Fermented liquid feed and fermented grain to piglets- effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance

A study was carried out to determine the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grain, and fermented liquid compound feed, and their effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance of piglets. Three dietary treatments were designed: dry feed (DRY); fermented liquid cereal grain feed (FLG); and fermented liquid feed (FLF). The FLF was prepared by removing three times daily 50% of the mixture (feed and water) stored in a tank at 20 °C and replacing it with an equal amount of fresh feed and water. The FLG was similarly prepared but fermenting only the cereals (barley and wheat) and adding the remaining ingredients immediately before feeding. One hundred and twenty weaners were fed the diets during 6 weeks from weaning. The dietary content of lysine (g/100 g protein) was 6.01 in the DRY diet, 6.21 in the FLG diet, and 5.46 in the FLF diet. Feeding piglets with the FLG diet resulted in a higher density of yeasts, a higher concentration of ethanol in the GIT, and a change of the bacterial population of the stomach compared to feeding FLF. The FLG group had a numerically higher daily feed intake and daily body weight gain compared to the FLF group, but the values were not significant. Feeding liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grains as a means of avoiding microbial degradation of free amino acids in the feed and increasing feed intake by improving palatability seems promising.     

兽用常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗的研究进展

常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗对预防畜禽疾病具有重要作用，对它的研究越来越多，尤其是耐热冻干保护剂。作者对耐热冻干保护剂的组成、作用机制、效能及畜禽疫病中的应用进行了介绍。     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响

为研究日粮中添加外源性纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响,选取20日龄30只健康的波尔山羊羔羊,分为对照(组不添加酶制剂)和试验组(添加纤维素复合酶-格林酶,0.2%)。分别在羔羊的2、3月龄和4月龄进行体重和体尺的测量。结果表明:纤维素酶对羔羊在各月龄体尺及体尺指数有提高的趋势,但影响不显著(P>0.05),而纤维素酶明显提高了整个试验期羔羊的体重和日增重,并且在3月龄时达到极显著(P<0.01)。     

额济纳盆地植物地下微生境深度范围的确定——土壤酶指示法

地下微生境位置的确定对于干旱区植被生态系统的恢复具有重要意义,但目前尚没有准确、简单可行的确定方法.应用额济纳盆地的野外调查与室内实验数据,分析了3类植物群落结构(草本 灌木组合、灌木 乔木组合及草本 灌木 乔木组合)中的土壤过氧化氢酶活性曲线.结果发现:过氧化氢酶活性曲线的各峰值区与植物群落中各生活型植物的根群位置对应,而已有研究指出植物的根群位置正与植物的地下微生境位置对应.因此,可以通过分析过氧化氢酶活性曲线来确定植物地下微生境的空间位置.     

Biological activity and characterization of nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates ofSpodoptera litura

Geographical isolates ofSpodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV), collected from different parts of India and maintained at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, were compared for their biological activity and subjected to Restriction Endonuclease (REN) analysis. Neonate and second instar bioassay studies revealed similarity in biological activity as shown by the overlapping fiducial limits of LC₅₀ values. However, there were differences in yield among isolates: significantly higher yields were obtained from isolates UAS and CBE than from the BARC isolate. REN analysis of the four isolates withPst I,Hind III,Bam HI andEco RI enzymes indicated genotypic variation among the isolates. Based on the commonality of the bands, the isolates could be broadly divided into two groups: isolates AU and CBE formed one group, and the other group comprised UAS and BARC based on genetic relatedness. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 21, 2005.     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊消化道组织结构的影响

为了探明纤维素复合酶提高羔羊饲料消化率的消化道组织学基础,选择刚出生且体重相近的波尔山羊公羔30只(20日龄开始自由采食优质苜蓿干草, 80日龄断奶)分为对照组和试验组(添加0.2%酶制剂),分别在2、3和4月龄每组各选体重相近的3只羔羊屠宰.结果表明,瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积随月龄增加而增加,而单位面积乳头数随着月龄的增加而减少(P ＜ 0.01).酶制剂提高3、4月龄羔羊瘤胃乳头长度(P ＜ 0.01)、宽度(P ＞ 0.05)和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积(P ＜ 0.01),减少单位面积乳头数(P ＜ 0.01).显著提高3月龄十二指肠肠绒毛的长度(P ＜ 0.05).在3、4月龄,酶制剂有增加小肠隐窝深度和黏膜厚度的趋势,但未达到显著水平(P ＞ 0.05).     

黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用的研究

通过体外试验和体内试验两种方法研究了黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌的作用。结果表明，黄芩水煎液对鸡大肠杆菌的最小体外抑菌浓度为2．5g／mL；当药物浓度为5g／mL时可使7日龄雏鸡获得90％以上的攻毒保护；药物浓度为10g／mL时可使100％雏鸡获得攻毒保护，说明黄芩可以对抗鸡大肠杆菌，用于防治鸡的大肠杆菌病。     

微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

白菜耐光氧化能力鉴定及其与活性氧代谢关系的研究

 采用人工光氧化技术对30个常见白菜栽培品种进行光氧化处理, 以总叶绿素存留率作为评价指标, 利用系统聚类分析将供试品种划分为5个级别(1～5级) 。其中耐光氧化能力强的品种有青优4号、暑绿、抗热605、绿扬青、矮抗6号、华王; 不耐光氧化的品种有四倍体矮脚黄、绿星。在此基础上, 以耐光氧化品种抗热605与不耐光氧化品种绿星为材料, 研究了光氧化过程中活性氧代谢的特征。结果表明:在光氧化条件下, 白菜叶片内的抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性受光氧化诱导升高, 但光氧化敏感性品种绿星的酶活性很快下降, 耐光氧化品种抗热605的酶活持续保持在较高的水平。因此, 绿星的O₂·生成速率、H₂O₂ 含量及MDA的积累量均高于抗热605, 最终导致品种绿星在光氧化下总叶绿素存留率低。表明抗热605植株内较高的抗氧化酶活性对提高耐光氧化能力起了重要作用。