包膜甜菜碱与有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响

旨在研究包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物对夏季奶牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响。选择年龄、胎次、泌乳时间和产奶量相近100头泌乳牛,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组50头,对照组饲喂原奶牛场配方日粮,试验组在每天早晨TMR日粮中添加50 g/d包膜甜菜碱和有机铬复合物。结果:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛采食量显著提高(P<0.05),牛奶中体细胞含量显著降低(P<0.05);奶牛乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著提高(P<0.05);磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)含量显著降低(P<0.01),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量有上升趋势,丙二醛(MDA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量有下降趋势,但差异均不显著。试验表明包膜甜菜碱和有机铬具有提高热应激期奶牛采食量、促进代谢和蛋白质合成、缓解奶牛热应激的作用。     

紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量碳与水溶性有机碳变化特征

为了研究湖南省衡阳市紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中土壤微生物生物量碳（SMBC）与水溶性有机碳（SWSOC）的变化特征。采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,选用立地条件基本相似的草坡阶段（GT）、草灌阶段（MT）、灌丛阶段（FX）、灌乔阶段（FA）、乔木阶段（AR）和顶极阶段（TV）,通过调查取样和试验分析,对不同恢复阶段的0~10,10~20和20~40 cm土层土壤的SMBC、土壤微生物熵（SMQ）、SWSOC、水溶性有机碳与土壤有机碳的比值（SWSOC/SOC）、土壤基础呼吸（SBR）的变化规律以及他们与土壤理化性质的关系进行了研究。结果表明：SMBC和SBR随着土层深度的增加而减小,随着恢复的进行而增加;SMQ随着土层深度的增加和恢复进行而增加;在不同的恢复阶段,SWSOC均随着土层深度的增加而减小,在0~10 cm土层,SWSOC随着恢复的进行而增加,在10~20和20~40 cm土层,SWSOC随着恢复的进行先增后减;SWSOC/SOC随着土层深度的增加而增加,随着恢复的进行而减小;SMBC,SMQ,SWSOC,SBR均与土壤理化性质存在密切的相关性。研究表明,植被恢复有利于土壤质量的提高和土壤有机碳库的累积。     

陇中黄土高原不同草田轮作模式土壤碳组分的差异研究

通过田间定位试验,研究黄土高原西部旱农区多年生苜蓿草地(L-L)及苜蓿耕翻轮作处理苜蓿-休闲(L-F)、苜蓿-小麦(L-W)、苜蓿-玉米(L-C)、苜蓿-马铃薯(L-P)、苜蓿-谷子(L-M)对土壤总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(ROC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)及重组有机碳(HFOC)的影响。结果表明,在0200 cm土层,不同轮作模式下土壤总有机碳含量及土壤各有机碳组分均表现为随土层加深呈波动下降趋势,其中TOC、ROC、HFOC含量最高值和最低值分别出现在苜蓿连作表层(05 cm) 和苜蓿轮作(小麦)中层(3050 cm) ,LFOC最高值和最低值分别出现在苜蓿轮作(马铃薯)表层(05 cm)和苜蓿轮作(玉米)底层(170200 cm)。与苜蓿连作模式相比,苜蓿轮作(小麦、玉米、马铃薯、谷子)会降低TOC、ROC、HFOC含量,增加LFOC含量,其中TOC含量分别降低17.44%,9.25%,18.40%和9.34%;ROC含量分别降低28.10%,8.52%,29.75%和23.17%;HFOC含量分别降低18.80%,10.06%,20.53%和12.50%;LFOC分别增加7.41%,5.56%,22.22%和57.41%。可见,苜蓿种植多年耕翻轮作粮食作物后降低了土壤总有机碳水平,且对有机碳各组分的影响存在显著差异。     

Partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 sampled via an intranasal catheter as a substitute for partial pressure of arterial CO2 in dogs

Objective: To demonstrate correlation and clinical usefulness of the partial pressure of end‐tidal CO₂ (ETCO₂) measurement by nasal catheter placement in sedated dogs with and without concurrent nasal oxygen administration as a substitute for partial pressure of arterial CO₂ (PaCO₂). Design: Prospective, cross‐over trial. Setting: University of Saskatchewan veterinary research laboratory. Animals: Six cross‐breed dogs with a mean (±SD) weight of 29.1±4.03 kg. Interventions: All dogs were sedated with 5 μg/kg medetomidine intravenously (IV) and an arterial catheter was placed in a dorsal pedal artery for removal of blood for gas analysis. A nasal catheter was placed in the ventral meatus and connected to a capnometer for ETCO₂ measurements in all dogs. Dogs receiving supplemental nasal oxygen had a second nasal catheter placed in the contralateral naris. Measurements and main results: In the group without nasal oxygen supplementation, the ETCO₂ measurement underestimated (negative bias) the PaCO₂ by ?2.20 mmHg with limits of agreement (95% confidence interval) of ?5.79, 1.39 mmHg. In the group receiving oxygen supplementation, ETCO₂ measurement underestimated (negative bias) the PaCO₂ by ?2.46 mmHg with limits of agreement (95% confidence interval) of ?8.42, 3.50 mmHg. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that ETCO₂ monitoring via a nasal catheter provides a clinically acceptable substitute to arterial blood gas analysis as a means of monitoring ventilation in healthy, sedated dogs. The limits of agreement were within acceptable limits with and without concurrent insufflation of oxygen.     

