基因型与播期对长春冬小麦穗分化的影响

对不同基因型冬小麦在长春分期播种期穗分化的观察结果表明,冬小麦越冬前穗经时期与越冬存活率间 不同而有别,耐寒性较弱的品种以生长锥未伸长期越冬较安全;耐寒性强的品种越冬前处于生长锥伸长期可安全越冬,适播期较宽。穗分化结束日期因品种而不同,但同一品种不同播期间无差异。穗分化总日数与小区产量相关显著。     

热媒炉导热油使用状况分析

以中洛输油管道热媒炉导热油为例,分析了热媒炉导热油使用寿命缩短的主要原因是超高温运行、局部过热、无氮封、杂质较多等,指出应采取旁接流程、加设冷封阱隔绝空气、过滤和精制措施,以延长导热油使用年限。以三四年为一个使用周期计算,若将导热油延长一个使用周期,可节约100×10~4元。     

刍议优质两系杂交早稻组合的选育

根据现阶段育种和生产现状,提出了两系杂交早稻品质育种目标。针对垩白、直链淀粉含量等品质性状的遗传表现规律,探讨了两系杂交早稻品质改良的技术特点,并提出了加速实用型早熟优质两用核不育系选育、协调好优质与高产的关系、创建理想株型、针对不育系特点选择父本配组等育种对策     

玉米苗期根部比较转录组分析揭示耐盐性差异机制

以耐盐自交系郑58和盐敏感自交系昌7-2为材料,分析供试材料在无胁迫(CK)和200 mmol/L NaCl溶液胁迫下5 h的转录组数据。与无胁迫(CK)相比较,在郑58和昌7-2分别鉴定出390和421个上调、390和421个下调差异基因。对耐感材料间共同上调和郑58特有上调DEGs进行GO富集、REVIGO分析和KEGG富集分析以及重点通路分析结果表明：郑58和昌7-2间共同上调DEGs显著富集的条目包括对活性氧代谢过程的调节、内质网应激反应等GO条目;郑58特有上调显著富集含氧化合物的反应、对化学物质的反应等GO条目。共同上调DEGs仅在共单萜生物合成的代谢通路上显著富集;郑58特有上调DEGs在植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷生物合成等6个通路上显著富集。在植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷生物合成两个通路上分别有9和7个相关基因,耐盐自交系郑58上调的转录因子在MYB和NAC家族分布数量较多。植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷生物合成通路相关的基因以及MYB和NAC家族基因可能与玉米耐盐性密切相关。     

The effects of tank colours on the growth and survival of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis,Linnaeus 1758) hatchlings and juveniles

The effects of different tank colours (white, yellow sandy and black) on the growth, mortality and biomass production were studied for hatchling and early juvenile cuttlefish. For hatchlings, the use of different colour tanks did not promote differences in growth due to the higher variability (standard deviation) found in the white‐ and sand‐coloured tanks. Black tanks promoted the lowest and highest values for total mortality and biomass respectively. For juveniles, the use of different tank colours promoted different growth (P<0.05), but not mortality. Black tanks promoted the best results in terms of growth and biomass. The results obtained in the present study advise the use of black (or dark colour) tanks in the hatchling and early juvenile stages to reduce the standard deviations associated with growth, mortality and biomass production. This will contribute to minimize problems associated with slow and fast growers and competition.     

Conservation needs for the endangered New Zealand sea lion,Phocarctos hookeri

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Life cycle inference and phylogeny of Ortholinea labracis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Ortholineidae), a parasite of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei: Moronidae), in a Portuguese fish farm

Ortholinea labracis n. sp. is described and its life cycle is inferred from a Southern Portuguese fish farm, with basis on microscopic and molecular procedures. This myxosporean parasite infects the urinary bladder of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the intestinal epithelium of a marine oligochaete of the genus Tectidrilus. Myxospores subspherical in valvular view and ellipsoidal in sutural view measuring 7.6 ± 0.3 (6.8–8.7) μm in length, 7.2 ± 0.2 (6.7–7.7) μm in width and 6.5 ± 0.4 (5.8–7.7) μm in thickness. Two polar capsules, 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.6–3.4) μm long and 2.4 ± 0.1 (2.0–2.9) μm wide, located at the same level, but with divergent orientation and opening to opposite sides of the suture line. Sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene revealed a similarity of 100% between the analysed myxospores and triactinomyxon actinospores. The phylogenetic setting of O. labracis n. sp. shows subgrouping in correlation with tissue tropism, but identifies this parasite as another exception to the main division of Myxosporea into the main freshwater and marine lineages.     

