不同发育阶段草鱼消化酶活力的变化及其昼夜节律

以草鱼为对象,研究了不同发育阶段的消化酶活力及其昼夜变化规律。结果表明:60d组的草鱼肝胰脏及前、中、后肠消化酶活力高于30d组和150d组的;肝胰脏及前、中、后肠蛋白酶活力的峰值分别出现在17:00(1:00)、17:00、1:00、1:00;淀粉酶活力的峰值分别出现在13:00、17:00(5:00)、21:00、21:00(5:00);脂肪酶活力的峰值分别出现在17:00、17:00、17:00、17:00(1:00)。因此认为,草鱼消化酶活力与草鱼生长发育阶段密切相关,具有组织差异性,且呈现明显的昼夜节律。     

发酵玉米秸秆粉对肉鸡肠道消化酶及微生物区系的影响

为了研究日粮中添加米曲霉发酵玉米秸秆粉代替等量玉米对鸡肠道微生物和消化酶的影响,选择25只6周龄AA肉鸡,随机分成5组,正处理组设添加4%、8%和12%3个水平的发酵秸秆代替基础日粮中等量玉米,用基础日粮(对照组)和8%未发酵秸秆(负处理组)替代基础日粮中等量玉米作对比。结果显示:与负处理组和对照组相比,日粮中添加8%发酵玉米秸秆粉使回肠和盲肠中的乳酸菌和米曲霉的数量显著增加(P<0.05),大肠杆菌数显著降低(P<0.05);纤维素酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著提高(P<0.05)。     

高比例植物蛋白的代乳粉对断奶犊牛消化道酶活性的影响

选取20头7日龄左右的荷斯坦奶公犊牛分配于试验组MR1、MR2、MR3和对照组CK,每组共5头.试验组MR1、MR2、MR3分别饲喂60%、70%、80%3种不同植物蛋白含量的代乳粉,对照组CK饲喂鲜奶,研究不同植物蛋白含量的代乳粉对断奶犊牛消化道主要消化酶活性的影响.犊牛8周龄时测定其小肠各段食糜中胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性.结果表明,试验组MR1、MR2、MR3的小肠各段食糜中胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性均显著低于对照组CK(P＜0.05),且试验组中MR1的活性最高,MR3的活性最低.试验组MR1、MR2、MR3的小肠各段食糜中脂肪酶活性均显著低于对照组CK(P＜0.05),且试验组中MR1的活性极显著高于MR2、MR3(P＜0.01),MR2的活性最低.由试验结果得出,断奶犊牛消化酶的活性随着代乳粉中植物蛋白含量的升高呈下降趋势,其中植物蛋白的种类也对断奶犊牛消化酶活性有很大的影响.     

复合益生菌粉对刺参生长·体壁成分和消化酶活性的影响

[目的]研究饲料中添加复合益生菌粉对刺参生长、体壁成分和消化酶活性的影响.[方法]在基础日粮中分别添加含有0、0.2％、0.4％、0.6％、0.8％的复合益生菌粉(由枯草芽孢杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、酿酒酵母菌组成,含有106CFU/g)进行喂养试验,养殖8周.[结果]随着复合益生菌添加量的提高,刺参增重率和特殊生长率有增加趋势.与对照组相比,添加0.8％的复合益生菌能显著提高刺参的增重率和特定生长率(P＜0.05).复合益生菌对刺参成活率和体壁成分均无显著影响(P＞0.05).复合益生菌对刺参肠道的消化酶活性也无显著影响(P＞0.05),但有提高刺参肠道脂肪酶活性的趋势.当益生菌添加量为0.4％时,刺参脂肪酶活性最高.[结论]复合益生菌粉能够促进刺参的生长.当益生菌添加量为0.8％时刺参的生长较好.     

稻谷型日粮添加非淀粉多糖酶对生长猪消化道结构和功能的作用研究

 用 90头 (35± 0 .4 0kg)长嘉二元生长猪为试验对象 ,研究了稻谷型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖 (NSP)酶对其消化道结构和功能的影响。结果表明 ,(1)添加非淀粉多糖酶组日增重提高 8.78% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,料重比降低9.4 2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与玉米组相比无差异 ;(2 )添加非淀粉多糖酶使十二指肠内容物中的总蛋白水解酶、淀粉酶活性分别升高了 99.0 7% (P <0 .0 1)和 18.4 1% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;胃内容物中胃蛋白酶 ,十二指肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶 ,空肠粘膜和回肠粘膜中二糖酶、氨肽酶活性均有升高趋势 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;(3)添加非淀粉多糖酶组十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度分别提高了 2 3.6 8% (P <0 .0 5 )、5 6 .0 0 % (P <0 .0 1)和 76 .90 % (P <0 .0 1) ;微绒毛排列较规则且高度有升高趋势 (P >0 .0 5 )。本研究结果揭示 ,非淀粉多糖酶能显著改善生长猪消化道结构和功能 ,提高饲料养分的消化吸收 ,促进其生长。     

不同盐度对弓斑东方鲀消化酶活性的影响

本研究探讨了不同水体盐度对弓斑东方鲀α-淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性的影响,同时得出最适于该鱼种消化吸收养分的盐度值,以发挥其生长潜力.试验用360尾鱼,分为4个处理(淡水对照,盐度8‰、18‰和35‰),每处理3个重复,每个重复30尾,通过15 d饲养试验,采样时间分别为:第1天、第4天、第7天和第15天.结果显示:随着盐度的增加,α-淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的活性有显著变化(P<0.05).在试验后期,α-淀粉酶活性在盐度18‰时显著高于盐度8‰和35‰的情况(P<0.05);胃蛋白酶活性则在8‰和18‰2种盐度下有显著差异(P<0.05);胰蛋白酶活性在8‰时最大,显著高于35‰和18‰处理(P<0.05).试验结果表明弓斑东方鲍饲养的水体盐度为8‰～18‰时能更有效的促进其消化酶的活性.     

