维生素A在泌乳奶牛消化道内的动态变化研究

选择3头条件一致的荷斯坦奶牛,安装永久性的瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管,用Co-ETDA做标记物。采用3×3拉丁方设计研究了不同维生素A添加水平对奶牛瘤胃、十二指肠、回肠和血液中维生素A浓度的影响,以及维生素A在小肠中的吸收情况,研究结果表明：瘤胃、十二指肠、回肠和血液中维生素A浓度随着维生素A剂量增加而极显著上升（P〈0.01）,其中回肠末端维生素A浓度上升的幅度随着添加剂量的增加而加大,其余三者中维生素A浓度上升的幅度随着添加剂量的增加而逐步降低。小肠中维生素A的吸收量随着维生素A剂量的增加而极显著上升（P〈0.01）,但上升的幅度随着添加剂量的增加而逐步降低。     

猪胎及仔猪消化道发育的研究进展

猪消化道发育的情况直接影响了营养物质的消化吸收与利用,因而找出其发育规律能更好的指导仔猪的饲养管理。本文综述了猪从胚胎到断奶以后消化道组织器官、消化腺分泌、肠道吸收能力的发育情况,为合理配制仔猪日粮及饲养管理等方面提供依据。     

长沙生态动物园野生动物消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解长沙生态动物园动物感染的寄生虫种类及感染情况,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和沉淀法检查了57种动物的粪样。结果表明:长沙生态动物园动物寄生虫感染率为52.63%,其中食草类动物和灵长类动物阳性率为50%,食肉类动物感染率最高,感染率达76.9%。动物园动物常见感染的寄生虫有球虫、吸虫、线虫、绦虫等,其中线虫感染率最高。     

Tracheal Endoscopic and Cytological Findings and Blood Examination Results in Thoroughbred Racehorses Suspected to have Lower Respiratory Tract Disease

Cytology of tracheal aspirates, tracheal endoscopic and blood tests were carried out to 86 Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which were suspected to have lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) to assess the conditions of the disorders. Racehorses were classified into coughing (66 horses) and non-coughing (20 horses) groups based on clinical symptoms. Nine Thoroughbred racehorses without respiratory abnormality were used as controls. Assessment of grades of airway mucus, cytology of tracheal aspirates and serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen (Fbg) and pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) measurements were performed. Relationships between age, gender and racing careers were also investigated to understand the characteristics of LRTD in racehorses. Mean age was significantly higher in non-coughing group compared to coughing group. Existence of racing career and number of starts were significantly greater in non-coughing group compared to coughing group. On the other hand, grades of airway mucus were significantly higher in coughing group compared to control group. Percentages of neutrophils in tracheal aspirates were significantly higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and control groups. SAA, Fbg and SP-D were higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and control groups indicating that condition of coughing group is in the acute phase. Positive rate of inflammatory airway disease was significantly higher in coughing and non-coughing groups compared to control group. It was concluded that carrying out comprehensive evaluation including investigation on SAA, Fbg and SP-D analysis with airway assessment to Thoroughbred racehorses which were suspected to have LRTD are useful procedure to understand the pathological condition which aid to initiate appropriate treatment, prognosis judgment or to advise trainers to consider altering training regimen.     

肠道微生物区系对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的调节作用研究进展

断奶仔猪肠道中定植了大量微生物,这些微生物及其代谢产物可参与断奶仔猪的肠道黏膜免疫过程。肠道微生物对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫的调节机制主要是通过TLRs和NLRs通路分子分别发生作用。本文对肠道黏膜免疫的特点及断奶仔猪肠道微生物区系的组成进行了综述,并深入探讨了肠道微生物对断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的调节作用,以及肠道微生物对肠道黏膜免疫系统调控的潜在机制,旨在为进一步利用断奶仔猪肠道黏膜免疫维持机体健康的相关研究提供参考。     

通过测定生殖道黏液导电性确定小尾寒羊配种时机的观察研究

通过使用羊排卵测定仪准确掌握不同繁殖期小尾寒羊的排卵期,旨在有效提高母羊的受孕率。选择1.5~3.5周岁和4~6周岁小尾寒羊空怀期繁殖母羊各30只,利用羊排卵测定仪测定发情期内母羊生殖道黏液电阻值,研究其变化规律,发现1.5~3.5周岁母羊组发情持续时间较短,电阻值下降和上升均较快;而4~6周岁母羊组发情持续时间较长,电阻值下降较快但其上升曲线较为曲折。比较处于不同阴道黏液电阻值范围的母羊人工授精后的受孕率发现,4~6周岁的羊群组比1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组可受孕范围宽,但1.5~3.5周岁的羊群组在可受孕电阻值范围内受孕率明显高于4~6周岁的羊群组。该研究结果提示,不同年龄小尾寒羊母羊阴道黏液电阻值变化幅度不同,发情周期内电阻值下降到最低点后再上升时期为小尾寒羊的排卵期,适宜配种,该时期为母羊配种受孕率高。     

呼吸道感染牛分枝杆菌对肝脏和肠道影响的病理组织学观察

为了对牛结核分支杆菌引起的牛消化道如肝、肠道的病理变化进行研究。本试验采用滴鼻吸入的方式感染犊牛,七个月后进行剖检和显微镜下的病理组织学观察。结果发现,肝脏可观察到肉芽肿结节,中心为干酪样坏死或者钙化,外周为上皮样细胞和郎罕氏细胞,最外层是淋巴细胞和成纤维细胞;肠道病变不明显,多为局灶性炎性细胞聚集。此次试验可为牛分枝杆菌对消化道的影响提供参考。