Differences in early developmental rate and yolk conversion efficiency in offspring of trout with alternative life histories

Partial migration, in which some individuals of a population migrate while other individuals remain resident, is generally associated with ontogenetic shifts to better feeding areas or as a response to environmental instability, but its underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) exhibit partial migration, with some individuals remaining in freshwater (freshwater resident) while others undertake an anadromous migration, where they spend time at sea before returning to breed in freshwater (migrant). We reared full‐sibling groups of offspring from freshwater‐resident and anadromous brown trout from the same catchment in the laboratory under common garden conditions to examine potential differences in their early development. Freshwater‐resident parents produced eggs that were slower to hatch than those of anadromous parents, but freshwater‐resident offspring were quicker to absorb their yolk and reach the stage of exogenous feeding. Their offspring also had a higher conversion efficiency from the egg stage to the start of exogenous feeding (so were larger by the start of the fry stage) than did offspring from anadromous parents despite no difference in standard metabolic rate, maximal metabolic rate or aerobic scope. Given these differences in early development, we discuss how the migration history of the parents might influence the migration probability of the offspring.     

Status,ecology and conservation of an endemic fish,Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis,in Lake Baringo,Kenya

• 1. The tilapia Oreochromis niloticus baringoensis is a genetically and morphologically distinct sub‐species of Oreochromis niloticus endemic to Lake Baringo, Kenya. In recent years, concern has been expressed as to its status. Recent declines in catch returns suggest the population may be threatened, with conservation action required to safeguard it.
• 2. Catch returns from the Baringo fishery since 1964 have shown considerable fluctuations for all species, but especially O. n. baringoensis. From a peak of 712 t in 1970, their total catch was only 5 t in 2005, despite a 2 year period of closure in 2002 and 2003. Changes in fishery catch and relative abundance were independent of exploitation in the fishery but were significantly correlated with lake level.
• 3. Few individuals were captured at lengths >250 mm, with no fish sampled >284 mm. During periods of high lake level, individuals matured at smaller sizes and were capable of growing to larger ultimate sizes. With maturity at lengths <130 mm and fishery regulations preventing removal of fish <180 mm, there was a relatively large proportion of mature fish that was below exploitation size each year (19 to 44%). In most years, the proportion of fish available for exploitation was <10%.
• 4. Stable isotope analyses revealed O. n. baringoensis was reliant upon planktonic basal resources and zooplankton carbon. There was only minimal trophic overlap with other fish species in the lake, indicating little potential for competition for food resources.
• 5. These data suggest that the population status of O. n. baringoensis is not threatened per se, but subject to an unpredictable and unstable environment that strongly influences their life‐history traits and, ultimately, their population abundance, and should be managed accordingly.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of maternal size on larval characteristics of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus

The objective of this work was to study the relationship between female size (weight) and variables of egg and larval stage of Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus . In this study, 19 female breeders were captured in Caspian Sea and fertilized by routine methods. Positive significant correlations ( P <0.05) were established between female weight and ovulated eggs per female, time of second mitosis division and volume of yolk-sac at hatching. There was not significant correlation ( r =0.33, P =0.161) between female weight and egg diameter. Female weight was not affected weight of larvae at hatching time ( r =0.37, P =0.119), as well as larval length ( r =−0.14, P =0.558) and larval weight at the end of the experiment (48 hours after first feeding) ( r =0.16, P =0.491). Mortality rate during yolk-sac absorption was higher with increased female weight but their correlation was not significant ( r =0.40, P =0.076). During the first feeding stage, mortality rate was 13.39% and there was no significant correlation between mortality rate in this period and female weight ( r =−0.12, P =0.613). Conclusively, as a result female size influenced fecundity, time of second mitosis division and yolk-sac volume at hatching time without affecting mortality rate during yolk-sac absorption and first feeding stage in Persian sturgeon. Thus, smaller female broods do not cause more mortality than larger ones in larval production and they can be used in reproduction procedure.