基于景观结构的吉林西部生态安全动态分析

景观结构的调整和重建是构建安全的区域生态格局的关键途径。基于景观生态学的基本理论,在景观干扰度和脆弱度指标构建的基础上,引入生态安全指数,并利用区变量理论对吉林西部1980-2000年的生态安全状况进行时空动态分析。结果表明,由于景观结构变化导致的生态安全指数时空变异显著。全区生态安全程度整体有所下降,且安全程度较高的地区降低的幅度更大。生态安全指数的空间分布符合球状模型,250km以内表现为显著的各向同性,自相关范围都在500km以上,小尺度不存在结构性因素的影响。9个市县中,生态安全指数最高的是前郭,最低的是通榆,环境恶化程度最大的是大安。     

The effect of veld condition on the quality of diet selected by cattle grazing the Natal Sour Sandveld

The quality of diet selected by steers fistulated at the oesophagous was related to veld condition in a simulated rotational grazing system on the Natal Sour Sandveld. Six camps, ranging in veld condition score from 8,5 to 53%, were grazed simultaneously for a two‐week period in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Fistula samples were collected on the first, middle and last day of a period of occupation in a camp. Samples were analysed in terms of crude protein (CP), in vitro digestibility (IVD) and plant‐part (% leaf, % stem and % dead material) composition. Dietary quality in terms of CP, IVD and plant‐part composition was not related to veld condition but was dependent largely (P≤0,01) upon season and to a lesser extent upon period of occupation in a camp. It was concluded that in sourveld areas, where dietary quality may be limiting, the veld condition score may be a poor index of potential animal production.     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

食用农产品质量安全综合预警指标体系研究简

预警指标是实现食用农产品质量安全综合预警的关键.基于我国目前农产品质量安全的整体状况,从农业发展水平、农产品质量安全监管水平、产地环境安全、生产者技术管理水平、农业投入品安全水平和产地贮藏保鲜水平6个方面,构建了我国食用农产品质量安全综合预警指标体系,并提出了综合预警指标体系的实现方法.     

3种食用菌漆酶活性比较及其基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]研究食用菌漆酶基因的差异以及漆酶的活性。[方法]利用编码杏鲍菇漆酶基因序列（GenbankNo．AY686700）设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法获得3种典型木腐食用菌（杏鲍菇、平菇、白灵菇）漆酶的基因序列。[结果]扩增得到的片段长度均为2606bp,通过对基因序列的内含子／外显子分析,获得漆酶编码区的cDNA,该基因的开放阅读框由1596个核苷酸组成,编码一个由531个氨基酸组成的多肽。3种食用茵漆酶基因的核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列同源性均为99．81％,说明漆酶的一级结构序列具有很高的保守性。[结论]序列的差异性、氨基酸跨膜区的不同及蛋白质的构象不同可能导致漆酶活性的高低。     

赣州烤烟化学成分分析

[目的]分析赣州烟叶的化学成分,探讨它们之间的内在联系.[方法]采用均值分析、差异程度分析、相关性分析的方法对赣州上部烟叶和中部烟叶化学成分进行分析.[结果]分析表明,赣州地区烟叶总氯含量较低;上部烟叶的烟碱、水溶性总糖,中部烟叶的还原糖、水溶性总糖含量均偏高;不同部位烟叶的总钾、烟碱、水溶性总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比均达到极显著差异（P＜0.01）;化学成分含量变异系数基本较低;不同部位的烟叶化学成分相关性大小差距较大.[结论]研究可为规划、引导烟叶种植,以及卷烟工业选择优质烟叶提供参考依据.     

临河区食用向日葵施肥指标体系的建立

[目的]为了掌握各个施肥单元对食用向日葵的优化施肥数量以及基肥、追肥分配比例。[方法]2006～2009年临河区在食用向日葵上安排“3414”肥料效应试验,研究植物的营养过程,阐明各种肥料的效应、肥料之间的配合以及“土壤－肥料－作物”之间的相互作用。[结果]通过“3414”田间试验以及土壤测试,分析不同土壤肥力基础下土壤有效养分含量与食用向日葵相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分等级和最佳施肥量。[结论]该研究确定了一个合适的施肥养分配比,给广大农民开出优化、合理的配方。     

Peanut macronutrient absorptions characteristics in response to soil compaction stress in typical brown soils under various tillage systems

Soil tillage, a major agricultural management, could effectively alter soil structure and plant growth, particularly under groundnut plantations. To understand effects of different tillage measures on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) absorptions and use efficiencies for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), four tillage treatments: no tillage (NT), deep loosing (DL), deep plow (DP), and shallow plow (SP), were examined for two growing years at three typical peanut-producing sites of Qishan, Wangcheng, and Xiadian in Shandong, China. Results showed that average soil bulk density under DL, DP, and SP at the three sites was decreased by 7.1–19.5% compared with NT treatment for the 2 years. Significantly higher average total N accumulations in underground peanut part patterned as DP (163 kg/ha) > SP (149 kg/ha) > DL (144 kg/ha) > NT (117 kg/ha), while total N in aboveground peanut part was 8.7–22.1% higher under DP than other treatments. Absorptions of N, P, and K in underground parts were extremely significantly contributed to high peanut yields (P < 0.01), whereas increase of N and P absorptions in aboveground parts did not promote peanut yields. Soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with plant macronutrient amounts in underground peanut parts and peanut yields (P < 0.01). Moreover, N:P, N:K, and P:K ratios were similar between NT and noncompaction stress treatments of DL, DP, and SP. These results indicate that DP is a rational tillage practice for promoting nutrient uptake amount, efficiency, and peanut yields by alleviating soil compaction stress in peanut-producing fields.     

2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含毒性中药应用分析

目的 研究2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成药处方中含毒性中药的使用情况、功效应用及配伍规律,为中医临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法 对268个《国家基本药物目录》中成药处方中含毒性中药的处方及其使用频数、功效分布和配伍情况进行统计分析。结果 《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含有"大毒"有毒"及"小毒"的中药共计34种,占2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载的83种毒性中药的40.96%。含毒性中药的中成药处方有86个,占比为32.09%,其中内科与外科用药含毒性中药处方数排序居前2位,分别占比18.28%、3.36%,功能多为祛瘀、止咳平喘、补益、清热,配伍应用较多的是半夏与苦杏仁,半夏与陈皮、茯苓、甘草配伍应用,苦杏仁与桔梗、麻黄、白芍等组方。结论 毒性中药在《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分应用频数较高,临床上使用时尤需谨慎,在联合用药时应避免重复给药。毒性中药的应用分析对于临床上合理使用《国家基本药物目录》中成药及保障患者用药安全具有较重要的意义。     

中国食用菌电子商务平台开发与设计

探讨了利用ASP．NET及ADO．NET技术构建第三方食用菌行业电子商务平台（B2T2B）的方法和技巧。