Identification of sorghum genotypes suitable for specific end uses: Semolina recovery and popping

There has always been an interest in devising breeding programs for designer foods that would benefit both the producer and consumer. The challenge today is transformation of agriculture from “subsistence farming” to “market and income generation oriented” production system for which sorghum with its diverse end uses can assume significant role. Breeding for end-use identity-specific genotypes is needed for increased profitability to the farmers. In the present study, 60 sorghum genotypes were evaluated over two years to identify genotypes suitable for semolina recovery and popping properties, i.e. popping efficiency and pop volume expansion. Semolina recovery ranged from 20.7% to 48.3%, while popping efficiency ranged from 0 to 77.5%. Semolina recovery had positive and significant association with endosperm texture (r = 0.62), grain density (r = 0.49) and grain hardness (r = 0.55) indicating that genotypes with corneous endosperm yield high semolina. Also, semolina recovery had significant positive correlation with popping efficiency (r = 0.49) indicating that genotypes suitable for semolina can also be used for popping. Genetic divergence studies indicated that out of three clusters formed, cluster II having guinea race germplasm lines are suitable for semolina and popping. The information generated and the genotypes identified will help in enhancing the demand for sorghum as an industrial crop.     

Effect of eleutheroside B/E on proliferation and expression of PPARγ and TGF-β1 in HBZY-1 cells cultured with high glucose

AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of eleutheroside (ETS) B or E on the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells treated with high glucose. METHODS: The HBZY-1 cells were cultured under high glucose condition. The 4th generation of HBZY-1 cells was used for determining the optimal cell density, which was consistent with the growth regulation curve of the cells. The cells were divided into 6 groups: low glucose (LG) group, high glucose (HG) group, high glucose plus ETS-B/E (low dose, medium dose and high dose) groups, and high glucose plus losartan (LTG) group. After all cells were treated with the corresponding drugs at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, the inhibitory rate of the proliferation was measured, and the expression of TGF-β1 and PPARγ was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: The best cell density was 2 000 cells/well, which was complied with the basic rules of the cell growth, and high glucose significantly promoted the HBZY-1 cell proliferation. At each time point, the inhibitory effects of ETS-B/E were significantly different between HG group and LTG group on the proliferation of the HBZY-1 cells (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly inhibited, and the expression of PPARγ was significantly promoted by ETS-B/E (P<0.05). ETS-E showed stronger effect than ETS-B (P<0.05) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: ETS-B/E significantly inhibits the proliferation of HBZY-1 cells under high glucose condition by decreasing TGF-β1 expression and promoting PPARγ expression.     

一株可裂解耐黏菌素大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及全基因组分析

为研究耐黏菌素大肠杆菌的噬菌体治疗方法,本研究以耐黏菌素大肠杆菌为宿主菌,采用双层琼脂平板法从山东烟台某养鸡场污水样中分离纯化得到裂解性噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2。通过透射电镜观察,最佳感染复数,一步生长曲线,温度稳定性,酸碱度稳定性等生物学特性测定,并对其进行全基因组测序分析。结果表明：1）噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2噬菌斑呈现透亮,外周无晕圈,形态学观察显示其具有可伸缩性尾鞘。2）生物学特性分析表明,噬菌体最佳感染复数为0.1,潜伏期为50 min,爆发期为40 min,爆发量为（331±9）PFU/cell。在温度4～40℃,pH为4～12的环境下,噬菌体活性较为稳定。3）通过噬菌体全基因组测序及核酸类型鉴定显示,该噬菌体基因组全长为74 752 bp,双链DNA,GC含量42.1%。在噬菌体基因组中共鉴定出121个编码蛋白（CDS）,包括结构组成、DNA代谢与复制和包装以及细菌裂解相关的功能基因,发现一个tRNA基因,且未检测到如stx-1等致病性基因和mcr-1等耐药基因相关的基因。综上,噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2裂解谱较宽,具有良好的酸碱性、热稳定性以及安全...     

