Dynamics of maize grain drying in the high latitude region of Northeast China

A high grain moisture content at harvest has been an important problem in the high latitude region of Northeast China, and it is closely related to the genotypes of varieties, local meteorological factors and planting management. However, delayed harvest at a low temperature could not effectively reduce the grain moisture content. In this study, we continuously observed the grain drying during the late stage of different maturing types of maize varieties in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China in 2016 and 2017. A two-segment linear model was used to analyze the different stages of the drying processes: 1) Two-segment linear model fitting can divide the grain drying process of all varieties into two separate linear drying processes with different slopes. 2) During the rapid drying stage, the drying was faster at a higher temperature. The rate of slow drying was influenced by air vapor pressure. 3) The moisture content and meteorological factors when the drying rate turns from one stage into the other were not consistent between varieties and years. After entering the frost period, temperatures below 0°C will significantly reduce the rate of grain drying. 4) Due to the short growth period of early-maturing varieties, the drying time was prolonged, and the grain moisture content was lower than that of the mid-late maturing varieties. Local meteorological conditions do not allow the drying of mid-late maturing varieties to achieve a lower moisture content. When the temperature falls below 0°C, the drying rate of grain decreases markedly. Therefore, one feasible way to solve the problem of high moisture content is to replace the early-maturing varieties and implement the corresponding cultivation techniques.     

Commercial cash crop production and households’ economic welfare: Evidence from the pulse farmers in rural China

Whether promoting cash crop production can increase household welfare has long been the focus of the food policy debate. This study first investigated the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming. It then examined how households’ commercial pulse production improves their economic welfare. We used a dataset of 848 households collected from 2018 to 2019 to estimate the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming by the Heckman two-step model. The endogenous treatment regression (ETR) method was employed to examine the impact of commercial pulse farming on household economic welfare. The results showed that factors such as market purchase prices, agricultural technology services, farmers’ access to loans, and government subsidies promoted smallholders’ commercial pulse farming; production costs and perceptions of climate change risks constrained smallholders’ commercial pulse production. Overall, commercial pulse production has increased household farm income but there was a limited impact on household off-farm income. Our findings suggest that policies aiming to increase households’ cash crop production and market access could significantly improve the economic welfare of pulse farmers.     

西北地区提升农产品供给质量制约因素研究

本研究基于西北地区农产品供给质量评价指标体系,采用指标达标率、偏离度、制约度等变量对西北地区农产品供给质量提升的制约因子进行诊断。数据表明,西北五省区23个基础指标均存在不达标情况,宁夏、青海农产品供给质量有接近一半的指标达标率低于50%。深入研究制约因子发现,主体指标按制约度从高到低排序依次为营销、加工、种植和流通,基础指标制约因子主要分为3类,制约度由高到低依次为收入、供给主体和创新能力。据此,本研究针对性提出对策建议,以期为探索西北地区农产品供给质量提升路径提供借鉴。     

淮北灰驴mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及起源分析

为分析淮北灰驴遗传多样性与母系起源,从大群中随机选择10匹淮北灰驴,对其mtDNA D-loop区部分序列进行测序,与GenBank已公布的一些驴品种的mtDNA D-loop区序列进行比对分析,并探讨淮北灰驴的遗传多样性与母系起源。结果显示,在获得的407 bp D-loop碱基序列中,共检测出28处变异位点,8处碱基对的转换以及1处颠换,其核苷酸多样性（Pi）为0.021 95,单倍型多样性（Hd）为0.778,平均核苷酸差异（K）为8.911,显示淮北灰驴较为丰富的遗传多样性。从D-loop区核苷酸序列的5种单倍型分析,发现淮北灰驴可能有2个母系起源,遗传距离表明,淮北灰驴与克罗地亚家驴之间的遗传距离较近。研究结果从分子水平上为淮北灰驴的遗传资源保护和开发利用提供了参考。     

黄土区土坎植被群落草本优势种的种间关联性研究

以黄土区典型土坎植被群落为研究对象,筛选25种草本优势种,采用方差比率法,结合χ²检验、联结系数AC、共同出现百分率PC和Spearman秩相关分析方法,分析25个草本优势种的种间关系,为重力侵蚀治理、固沟保塬的植物配置提供理论支撑和技术依据。结果表明:1）方差比率法的检验结果表明,25个草本优势种总体上种间关系呈现显著正关联;2）χ²检验结果表明,正关联种对数（163）高于负关联种对数（135）,且显著关联的种对数占总种对数的6.67%;3）大部分种对间联结系数AC和共同出现百分率PC都不高,种对间的相关性较弱,联结关系松散,群落仍处于长期的发展过程中;4）根据Spearman秩相关系数对25个优势种进行聚类分析,可将其划分为5个生态种组。     

