）用真菌资源调查

对山东昆嵛山林场生长的食用、药用真菌资源进行了鉴定,并分类汇总,其中食用大型真菌共计33种,隶属于15科;药用大型真菌共计26种,隶属于15科。为进一步开发利用及保护该区真菌资源提供基础资料。     

黏籽西瓜与籽用西瓜种皮性状的遗传研究

通过利用黏籽西瓜独特的黏籽性状与籽瓜亚种间进行杂交,对所配6个世代中的黏籽种皮类型与籽瓜种皮类型的分离比例进行分析和采用卡方检验,来验证理论值与观测值间的关系。结果表明,在F1代中黏籽性状不表现,而在与黏籽西瓜作父本的BC1代中籽瓜种皮类型和黏籽种皮类型分离比例为1:1,在F2代中籽瓜种皮类型和黏籽种皮类型分离比例为3:1。由此可以推测黏籽性状是由隐性单基因控制的。     

Compounds from the subterranean part of Johnsongrass and their allelopathic potential

The allelopathic effects of the exotic invasive weed, Johnsongrass, on Lactuca sativa, a native plant in China, were evaluated and the phytotoxins were investigated under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts (chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions) that were obtained from the ethanol extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass inhibited the germination speed and growth of the roots and shoots of the test plant. The four compounds, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, diosmetin, apigenin, and luteolin, were isolated from the extract of the subterranean parts of Johnsongrass first, along with three other compounds (reported previously), p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and dhurrin, and they all were evaluated on L. sativa. At the concentration of <0.5 mmol L^?1, ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate, dhurrin, and the mixture of the compounds delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 24 h of incubation, while apigenin delayed the germination speed of the seeds of L. sativa at 72 h of incubation. Ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate demonstrated the strongest delaying effect among the phenols and a similar effect was found with apigenin among the flavonoids, wheras ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate induced a drastic inhibition of the germination at 2 mmol L^?1. In contrast, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and luteolin had no effect on the germination at any concentration at any stage. All the substances inhibited the shoot and root growth of L. sativa at 3 mmol L^?1. Increasing the concentration increased the inhibition of the growth of L. sativa. The inhibitory activity of ethyl p‐hydroxybenzoate and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde was greater than that of the other compounds. This result suggested that the isolated phytotoxins might contribute to the successful invasion by Johnsongrass.     

西部开发中宁南旱区畜牧业的发展战略——以海原县为例

依据宁南旱区的自然资源特点 ,通过对宁南旱区畜牧业现状的深入分析 ,提出了在西部开发中宁南旱区畜牧业发展战略 :退耕还草 ,改善生态环境 ;优化畜群结构 ,加强品种改良力度 ;努力改善畜牧业赖以发展的基础条件 ;优化资源配置 ,提高经营的综合效益 ;大力发展社会化服务体系 ,走可持续发展道路     

The effect of growing soybean (Glycine max. L.) on N2O emission from soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of growing soybean on N₂O emission from soil. When soybean was growing in pots, the cumulative N₂O emission during the growing season was 2.26 mg N pot⁻¹, which was 5.9 times greater than that from the identical but unplanted pots (CK). However, the difference in N₂O fluxes between the two treatments was not significant until the grain-filling stage. Of the total N₂O emission, 94% took place during the period from grain-filling to ripening. Premature harvesting of the aerial parts of the plants at various growth stages substantially stimulated N₂O emission from the soil. These results implied that the process of symbiotic N fixation per se does not stimulate N₂O production or emission, but rather senescence and decomposition of the roots and nodules in the late growth stage. Therefore, additional N₂O would be emitted from the soil after harvesting of soybean with roots, litter, and residues left in situ.     

4H-2型花生收获机挖掘部件载荷试验与分析

4H-2型花生收获机是采用新原理研制成功的一种花生收获机械，以此花生收获机的挖掘部件作为试验对象，通过载荷测试，采集挖掘部件工作时圆周力、向心力和扭矩载荷变化的时域曲线，在此基础上，进行了4H-2型花生收获机的载荷自功率频谱分析。试验结果证明，该花生收获机以反平行四边形机构组成的传动系统很好地实现了机器工作时侧向载荷的平衡，而且频率集中、工作稳定。     

川中丘陵区不同利用方式的土壤养分特征研究

通过实地调查、土壤采样分析和数理统计结合的方法，对川中丘陵区5种土地利用方式（水田、旱地、菜地、林地和荒草地）的土壤养分状况进行对比分析，结果表明．土地利用方式对土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾和速效磷含量的影响达极显著（或显著）水平；在5种土地利用方式中．土壤有机质和全氮含量由高到低的顺序为：水田〉林地〉菜地〉旱地〉荒草地；土壤全钾和速效钾含量由高到低的顺序为：水田〉菜地〉旱地〉林地〉荒草地；土壤全磷含量由高到低的顺序为：菜地〉旱地〉林地〉水田〉荒草地。     

黄土高原中部地区土壤侵蚀人为影响因素的分析

黄土高原中部地区是典型的农业区，开荒扩种在本区表现突出，由于人为不合理的社会经济活动的影响，水土流失成为制约本区经济发展的突出问题。本文通过典型调查和总体分析相结合，对影响土壤侵蚀的人为因素进行了评价。认为土地利用结构不合理，人口的失控增长，森林植被的破坏以及工业化进程中对水土保持工作不十分重视等是人为加速土壤侵蚀的几个主要方面。     

碱性土壤基因组DNA的分离纯化和基因文库的构建

直接从广西南宁市凤凰纸业排污沟碱性土壤样品中抽提和分离纯化混合基因组DNA，所获得DNA的产量为每克土壤样品10～30pg。采用限制性内切酶EcoR1酶处理后，构建了以pGEM-3Zf( )为载体的DNA部分文库。文库的容量为23650个转化子。外源片段DNA平均大小为3．2kb。建库效率为每克环境样品获得6000个左右的含1～15kb外源随机插入片段的克隆。通过DNA序列测定和同源性比较，对从文库随机词取的16个转化子序列进行分析，发现13个外源插入片段包含序列尚未确定的DNA片段。