不同地区取样点土壤中木质素降解优势菌株的筛选及生长特性比较

本试验旨在研究基于不同地区取样点土壤成分条件下,木质素降解菌的生长特性,并为筛选出降解农作物秸秆中木质素的优势菌奠定基础.通过对扬州、南京、临沂、潍坊和连云港地区5个取样点的土壤成分测定,并利用选择培养基和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)-RB亮蓝与PDA-Bavendamm平板显色反应鉴定不同土壤中木质素降解菌生长量及其木质素降解酶特性,依据各取样点菌株的生长特性最终选择优势菌株.结果表明,扬州取样点土壤中木质素降解菌密度[(5.67±0.58) 105g-1]极显著高于另外4个取样点(P＜0.01),所获得的木质素降解菌的产酶特性亦优于其他取样点.可知,5个取样点土壤中木质素降解菌密度存在明显差异,并与土壤中总有机碳含量呈强正相关(r=0.84,P＜0.01).     

放牧管理模式对高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量特征的影响

为探讨不同放牧管理模式高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量特征的变化,对青藏高原东缘禁牧(NG)、全生长季休牧(RG)、传统放牧(TG)和连续放牧(CG)4种放牧管理模式高寒草甸地上植被、地表凋落物、根系和土壤有机碳、氮储量进行测定和分析。结果表明,1)NG、RG和TG较CG显著提高了土壤、根系、植被和凋落物有机碳、氮储量。2)高寒草甸生态系统中,土壤有机碳储量所占比例最大(88.859%~98.242%),其次为根系(1.563%~8.742%),再次为植被(0.172%~1.430%),最小为凋落物(0.022%~0.969%);氮储量所占比例最大的是土壤(97.331%~99.633%),其次为根系(0.316%~2.071%),再次为植被(0.047%~0.442%),凋落物最小(0.003%~0.157%)。3)不同放牧管理模式土壤有机碳、氮储量具有明显的垂直分布特征,随土壤深度的增加土壤有机碳、氮储量明显降低。为期4年不同放牧模式仅对0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳、氮储量有影响。4)土壤有机碳、氮储量主要分布在0~40 cm土层,同时,放牧有使有机碳、氮向深层转移的趋势。5)NG、RG和TG显著提高了高寒草甸生态系统总有机碳、氮储量,而CG显著降低了总有机碳、氮储量,导致有机碳、氮的流失。禁牧和季节性休牧能有效增加青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生态系统有机碳、氮储量,实现碳、氮增汇的目的,是该区和类似区域草地放牧管理的重要模式。     

铜的来源和水平对生长猪生长性能禾粪铜排出量的影响

选用平均体重29．6kg的三元杂（杜×大×长）生长猪144头，按随机区组设计分为6个处理。饲粮中分别添加0、100、200mg／kg硫酸铜、200mg／kg碱式氯化铜、100mg／kg小肽铜、100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜（以铜含量计）。结果表明：100mg／kg小肽铜和100mg／kg复合氨基酸螯合铜均能有效提高生长猪日增重和日采食量，其促生长效果与200mg／kg硫酸铜无显著（P〉0．05）差异，而粪中铜含量分别下降了36．8％和48．4％（P〈0．05）。     

兰州市黄河风情线行道树柳树穴土壤有机质及盐碱特征

采集黄河风情线沿岸行道树柳树穴土壤,研究其有机质、全盐、pH等理化性质,以摸清园林绿地土壤的基本性状。结果表明,土壤有机质在表层土壤含量较高,深层土壤有机质含量相对较低;北滨河路中山桥一龙源段有机质平均含量最高,银滩桥一南滨河路秀川桥段有机质平均含量最低;土壤全盐含量绝大多数处于较低的水平,对种植植物不会产生盐害作用,60～80cm土层有全盐含量较高的现象,即为盐渍化土壤;土壤pH全部是碱性和强碱性土壤。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.