Protective effects of selenium and vitamin E on rats consuming maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins

Protective effects of antioxidant additives of selenium and vitamin E on rats that consumed maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins were explored in this paper. Thirty-two Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group was given the basic diet with normal maize. The contaminated maize group was given the diet in which normal maize was replaced by mycotoxin-contaminated maize. The selenium group and vitamin E group were respectively fed mycotoxincontaminated diet supplemented with 0.4mg · kg⁻¹ selenium from yeast or 100 mg · kg⁻¹ vitamin E. The trial lasted for 4 weeks. Compared with the control group, antioxidative status was decreased significantly in the contaminated maize group. However, the status in the selenium group and vitamin E group was increased significantly compared with the contaminated maize group. The activities of enzymes related to liver function were significantly higher in the contaminated maize group than those in the control group, whereas they were significantly lower in the selenium group and/or the vitamin E group compared to the contaminated maize group. It is concluded that selenium and vitamin E were able to alleviate oxidative stress and liver function damage due to the consumption of maize naturally contaminated with mycotoxins.     

鸡巨型艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离及雏鸡扩增试验

采用饱和食盐水漂浮法收集就诊病死球虫阳性鸡小肠中段内容物中的球虫卵囊,恒温培养至孢子化后,用2%琼脂薄板进行球虫单卵囊分离,分别感染7只5日龄雏鸡,对据形态学鉴定为巨型艾美耳球虫的分离株进行2代单卵囊分离和雏鸡感染,取其后代以每只1.0×10⁴个卵囊感染10只10日龄雏鸡进行卵囊扩增,获得大量纯种巨型艾美耳球虫卵囊。结果表明,刀片切割琼脂薄板单卵囊分离法操作简便,单卵囊感染成功率较高,准确率达100%,适用于纯种卵囊的分离与扩增。     

黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用的研究

通过体外和体内两种方法研究黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用.通过体外抑菌作用测定黄芩水煎液对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为2.5g/ml;体内抑菌作用通过对7日龄雏鸡的攻毒与治疗试验来研究,体内治疗药物浓度5g/ml可使90%以上雏鸡获得保护,10g/ml可使100%雏鸡获得保护.以上说明黄芩可以对抗鸡大肠杆菌,可以防治鸡的大肠杆菌病.     

三种质粒DNA对不同大肠杆菌菌株转化率的比较

将重组ＤＮＡ导入细菌细胞是分子克隆的中心工作之一．转化率的高低直接关系到实验成败．使用３种质粒ｐＢＲ３２２、ｐｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ和ｐＵＣ１８，对３种大肠杆菌菌株进行转化，比较转化率，推荐使用１００ｍｍｌ／ＬＣａＣｌ２，ｐＨ６～８和４℃１２ｈ作为转化的优选条件。     

某牛场犊牛大肠杆菌病的实验室诊断与药敏试验

2018年3月份,黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某规模化奶牛场发生犊牛腹泻,为了确诊其病因,无菌采取10头腹泻犊牛粪便进行细菌分离鉴定、生化试验、PCR鉴定和药敏试验等。生化结果表明:符合大肠杆菌生化特性;PCR结果表明:引物能有效扩增大肠杆菌OmpA、K99、Sta、irp2、FyuA基因;药敏结果表明:大肠杆菌对恩诺沙星、左氟沙星、头孢曲松高度敏感;10头犊牛均为大肠杆菌感染,本研究为该牛场犊牛腹泻的病因分析和防治提供了指导。     

产enterocin E5细菌素粪肠球菌发酵条件的优化

采用琼脂扩散法测定粪肠球菌发酵上清液对大肠埃希菌K88的抑菌活性,从而确定产enterocin E5细菌素粪肠球菌的发酵条件。结果表明,粪肠球菌E5产细菌素的发酵培养基为MRS培养基,最适温度为37℃,最适起始pH值6.5,最佳接种量2%,种龄14 h,发酵时间16 h,最佳培养基组分氮源为1%胰蛋白胨、0.5%酵母浸粉,最佳碳源为1%葡萄糖、0.5%蔗糖,0.1%Tween-80有利于enterocin E5的产生。这是分离自北京优良商品猪黑六产enterocin E5粪肠球菌的首次报道。     

和缓艾美耳球虫(Eimeria mitis)研究进展

本文回顾了和缓艾美耳球虫（Eimeria mitis）自发现以来，人们对其所进行一般生物学特点、致病性、免疫原性以及弱毒虫株的培育等相关研究和进展，以期对它有较全面的认识。