Interannual differences in growth and hatch‐date distributions of early juvenile European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay: implications for recruitment

In order to understand better the recruitment variability in European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay, it is important to investigate the processes that affect survival during the early life stages. Anchovy juvenile growth trajectories and hatch‐date distributions were inferred over a 3‐year period based on otolith microstructure analysis. Otolith growth trajectories showed a characteristic shape depending on their hatch‐date timing. Earlier‐born juveniles had notably broader maximum increments than later born conspecifics, resulting in higher growth rates. This observation suggests that early hatching would be beneficial for larval and juvenile growth, and, therefore, survival. The estimated juvenile hatch‐date distributions were relatively narrow compared with the extended anchovy spawning season (March–August) in the Bay of Biscay and indicated that only individuals originated mainly from the summer months (June–August) survived until autumn. Hatch‐date distributions were markedly different among years and seemed to influence the interannual recruitment strength of anchovy. We conclude that years characterized by juvenile survivors originating from the peak spawning period (May and June) would lead to considerable recruitment success. Downwelling events during the peak spawning period seem to affect larval survival. Furthermore, size‐dependent overwinter mortality would be an additional process that regulates recruitment strength in the anchovy population in the Bay of Biscay.     

夏季杭州湾南岸慈溪滩涂泥螺种群空间分布格局

2004年7月对杭州湾南岸慈溪自然滩涂的泥螺种群进行了取样调查,分别采用Taylor幂法则、Iwao聚集格局回归分析法及Morisita指数公式计算和统计分析。结果表明:杭州湾南岸7个样地间泥螺种群密度差异极显著,种群空间格局在局域斑块尺度属于聚集型负二项分布。造成样地间密度差异的主要原因是人为干扰,泥螺种群的空间分布格局主要与滩涂上积水区域呈斑块状分布有关。     

柘林湾网箱养殖海域溶解氧分布及其影响因素

根据１９９８年７月在南海东北部柘林湾的调查数据，探讨网箱养殖海域溶解氧的分布及其与其他环境因子间的关系，结果显示夏季海水溶解氧浓度为３.03-7.86mg/L( 平均５．３０）,退潮时（平均５.71)高于涨潮时（平均４.65)涨潮时网箱区内贫氧（ ＜０．mg/L).多元逐步回归分析表明，对溶解氧浓度有重要影响的水质因子为pH和水温，其次为盐度，ＣＯＤ和营养盐，它们的变化与ＤＯ的变化有较好的相关性，区域比较表明，海水溶解氧浓度与观测僧置到网箱区的距离呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０２），与底质硫物，ＰＯ４－Ｐ含量呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）,溶解氧浓度偏低与养殖环境的污染有直接关系。     

乐清湾浮游动物现状调查研究

依据2011年5月和9月对温州乐清湾湾口附近海域浮游动物现状调查结果,分析和研究了浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布、多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性。5月份和9月份分别采获大型浮游动物13大类47种和16大类70种,调查海域附近浮游动物主要以近岸低盐类群为主,同时还有少量的半咸水河口类群。5月份浮游动物优势种为中华哲水蚤、球形侧腕水母、百陶箭虫等。9月份浮游动物优势种为背针胸刺水蚤、拿卡箭虫、汤氏长足水蚤、磷虾幼体等。5月份平均个体丰度为91个/m3,9月份平均个体丰度为115个/m3。5月份平均生物量为0.209 g/m3,9月份平均生物量为0.222 g/m3。9月份的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数和优势度均高于5月份的各项群落结构指数。     

Effects of tidal flat reclamation on sediment quality and hypoxia in Isahaya Bay

• 1. Ariake Bay, which is located in western Japan, has a large tidal range (>6 m) and a vast tidal flat (200 km²). In the early 1990s, the government‐managed Isahaya Reclamation Project began in the western part of Ariake Bay. A 16‐km² area of tidal flat in the inner part of Isahaya Bay was destroyed through reclamation and separated from the sea by a dyke, which created land and a freshwater reservoir.
• 2. Since the initiation of the project, fishery yields around Isahaya Bay have dramatically decreased. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between the work associated with the Isahaya Reclamation Project and the recent environmental deterioration in Ariake Bay, with references to present sediment thickness and organic matter content, and hypoxic water distributions in Isahaya Bay.
• 3. The organic matter load from the reservoir has increased since the initiation of the reclamation project and has been associated with a thick layer of fine sediment at the bottom of Isahaya Bay. The thickness of fine sediment and the total organic carbon content were higher in Isahaya Bay than in the freshwater reservoir.
• 4. Based on measurements in August 2001, hypoxic water spread widely in and around Isahaya Bay; the lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.53 mg L^?1) was observed just outside the dyke. An analysis based on a two‐layered box model using data obtained in August 2001 showed that the DO consumption rate in the bottom layer was high (0.61 mg O₂ L^?1 day^?1), and that 22–41% of the total organic carbon load needed to induce the hypoxic water was derived from the reclamation area.
• 5. Our findings strongly suggest that enclosed seas may suffer from eutrophic and hypoxic conditions because of their low seawater‐exchange rate. A comprehensive conservation programme and environmental assessment including physical and material transport processes in the system is needed to manage the environment of the enclosed sea.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2015年靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域表层海水化学要素时空分布特征及潜在富营养化评价

于2015年春季、夏季及秋季3个航次对威海南部靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域进行表层海水水质调查并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:调查海域表层海水水质符合二类水质标准,受磷限制影响;叶绿素-a春季航次(0.660μg/L)含量偏低,夏季航次(0.808mg/L)达到最高值;溶解氧春季航次(10.711mg/L)高于夏季航次(8.940mg/L)及秋季航次(8.678mg/L),近岸区域出现低值区;无机氮秋季航次(0.146mg/L)最高,活性磷酸盐(0.013mg/L)及化学需氧量(1.316mg/L)夏季航次最高,三者受外源河流输入的影响呈现从近岸区域向外海逐渐降低的趋势;活性硅酸盐主要受海洋本底的影响;夏秋航次在靖海湾河流入海口区域出现富营养化状态。     

Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.     

Effects of mangrove deforestation on fish assemblage at Pak Phanang Bay,southern Thailand

Daytime sampling using a seine net was conducted at Pak Phanang Bay (Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand) in February and July 2006, to determine differences in fish assemblage structures between a mangrove site and an adjacent site completely cleared of mangroves. The overall numbers of fish species and individuals were significantly higher at the mangrove site than the cleared site in both months. Although benthic crustacean feeders showed more species and individual numbers at the mangrove site in both months, the opposite was found for zooplankton feeders. A cluster analysis, based on the abundance of each species, demonstrated that the fish assemblage structures were distinctly different between the two sites. In addition, significant differences in length frequency distributions for each of the four most abundant species were found between the sites in February and/or July. Small individuals of Scatophagus argus, Ambassis nalua, and Tetraodon nigroviridis were more common at the mangrove site, and of Chelon subviridis at the cleared site. These results suggest that mangrove deforestation exerts marked effects on fish assemblages.     

三沙湾海域化学需氧量（COD）分布特征及相关性分析

2012年5月和11月对三沙湾海域水质化学需氧量( COD)进行大面积调查研究,结果表明,2012年三沙湾海域COD含量变化范围为0．52~2．13 mg/L,平均含量为0．94 mg/L;水平分布特征呈西北侧向东南水域逐渐递减的趋势,白马港海域COD含量最高;秋季高于春季;平均COD含量能达到一类海水水质标准要求;化学需氧量与活性硅酸盐、无机氮、总氮及悬浮物呈极显著正相关;与pH值、盐度呈极显著负相关。