模拟干旱和盐胁迫下沙冬青种子硬实特性和抗逆性的研究

将1~5 d内每天吸胀的沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)种子视为不同硬实程度的种子T₁,T₂,T₃,T₄和T₅,与第5 d仍未吸胀的硬实种子(记作T_r)作为试材对其硬实特性和抗逆性进行研究,以期为沙冬青种子栽培驯化提供理论依据。结果表明:随着硬实程度的提高,种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈上升趋势;电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐下降;可溶性蛋白含量逐渐上升。不同处理对种子的硬实破除效果表明,80℃热水浸泡种子可达到最佳破除效果。通过测定模拟干旱胁迫和盐胁迫下不同硬实程度种子的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,表明在相同逆境条件下,随硬实程度的加深,除极个别外,各项指标值均有不同程度的升高,且一定胁迫强度下硬实种子萌发幼苗的各酶活性和脯氨酸含量均极显著高于其他萌发幼苗(P<0.01),因此,硬实种子比非硬实种子有较强的保护酶调节系统。硬实程度越高,耐旱和耐盐能力也随之升高。     

ARF基因干扰表达对不同发育阶段和贮藏条件马铃薯酶活性的影响

以前期研究获得的马铃薯栽培品种“甘农薯2号”ADP核糖基化因子(ARF)基因干扰表达转化植株为材料,用qRT-PCR法对转基因植株的ARF基因表达量进行了测定,结果表明,不同发育阶段转基因叶片中ARF基因的相对表达量先降低,生长后期略有增加,表明ARF基因干扰表达量随马铃薯生长发育发生改变。ARF基因干扰表达影响马铃薯叶片中酶活性,不同发育阶段转基因叶片与对照相比,多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性升高11.61%~27.84%,硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase, NR)活性提高21.10%~41.32%,磷脂酶D(phospholipase D, PLD)活性降低2.88%~57.64%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(sucrose phosphate synthase, SPS)活性提高29.00%~39.57%;不同温度(4℃和室温)贮藏的块茎中ARF基因的相对表达量变化趋势一致:均先降低,再升高,但前者较后者ARF基因相对表达量显著降低。室温较4℃贮藏的转基因块茎PPO活性升高30.44%~56.28%,NR活性提高17.41%~40.92%,PLD活性降低24.39%~85.11%,SPS活性提高30.89%~45.78%。室温较4℃贮藏的非转基因块茎PPO活性升高25.11%~70.66%,NR活性提高36.07%~89.62%,PLD活性降低11.35%~72.64%,SPS活性提高27.31%~61.33%。本研究通过探讨ARF基因干扰表达对马铃薯生理生化特性的影响,为进一步研究ARF基因在马铃薯生长发育调控中的作用提供一定的理论基础。     

Comparison of the antioxidant activities of 22 commonly used culinary herbs and spices on the lipid oxidation of pork meat

The antioxidant activities of 22 selected culinary herbs and spices (i.e. ginger, cinnamon, clove, bay, sage, rosemary, thyme, savory, oregano, sweet basil, parsley, coriander, tarragon, sansho, allspice, cumin, black and white peppercorns, nutmeg, caraway, dill and fennel) when they were added to pork homogenate were measured and expressed as a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. The addition of liquid extracts of all the herbs and spices significantly suppressed lipid oxidation of the pork, especially the extracts of sansho, sage and ginger, which showed the strongest inhibition of lipid oxidation.     

草地灌丛化土壤碳氮地球化学循环

灌丛化(shrub encroachment)是全球陆地生态系统重要的生态现象之一,是影响草地碳库的重要过程。灌丛化由全球气候变化、降雨、火烧和生物活动等多因素共同作用形成,对区域环境、气候、土壤性质和碳循环影响显著。目前灌丛化对生态系统的影响仍存在分歧,表现在不同气候和降雨梯度下灌丛化后土壤有机碳/氮储量、养分循环和土壤温室气体排放等差异。本文总结和归纳了灌丛化形成与控制因素、灌丛化对团聚体稳定性、酶活性和土壤碳、氮循环的影响。灌丛化改变了土壤团聚体稳定性和酶活性,进而影响土壤呼吸以及土壤生源物质的存储、分解和循环,这将显著影响区域乃至全球气候变化。因此分析提出,今后应进一步加强对灌丛化形成过程长期的定位观察研究,以便了解灌丛化的可控因素,并加强对灌丛化后土壤有机碳库、土壤团聚体稳定性变化对碳氮循环进程和全球气候变化的影响研究。     

D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.     

