奶牛附红细胞体和伊氏锥虫二重PCR诊断方法的建立

为建立奶牛附红细胞体和伊氏锥虫两种病原诊断方法并探索二者之间在奶牛感染中的关系,本研究针对两病原分别设计两对特异性引物,建立了奶牛附红细胞体和伊氏锥虫感染的二重PCR诊断方法,其扩增片段大小分别为415bp和237bp。敏感性试验和特异性试验表明,附红细胞体和伊氏锥虫的DNA的最低检测量为0.154pg和0.105pg;与猪肺炎支原体、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、鸡艾美耳球虫、牛双芽巴贝斯虫无交叉反应。35份临床血样检测结果为:奶牛附红细胞体阳性率22.89%,伊氏锥虫阳性率8.89%,其中共感染率为2.89%。临床试验表明,该方法可用于奶牛附红细胞体和伊氏锥虫的诊断,特别适用于早期诊断。     

4味中药及其与抗菌药的复方制剂的MIC测定

用改进的试管两倍稀释法测定了黄连、鱼腥草、大青叶和苦参4味中药及其相互配伍（1：1）对标准大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和4味中药与抗菌药配伍（1000：1）对临床分离鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度。结果表明，4味中药及其相互配伍对大肠杆菌标准株有一定的抑制作用，其MIC值介于3．91—62．50mg／mL之间，其中大青叶和鱼腥草以1：l配伍对大肠杆菌抑菌效果最好，MIC为3．91mg／mL；对临床分离株，单方药中黄连抑菌效果最好，MIC为31．25mg／mL，24种复方药中，黄连和盐酸多西环素或加替沙星以1000：1配伍的抑菌效果最好，其MIC为3．91mg／mL。     

Evaluation of aspect of some oxidative stress parameters using vitamin E, proanthocyanidin and N-acetylcysteine against exposure to cyfluthrin in mice

A hundred and sixty female white mice, each weighing 35-40 g, were used in this study. The animals were assigned into eight groups as one control group and 7 experimental groups. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC), proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone, at doses of 100 mg/kg/body weight/day by intra-peritoneal, oral route and, intramuscular, respectively. Group 5 was administered a single dose of cyfluthrin (100 mg g/kg/body weight ∼1/3LD₅₀) by oral, whereas Groups 6, 7 and 8 were given cyfluthrin+NAC, cyfluthrin+proanthocyanidin and cyfluthrin+vitamin E, at the same dose, respectively. The administration of the drugs was initiated following the administration of cyfluthrin, and continued until the end of the seventh day of the study. Blood samples were collected from each group, 24 h, and 3, 7 and 9 days after the administration of cyfluthrin for the assessment of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. According to the data obtained, compared to the control group, increase in the plasma MDA level of the group administered cyfluthrin alone, and decrease in erythrocyte SOD activities in some periods and CAT activities in all periods were determined. On the other hand, especially, MDA levels and CAT activities were observed to move closer to values of the control group, in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E in addition to cyfluthrin. In other words, in most periods, decrease in plasma MDA levels, and increase in erythrocyte CAT and SOD activities were observed in comparison to the group administered cyfluthrin alone. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant differences to exist between the groups on the third, seventh and ninth days with respect to plasma MDA levels, and the third and ninth days with respect to erythrocyte SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05). However no significant difference was demonstrated in any of the periods in the groups that were administered NAC, proanthocyanidin and vitamin E alone in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05). In view of the parameters examined, animals were concluded to be affected by cyfluthrin and the administration of the three compounds at the indicated doses and for the indicated periods were considered to alleviate the adverse effects of cyfluthrin partly throughout the study period.     

