Black carbon estimation in French calcareous soils using chemo‐thermal oxidation method

We studied the black carbon (BC) content of ca. 405 samples from French topsoil and artificial soil and carbonate mixtures. Our protocol involved three main steps: (i) decarbonation by HCl, (ii) elimination of non‐pyrogenic organic carbon in a furnace at 375 °C, and (iii) quantification of residual carbon by CHN analysis. BC content increased for calcareous soils according to their carbonates content. Subsequent analyses confirmed the existence of a methodological artefact for BC determination only in calcareous soils. Decarbonation changes the thermal properties of organic matter, creating more recalcitrant carbon than in the initial sample. Higher CaCO₃ and organic carbon content results in a more pronounced artefact. The reversal of the first two steps of the chemo‐thermal oxidation method (i.e. thermal oxidation before soil decarbonation) eliminates this artefact. Overall, our results suggest that BC content may have been overestimated in a large number of studies on calcareous soils.     

产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌检测方法研究进展

抗生素的不合理使用使得细菌耐药性快速产生及传播，细菌耐药性已然成为重大公共卫生问题。碳青霉烯类抗生素在临床治疗中表现良好，常作为治疗多重耐药菌感染的最后一道防线，碳青霉烯耐药菌的出现对公共卫生安全产生了极大的威胁。产碳青霉烯酶是碳青霉烯耐药菌耐药的主要机制，因此，对产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测至关重要。目前，对于碳青霉烯酶的检测手段以表型检测和分子生物学检测方法为主。表型检测一般易于操作，成本低廉，便于在临床进行，但在检测效率和检测用时方面差强人意。分子生物学及其他新型技术在保持高特异性和敏感性的基础上能做到快速、高通量检测，但试验检测的成本高，需专业设备和人员，部分技术在碳青霉烯酶检测领域仍有待开发。当前，多种碳青霉烯酶的检测方法可针对不同的需求和目的，并没有一项检测能满足所有情况。进行检测时，试验所需时间、操作难度、经济成本等都需列入考量，应根据实际情况选择合适的检测方法。笔者通过结合当前背景，归纳总结产碳青霉烯酶肠杆菌科细菌的检测方法，从试验特异性与敏感性、可操作性、检测时间、试验成本等方面分析比较各个方法特点，以期为之后新的检测方法的开发及现有方法的改良研究提供切入点，为临床监测与检测方案的制定和实行提供思路。     

单站式大气电场仪探测距离分析

通过对电子设备防雷需求的计算,确定大气电场仪应有的探测距离;通过对几种情况下大气电场的分析、计算,结合大气电场仪的探测原理及探测公式,确定大气电场仪的探测距离,并对其进行分析.通过对大气电场仪探测距离和电子设备防雷需求的预警距离对比,得出单站式大气电场仪应根据使用者的需求,降低探测距离,提高探测准确度.     

旱地生态学问题弱解对初值的连续依赖性

随着工业化的发展,人们越来越注重生态环境保护问题.利用能量方法,采用Sobolev不等式研究了旱地生态学问题,得到了旱地生态学问题非负弱解对初值的连续依赖性.     

基于GIS的不同种植模式下凉州区日光温室土壤养分分析

采用GPS定位取样测试、ACIGIS软件数据分析和地统计分析方法,对凉州区日光温室土壤养分状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,在0~20 cm表层土壤中,不同种植模式的氮、磷、钾养分分布趋势基本一致。种植番茄—架豆、番茄—辣椒电导率最大,为1.97 ms/cm;种植番茄—架豆盐分最高,为11.9 g/kg;种植人参果CEC最大,为16.87%。在20~40 cm土壤中,种植番茄—辣椒电导率最高,为2.59 ms/cm;种植小乳瓜盐分最大,其值为17.9 g/kg;种植人参果CEC最大,为19.94%。     

创新方法在农业领域科研项目实施过程中的应用

本文基于创新方法在我国农业领域科研项目中的应用现状,总结概括了其在实施过程中不同的创新特征,以“七大作物育种为例”分析了创新方法应用过程中存在的问题及相关建议,为创新方法在科研项目实施过程中发挥驱动作用提供参考,提高科研创新效率。     

非会计专业《会计学》课程教学方法刍议

目前,许多高校非会计专业都将《会计学》课程作为一门专业必修的基础课程。结合多年的非会计专业会计教学经验,笔者认为根据专业特点,采用灵活多样的教学方法是实现非会计专业《会计学》课程教学目标,提高《会计学》教学效果的重要手段。     

油菜籽来源抗氧化物质研究进展

油菜籽中含有多种具有抗氧化活性的物质，为抵御机体的氧化损伤起到了积极作用。本文综述了油菜籽来源的诸多抗氧化活性成分及抗氧化活性的评价方法。油菜籽主要的抗氧化成分有肽类、多酚类、多糖类、生育酚和其它抗氧化成分，其中的肽类主要有三种产生方式：非消化酶酶解、消化酶酶解和发酵。针对油菜籽来源的活性物质抗氧化活性的评价方法，包括体外测定方法（化学检测）和细胞内抗氧化实验和动物实验。综述还探讨了油菜籽抗氧化活性成分研究中存在的问题和解决方法，旨在为油菜籽活性成分的开发和利用提供参考。     

芋田斜纹夜蛾重发生原因及防控措施

分析了近年来清流县芋田斜纹夜蛾重发原因,并针对其发生与危害特点,提出加强测报工作,开展农业防治、诱杀防治及化学防治等治理防控。     

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.