ASA在百草枯诱导小麦幼苗活性氧代谢及膜脂过氧化中的作用

用0．05％ASA预处理能明显降低百草枯诱导小麦幼苗超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）的含量及膜脂过氧化的程度,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,降低脂氧合酶（LOX）和酸性磷酸酯酶的活性。说明ASA可降低活性氧伤害,减轻膜脂过氧化的程度。     

脉冲负压处理对黄瓜敌敌畏农药残留脱除效果的影响

采用脉冲负压处理技术,以黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留为研究对象,探究负压强度、温度以及处理时间对黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留脱除效果的影响,确定最佳脱除条件;利用高效液相色谱探寻黄瓜中敌敌畏农药残留的检测方法。结果表明：黄瓜敌敌畏农药脱除的最佳处理条件为：脉冲负压强度96 kPa,温度35℃,处理时间30 min;该条件下,黄瓜中的敌...     

Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition,lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats

Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.     

水貂卵母细胞发育过程中脂滴的形态学及组织化学变化的研究

应用电镜及光镜组织化学技术,对水貂卵巢內各发育阶段卵母细胞中的脂滴进行了研究。在水貂卵母细胞中,脂滴的形成是卵母细胞生长开始的标志之一。在生长早期,卵母细胞中脂滴分散在皮质与核之间的胞质中,且脂滴的染色较深,在晚期阶段,脂滴明显增大,聚集到一起,染色变浅。经油红O和酸性氧化苏木素染色证明,在卵泡腔形成之前,脂滴主要是由中性脂肪和磷脂组成,在卵泡腔形成之后,脂滴成分主要是中性脂肪,磷脂消失。实验结果表明,脂滴可能是来自于相对静止期卵母细胞中分布的黑色嗜锇颗粒(直径约0.38μm),经过脂质的不断蓄积而形成脂滴。脂滴量特别多是水貂成熟卵母细胞的特点之一。     

豆渣膳食纤维对面团流变学特性的影响

[目的]以市售小麦粉作为试验材料,通过添加不同比例的大豆豆渣膳食纤维进行面团流变学特性研究。[方法]对添加不同比例豆渣膳食纤维的小麦粉进行粉质试验和拉伸试验,进而分析膳食纤维对面团流变学特性的影响。[结果]豆渣膳食纤维的添加对面团的粉质特性起到一定的改良作用,对面团的拉伸特性却有一定的恶化作用。当添加2%的豆渣膳食纤维时,对面团流变学特性的综合效果能起到改良的作用。[结论]添加适宜比例的豆渣膳食纤维,能改善面团流变学特性。     

土壤水分胁迫与水稻活性氧代谢

以杂交稻，粳稻，旱稻品种为材料，研究在水分胁迫条件下稻体内超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶，脂质过氧化的活性及叶绿素含量等变化。结果表明，不同类型水稻品种受水分胁迫后，超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶活性增强，脂质过氧化提高。     

机械伤害和茉莉酸对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响

 切割后离体芽苗极易受病菌侵染而发生腐烂变质，严重影响着当前芽菜采后运输和销售。为此,本试验以豌豆芽苗为试材,研究了机械伤害和外施不同浓度（±）茉莉酸（JA）处理对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明，伤害和1～100 μmol·L-1 JA处理可以显著提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，同时使活性氧代谢加强，O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量迅速增加，相应的抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX、POD）活性提高。适宜浓度JA（1～10 μmol·L-1）处理可有效诱导防御反应产生，同时，通过提高抗氧化酶活性使膜脂过氧化程度减轻；高浓度JA（100 μmol·L-1）处理造成植物活性氧代谢失调，膜脂过氧化加剧。综合分析认为，10 μmol·L-1JA是诱导豌豆幼苗防御反应产生的适宜处理浓度。     

复合天然抗氧化剂对鳊脂肪的抗氧化效果

为了获得一种能够有效抑制鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)脂肪氧化的复合天然抗氧化剂,试验中将VE、茶多酚、虾青素、迷迭香提取物、葡萄籽提取物、人参提取物和芦丁提取物进行复合,并研究复合天然抗氧化剂对鳊脂肪氧化的抑制作用。结果表明,在组分筛选试验设计的8组复合天然抗氧化剂中,迷迭香提取物、人参提取物和VE组成的复合天然抗氧化剂具有较好的抗氧化效果(下文将迷迭香提取物、人参提取物和VE组成的复合天然抗氧化剂简称为目标抗氧化剂);试验对目标抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能进行验证,结果表明目标抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果显著优于组分筛选试验中的其他组合(P0.05),并将目标抗氧化剂与人工合成抗氧化剂(BHA、BHT、TBHQ)进行比较,结果表明目标抗氧化剂与这3种人工合成抗氧化剂抗氧化效果无显著差异(P0.05)。     

Effect of feeding level on growth and nutrient deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) growing from 150 to 600 g

The effects of feeding level on growth and energy partitioning were studied in rainbow trout growing from 150 to 600 g. Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 158 g fish^?1) were fed a practical diet at various feeding levels (25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of near satiation) for 24 weeks at 8.5°C. The final body weights of fish were 235, 381, 526 and 621 g. Restricted feeding levels significantly reduced live weight gain. Feeding levels had less pronounced effects on feed efficiency ratio, which were 0.98, 1.08, 1.02 and 0.83, respectively, for the 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% feeding levels. The growth of fish fed to near satiation was accurately described by the thermal‐unit growth coefficient. The growth data also showed that the widely used specific growth rate was not an appropriate model. Fish fed at the lowest feeding level (25%), which represented a maintenance ration (energy gain was less than 2 kJ fish^?1 day^?1), showed positive protein deposition but negative lipid deposition. This indicates that fish fed a maintenance ration mobilize body lipid reserve to support protein deposition. The efficiency of energy for growth (k_g) was estimated to be 0.63. The factorial multiple regression approach estimated that the partial efficiencies of metabolizable energy utilization for protein deposition (k_p) and lipid deposition (k_f) were 0.63 and 0.72, and that maintenance energy requirement was about 19 kJ (kg BW^0.824)^?1, for rainbow trout held at 8.5°C.