重组鸡Cathelicidins类抗菌肽的融合表达及其对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性的研究

Cathelicidins抗菌肽在家禽天然免疫系统中发挥重要作用,本研究将已构建的含Cathelicidins抗菌肽成熟肽的阳性克隆菌株Rosetta(DE3)/pET30-CathL1S、pET30-CathL2S、pET30-CathL3S分别在37℃、1.0 mmol/L IPTG的条件下进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析结果表明,Cathelicidins成熟肽片段均在大肠杆菌中以融合形式成功表达,表达产物的表观分子质量分别为7、8、7.5 ku。琼脂糖孔穴扩散法检测结果显示,表达产物对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有很好的抑制活性,其对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-13 (Salmonella pullorum)、巴氏杆菌、鸭疫里默氏杆菌及绿脓杆菌等供试菌株均有较强的抑制作用,尤其对抗生素耐药菌株有明显的抑制作用。以雏鸡为实验模型研究重组抗菌肽对金黄色葡萄球菌的体内抗菌活性,结果表明,注射中、高剂量CathL-1抗菌肽试验组(5、10 mg/kg),在试验结束后取肝脏组织匀浆液涂布于TMP平板,未分离到葡萄球菌。各抗菌肽试验组平均增重均高于感染对照组,其中低剂量抗菌肽试验组(2.5 mg/kg)体内抑菌效果虽与普通抗生素相当,但其增重效果尤为明显。     

p38介导β-羟丁酸对原代培养犊牛肝细胞凋亡的影响

本试验旨在探讨β-羟丁酸（BHBA）对体外原代培养犊牛肝细胞凋亡的影响以及p38MAPK在其中的调控作用。选择培养72h的肝细胞,添加不同浓度的BHBA（0、0．6、1．2、2．4mmol／L）,培养9h,每个浓度3个重复。另外选取细胞,p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580（10pmol／L）预处理1h后,添加BHBA,使其终浓度为2．4retool／L;PI／An—nexinV—FITC双染,运用荧光显微镜观察肝细胞凋亡情况;ELISA法检测p38的活性;实时荧光定量PCR方法检测p38、Caspase-3、Caspase9、bcl2基因的mRNA表达水平。结果表明,与对照组相比,1．2和2．4mmol／I—BHBA组的肝细胞凋亡明显增加;p38酶活性明显升高;p38、caspase-3和caspase-9基因mRNA表达水平均显著增加（P〈0．01）。bcl2基因mRNA表达水平显著降低（P〈0．05）;添加p38抑制剂后,caspase-3和caspase-9基因mRNA表达水平显著降低（P〈0．01）,bcl-2基因mRNA表达水平显著增加（P〈O．05）。高浓度的BHBA可以诱导体外原代培养犊牛肝细胞凋亡,p38在BHBA诱导的细胞凋亡中发挥重要作用。     

星星草的生长对盐碱土磷素营养的影响

研究不同生长年限星星草对盐碱土全磷、速效磷、有机磷和无机磷含量及磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明:土壤全磷、速效磷、有机磷和无机磷含量增加,三龄时达到最高值.星星草对盐碱土速效磷和有机磷含量有明显的影响;土壤磷素各项指标及磷酸酶活性之间都存在着一定的相关关系,其中磷酸酶活性与磷素各指标之间呈极显著相关.     

秋季中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）工蜂有分泌活性的舌腺和无分泌活性的舌腺的超微结构比较

对秋季中华蜜蜂工蜂有分泌活性舌腺（９日龄）和无分泌活性的舌腺（采集蜂）的超微结构进行了观察和比较，发现二者的舌腺细胞的超微结构存在着差异。９日龄工蜂舌腺处在分泌活性状态。细胞核发达，多突起；粗面内质网发达，成平行状排列；胞内管、胞外管中都充满电子致密度均匀的物质，即王浆物质；有大量的分泌块；线粒体内嵴排列紧密，呈板层状。而采集蜂舌腺处在无分泌活性状态。核周边异染色质增多；粗面内质网不太发达，多呈泡状；胞内管中物质为一些不均匀的电子致密度大的粗颗粒物质；胞外管中只有少量水样物质；线粒体内嵴间隙相对变大，多发现内嵴间隙呈管泡状。     

Cholinesterase activities in uterus of normal and fenchlorphos treated blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) during various reproductive states

The uterine acetylcholinesterase and total cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase plus butyrylcholinesterase) activities in normal and fenchlorphos treated blue fox vixens were determined during various reproductive states.AChE and Total-ChE of non-medicated vixens in oestrus were about one half of those in anoestrus. In pregnant uteri (luteal phase) the activities were 25 % and 30% compared to anoestrus.In vixens given 100 mg/kg fenchlorphos for 3 weeks during anoestrus, the remaining activity of AChE in uterus were in average 37%. Pregnant and non-pregnant vixens in the luteal phase medicated prior to mating and during time of implantation, displayed AChE activities which were only moderabely reduced (remaining activities 83% and 72% compared to medicated animals in anoestrus: remaining activity 37%).Plasma ChE-activity increased during pregnancy in the controls while enzyme activity was strongly reduced in animals given 100 mg/kg fenchlorphos daily through the whole pregnancy.It was concluded that the previous reported embryotoxic effect of fenchlorphos in the blue fox did not seem to be directed towards the moderate inhibition of the uterine cholinesterases.