Effect of high intensity training on anaerobic capacity of middle gluteal muscle in Thoroughbred horses

We hypothesize that high intensity training for Thoroughbred horses that have been subjected to conventional training could further improve the metabolic properties of the middle gluteal muscle. Nine well-trained horses were subjected to high intensity (80-100% Vdot;O(2)max, 5 minx2) training for 12 weeks. Biopsy samples were obtained from the muscle before and after 4 and 12 weeks of training. Three of the 9 horses did not complete the training programme. In the remaining 6 horses, activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and 3-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), and the composition of myosin heavy chain isoforms were analyzed by biochemical techniques. After 12 weeks of training, a significant increase was found in PFK activity but not in the SDH and HAD activities. There were no significant changes in the composition of myosin heavy chain isoforms. The high intensity training in this study was effective at increasing glycolytic enzyme activity, indicating the possibility to improve anaerobic capacity, which potentially could contribute greatly to performance in Thoroughbred horses. This study also highlighted a fact that high intensity training should be given with the great care to prevent the skeletal muscle injuries.     

细菌耐药颉颃剂的研究现状及应用

作者介绍了具有颉颃细菌耐药性作用的物质的研究应用进展情况，包括灭活酶抑制剂、药物渗透促进剂、外输泵抑制剂、细菌生物被膜抑制剂、抗菌药物增强剂、耐药质粒消除剂等。     

Intraruminal administration of milk in the calf as a model for ruminal drinking: Morphological and enzymatical changes in the jejunal mucosa

In order to develop a calf model for studying the syndrome of ruminal drinking (RD) in veal calves, three dual-fistulated calves were used to test the effect of intraruminal administration of milk replacer on the jejunal mucosa. Biopsies of the proximal jejunal mucosa were taken through a jejunal fistula and the mucosal morphology and the activities of two brush border enzymes, lactase and alkaline phosphatase, were determined.Means of villus length and brush border enzyme activities decreased during the period of intraruminal administration of milk. The hyperplastic villus atrophy in this model was similar to that found in chronic RD patients in previous studies. This could not be associated with isolation of pathogenic micro-organisms from the faeces and is probably the consequence of the intraruminal milk feeding procedure itself.Clinical recovery from the signs of RD occurred rapidly after intraruminal administration of milk ceased and was followed by restoration of villus length and brush border enzyme activities 3–4 weeks later.     

奶牛酮病红细胞膜上ATP酶活性变化的研究

为了深入研究酮病的发生机理,选择荷斯坦奶牛作为实验动物,应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测分组,Ⅰ组为10头对照牛、Ⅱ组为10 头阳性牛。应用试剂盒比色法测定红细胞膜上ATPase 的活性变化。结果表明,阳性组和对照组相比,红细胞膜上ATPase的活性显著下降(P <0.05)。说明奶牛酮病影响红细胞膜上ATPase的活性变化。     

番鸭血浆酶活性及其与产肉性能关系的研究

用法国＊本地二元杂交鸭为研究对象,分析其宰前血浆ＧＯＴ、ＧＰＴ、Ａｋｐ、ｒ－ＧＴ、Ａｍｙ活性与７个产肉性状的表型相关,结果表明ＧＯＴ活性与屠宰率,胸肌率,腿肌率,观众 率,ＧＰＴ活性与胸肌率,瘦肉率、ｒ－ＧＴ活性与胸肌率,腹脂率均呈显著正相关;     

培养液中铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度与CuZn-SOD活性的影响

在 PK15细胞无血清液体培养基中添加 0、7.8、15 .6、31.2、6 2 .5 μmol/L Cu,观察了培养液中不同铜水平对PK15细胞内铜离子浓度和 Cu Zn- SOD活性的影响及二者的相关性。结果表明 ,PK15细胞内铜离子浓度及 Cu Zn-SOD活性均随培养液中添加铜离子浓度升高和培养时间的延长而有不同程度的升高 ,其中以添加 Cu31.2 μmol/L组最高 (P<0 .0 5 )。PK15细胞内 Cu Zn- SOD活性与细胞内铜离子浓度和培养时间呈强正相关 (培养时间 :r=0 .873～0 .980 ,P<0 .0 5 ;铜离子浓度 :r=0 .90 0～ 0 .972 ,P<0 .0 5 )     

兽用常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗的研究进展

常温耐热型弱毒活疫苗对预防畜禽疾病具有重要作用，对它的研究越来越多，尤其是耐热冻干保护剂。作者对耐热冻干保护剂的组成、作用机制、效能及畜禽疫病中的应用进行了介绍。     

鸡肿瘤坏死因子的诱生及活性检测

通过对鸡静脉注射卡介苗 (BCG)和脂多糖 (L PS) ,应用 L92 9细胞检测鸡体外周血清、脾细胞和外周血白细胞肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)活性 ,表明外周血清 TNF活性最高 ,其次是脾细胞 ,而外周血白细胞 TNF活性最低。本研究也表明在正常鸡的外周血液中有少量的 TNF     

A comparative study on the rumen microbial populations,hydrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability between different species of ruminant

A comparative study among Korean native cow (Hanwoo), Holstein dairy cow, Korean native goat and crossbred sheep on the population and marker concentration of ruminal microbes, the activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase and amylase, and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability were conducted. Twelve ruminally cannulated animals, three of each species, were used. Animals were fed the same diet containing 40% formula feed and 60% rice straw at the level of 2.5% of body weight. Total viable microbial populations in the rumen fluid were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for bacteria and fungi in goat than those of Holstein. The protozoan population among ruminant species was the reverse from that of bacteria. The concentrations of 2,6‐diaminopimelic acid and chitin as markers for bacteria and fungi in the rumen fluid, respectively, were highest in goat, which is in accordance with the above population data. The concentration of aminoethylphosphonic acid as marker of protozoa was highest in Hanwoo and lowest in sheep (P < 0.01). Goat had the highest (P < 0.01) activities of all the enzymes investigated among ruminants. In situ effective degradation of the DM of rice straw was approximately 19% higher in the rumen of goat compared with other animals.     

电针“足三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质对家兔结肠电的影响

以家兔近端结肠电的基本活动规律为指标,观察了电针足“三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对近端结肠电的影响,同时对比观察了损毁部分PAG对电针效应的影响。结果:(1)在禁食、轻度麻醉状态下,近端结肠电慢波振幅为206±156μV,频率为14.9±1.7Hz,慢波上载有快波;(2)电针“足三里”穴对结肠电有抑制或兴奋效应,当有快渡活动时,主要呈现慢波振幅增加效应,有时也增加快波的振幅和幅度;而当没有快波活动时,电针主要减低慢波振幅。上述电针的作用可持续10～45min;(3)对44个pAG刺激点刺激的结果显示,16个点为结肠电兴奋点;13个为结肠电抑制点,而15个点为无效点。其中兴奋效应的潜伏期为1.1±0.95min,可持续2.45±1.4min;抑制效应的潜伏期为0.6±0.5min,可持续2.9±1.3min;(4)5只家兔损毁部分PAG后,电针效应减少23.8±16.6％。