基于EDEM数值模拟的沙棘滚筒筛设计

为解决沙棘浆果中含有杂质,导致浆果筛分含杂较高的问题,设计三层结构滚筒筛装置,并确定振动电机、减震弹簧等关键部件参数。其激振力为7 644 N,功率为3.24 kW,减震弹簧刚度8 047.3 N/m。使用EDEM离散元软件对滚筒筛的转速、倾角进行模拟分析。模拟结果表明:当滚筒筛转速、倾角为38 r/min、8°时,其筛分效率、含杂率为84.2%、6.98%。以转速、倾角两个因素为自变量,筛分效率、含杂率为指标进行方差分析,当滚筒筛转速为38 r/min、倾角为8°时是最优参数组合解,且筛分效率、含杂率分别为82%、8.7%。实测值与仿真试验的筛分效率相差2.2%,含杂率的相差1.72%。     

基于感知价值的东北黑土区农户保护性耕作技术采用行为

为破解保护性耕作技术推广困局,本研究基于感知价值理论构建了农户保护性耕作技术采用行为模型,并运用结构方程模型对黑龙江省典型黑土区的733份农户调研数据展开实证研究。结果表明:农户保护性耕作技术采用感知价值是感知利益和感知风险权衡的结果,感知利益和感知风险对感知价值分别有正向和负向影响;感知利益和风险由多个维度构成,各维度感知利益和风险对总体感知利益和风险的影响程度分别为:感知经济利益感知生态利益感知社会利益;感知技术风险感知经济风险感知情境风险;感知利益、感知风险、感知价值与技术采用意愿和行为存在直接和间接的影响关系,感知利益对感知价值和技术采用意愿的影响感知风险对二者的影响,但感知风险对感知行为的影响感知利益对其的影响。鉴于此,从提升农户保护性耕作技术采用利益感知和降低风险感知的角度提出建议,引导东北黑土区农户采用保护性耕作技术。     

经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响

为探究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全的影响,基于2000—2018年中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港澳台地区)的面板数据,采用PVAR模型,研究经济政策不确定性对中国粮食供给安全、获取安全、稳定性安全和资源安全的影响及区域差异。结果表明:1)总体上,经济政策不确定性对中国粮食安全具有负向影响。2)分区域看,粮食主产区的供给安全受经济政策不确定性负向影响最大,粮食主销区的获取安全受经济政策不确定性冲击最为明显,经济政策不确定性对粮食产销平衡区的冲击最小。3)从粮食安全衡量维度看,经济政策不确定性对供给安全、获取安全和资源安全具有抑制影响,对稳定性安全呈现正向冲击作用。为确保粮食安全,中国应继续加强对粮食生产政策支持、稳定国内粮食价格和健全保障粮食安全的制度机制。     

三江源地区1961−2019年降水量时空变化特征

利用三江源地区13个气象站1961?2019年共59年的降水量资料,基于一元线性回归、滑动平均法、气候倾向率和重标极差分析等方法,研究源区降水量的时空演变规律和未来变化趋势.结果表明:三江源地区年均降水量为470.7?mm,并以10.31?mm·10?a?1的速率增加.黄河源区春季降水量最大,其余三季以澜沧江源区最高,...     

东海浮游异足类环境适应分析

根据1997~2000年东海23°30′~33°00′N、118°30′~128°00′E海域4个季节海洋调查资料,采用浮游异足类物种丰度和同步的温、盐度数据拟合曲线,构建数学模型,计算物种分布的最适温度和盐度值。同时根据以往对异足类生态特征分析的结论,划分东海浮游异足类各物种的生态类型。结果表明,塔明螺(Atlanta turriculata)和拟翼管螺(Firoloi-da desmaresti)分布在外海,具有高温、高盐的适应特征,是热带大洋种。其他为亚热带外海种,其中玫瑰明螺(Atlantarosea)具广温种特征,明螺(Atlanta peroni)适温偏低,有广盐种的特征,大口明螺(Atlanta lesueuri)分布在盐度较高的水域,扁明螺(Atlanta depressa)具有近海种特征。东海浮游异足类总体上属于典型的暖水性生态类型,温、盐适应范围较窄,对水温和盐度敏感,是较好的指示种。东海浮游异足类主要分布在28°00′~30°00′N,124°00′~126°00′E的海域,绝大多数物种难以逾越冷水水团的阻隔,这是浮游异足类很少在黄渤海出现的主要原因之一。浮游异足类生态类型划分在古气象海洋学、海洋地质、海洋物理和海洋生物学的研究中具有重要的意义。