猪附红细胞体PCR-微孔板杂交-酶免疫检测方法的研究

以猪附红细胞体和多种血营养菌16S rRNA基因的保守区设计合成引物HM-f/HM-r,在反向引物的5′端用生物素标记,以猪附红细胞体广东株16S rRNA基因的可变区序列设计种特异性寡核苷酸探针,探针的5′端用地高辛标记,成功地建立了猪附红细胞体PCR-微孔板杂交-酶免疫检测方法。通过测定不同浓度PCR产物对应的微孔板杂交-酶反应显色OD值,用SPSS统计软件进行回归分析,得到回归方程为y=2.1012-0.4492×logx,其相关系数R为0.977,显示对未知样品可进行定量检测。该方法与猪的多种细菌性病原、猫血巴尔通氏体CA株和E.wenyonii无交叉反应,其敏感性比常规PCR琼脂糖电泳检测提高了近100倍。用建立的方法对38份临床样品进行检测,结果有12份检测结果为阳性。     

VE在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用

为探讨ＶＥ在硒缺乏动物自由基代谢中的作用及添加ＶＥ对自由基代谢的影响,本试验采用低硒（低于１０－９）、补ＶＥ（１０－４）日粮饲喂小鼠,并对动物增重,血液、肝组织内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）及自由基（ＦＲｓ）水平进行了系统检测。试验发现,添加ＶＥ除可阻止缺硒所致的动物生长迟缓外,还可明显降低相关组织内ＭＤＡ的含量,但它并不直接影响Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力。试验结果表明,ＶＥ主要通过对机体脂质过氧化反应的抑制作用及其对自由基所致膜结构损伤的修复而参与机体自由基代谢,在硒缺乏状态下,它能与硒协同作用而影响病程发展和疾病转归。     

大肠杆菌内毒素多克隆抗体的制备与纯化

为制备大肠杆菌内毒素多克隆抗体,应用大肠杆菌内毒素作为抗原免疫5周龄家兔,辛酸-硫酸铵法和葡聚糖凝胶层析法分离提纯抗血清,十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)电泳方法鉴定多抗纯度,紫外分光光度计测定抗体蛋白含量,ELISA法检测抗血清效价与交叉反应;大肠杆菌内毒素抗体含量和效价分别为6.95mg/ml和1:12800;成功制备出抗大肠杆菌内毒素多克隆抗体,为大肠杆菌内毒素病诊断试剂盒的研制奠定基础。     

日粮中添加不同水平的维生素E对小白牛肉贮存期间滴水损失率和TBA值的影响

本试验考察了饲料中添加维生素E(VE)对小白牛肉(中国荷斯坦公犊牛)贮存期间滴水损失率和TBA值的影响。试验选取16头小白牛,按体重随机分为4组,每组4头。在屠宰前30d每天添加不同水平的VE,添加水平分别为0mg/d、500mg/d、800mg/d和2 000mg/d。屠宰后将牛肉贮存14d。贮存期间选取滴水损失率和TBA值作为肉品质的考察依据。结果表明:随着贮存时间的延长,各组牛肉滴水损失率增加,而不同添加水平间差异不显著(P>0.05)。TBA值随时间延长而升高,从第4天开始,VE0组和VE500组,与VE800组和VE2000组之间差异显著(P>0.05),VE0组与VE500组,VE800与VE2000组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。表明饲料中添加VE800mg/d可使小白牛肉有很好的抗氧化效果。     

仔猪水肿病的诊断和防制

应用微生物学方法从患病猪分离病原菌，根据病原菌的形态染色特性、培养特性和生化特性，以及动物试验、血清学验、病毒检测，最后确诊为由大肠埃希氏菌引起的仔猪水肿。用自制的仔猪水肿病多价油乳剂灭活疫苗进行预防，取得了良好的临床效果。     

维生素A、E对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

将 2 8只繁殖獭兔随机均分 2组 ,基础日粮相同 ,但试验组在配种前 3天妊娠第 7天于日粮中添加VA8mg/kg、VE10 0mg/kg。结果与对照组相比 :试验组产活仔数提高了 2 0 2 3 %(P <0 0 5 ) ,育成率提高了 6 5 8%(P <0 0 5 ) ,增重速度提高 7 11%(P <0 0 5 )。     

木粉/PVC复合材料挤出流动性的影响因素

研究木粉的粒径、添加剂的种类及配比等因素,对木塑复合材料挤出流动性的影响.结果表明:木粉粒径越小,复合物料在挤出过程中的流动性能越差,所制备的木塑复合材料色差越大,且产品材色越深.综合考虑加工特性和制品材色,宜选用木粉粒径45～60目；并添加稀土热稳定剂及铝酸酯偶联剂,可以提高物料的挤出流动性.