Effects of artificial acidification and liming on biomass and on the activity of digestive enzymes in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta): Results of an ongoing study

Summary The effects of simulated acid rain and acidification combined with liming on enzymatic activities in the gut of the enchytraied Fridericia sp. were studied under laboratory conditions. Simulated mild (pH 4.4) and strong (pH 3.1) acid rain was applied throughout a 52-day experiment. Liming, at rates of 1500 and 4000 kg CaCO₃ powder ha^-1, was applied once on the 27th day of acid rain. After 52 days, the treatment effects were determined by analysing changes in the fresh body weight of enchytraeids and the activities of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) and C₁-cellulase (EC 3.2.1.91) in the gut. The effects were significant in only a few instances. After acidification, xylanase and trehalase activities decreased. The changes in fresh body biomass were not significant. Amylase and cellulase activities increased slightly, possibly because the acidification had a stimulatory effect on soil amylolytic and cellulolytic microorganisms. After liming, both xylanase activity and the enchytraeid body biomass decreased. This was the only marked evidence of a negative effect on the enchytraeids. The high amylase, trehalase and cellulase activities that were observed might have been caused by intensive digestion of dead acidophilous microflora.     

Effect of inland water salinity on growth,feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity in growing grey mullet, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> (Linn.): Field and laboratory studies

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of inland water salinity on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity in grey mullet. In experiment I, a 90 day monoculture of grey mullet at different salinity levels (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) was carried out. The fingerlings were stocked at 5000 per hectare and fed on a supplementary diet at 5% BW d^–1. This Study revealed that fish growth mean body weight (90.5 ± 4.5 g) and mean length (21.6 ± 0.4 cm), SGR (4.70%) and growth per day (0.99 g d^–1) were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced in fish maintained at 10% salinity in comparison with other treatments. Nutrient levels, phytoplankton population, NPP and chlorophyll a all decreased with an increase in salinity (>10%). In addition, zooplankton populations increased with an increase in the salinity level. Most of the other hydrochemical characteristics remained at optimal levels in all other treatments. Fish weight gain showed a significant positive correlation with productivity indicating parameters viz. alkalinity (r = 0.53), turbidity (r = 0.62), NPP (r = 0.75) and chlorophyll a (r = 0.46), clearly revealing that fish growth is also related to the trophic status of the ponds. In the second experiment (Experiment II), mullet fry were exposed to five different salinity levels (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) and maintained for 70 days in the laboratory. Significantly (p < 0.05) high growth, (SGR and per cent increase in body weight), feed conversion efficiency and intestinal enzyme activity were observed in the group maintained at 10 salinity in comparison with other groups maintained at similar salinity levels. Carcass composition, musc1e and liver glycogen levels were also significantly (p < 0.05) affected by salinity changes.     

低盐环境对3种规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参生长与消化酶活力的影响

为探明低盐环境中刺参幼参各生长阶段的消化酶活力变化,采用实验生态学方法,测定了低盐(16、18、20、22、24)环境中3种规格,体质量分别为(28.37±3.21) g、(7.52±1.25) g、(2.03±0.68) g 的刺参幼参生长和肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力。结果显示,3种规格刺参特定生长率变化趋势一致,随盐度升高而升高。盐度16时,特定生长率最低,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),刺参身体不能正常自然伸展,多数个体匍匐在水槽底部,几乎不摄食;盐度31时,特定生长率最高。在盐度16?24范围内,刺参消化道内蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性变化趋势一致,随盐度的升高而升高;盐度24时,蛋白酶活性均达到最高水平,与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),小规格刺参肠道蛋白酶活性在盐度20、22时无显著差异(P>0.05);盐度20、22、24实验组淀粉酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),中规格刺参淀粉酶活性在盐度22升至24时出现显著增高(P<0.05);大规格刺参肠道脂肪酶活性在盐度20升至22时出现显著增高(P<0.05),小规格刺参在盐度升至24时脂肪酶活性出现显著增高(P<0.05);当盐度高于24时 3种消化酶活性随盐度升高而降低。     

伊维菌素驱除黄牛消化道线虫试验

试验选择自然感染多种消化道线虫的黄牛１６头，分为４组，一组为对照组，其余３组为对照组，分别按０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量颈部皮下注射１％伊维菌注射液。结果表明，按０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的剂量给药，伊维菌素对黄牛多种消化道线虫有驱除作用，其中，对捻转血矛线虫、蛇形毛圆线虫、仰口线虫有高效；对食道口线虫、奥斯特线虫、细颈线虫、指形长刺线虫为中效或低效，按０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