Immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 derived in vitro from Rhododendron spiciferum

The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 (PAA-1) from leaves of Rhododendron spiciferum (Ericaceae). In vitro tests showed that PAA-1 stimulated cell proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and increased CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell populations. PAA-1 also regulated the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, this study showed that PAA-1 exhibited a significant effect on NBT dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity responses in macrophages, indicating effective phagocytic activation. These results revealed that PAA-1 exhibits immunomodulatory activity without a clear dose response.     

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Blood During the Development of Oligofructose-Induced Laminitis in Horses

Systemic inflammation is a risk factor for laminitis in horses and precedes the onset of lameness in experimental models. We therefore hypothesized that whole-blood inflammatory cytokine expression would increase during the development of laminitis in a carbohydrate overload model. Blood samples were obtained from 14 horses undergoing laminitis induction with 10 g/kg oligofructose as part of another study. Samples were collected at 0, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours, and lameness evaluations were performed every 4 hours. Expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in whole blood by using real-time PCR. IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 expression increased above baseline from 8 to 24 hours (P < .001), and IL-6 expression increased at 16 and 20 hours (P = .005). Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α did not change over time. All horses developed clinical laminitis between 12 and 24 hours. Increased mean IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 expression detected at 8 hours therefore preceded the onset of lameness. We conclude that peripheral leukocyte cytokine expression increases as systemic inflammation develops in an alimentary carbohydrate overload model of laminitis, and this precedes detection of lameness. Results support current recommendations to control the systemic inflammatory response in order to lower the risk of laminitis in horses.     

Bi-directional regulation of histamine in tumor immunity

Histamine is one of the important mediators of many diseases such as hypersensitivity, gastric ulcer, and inflammat ion.It regulates the local immune response in tumor tissues by multiple mechanisms with ambivalent and double-faced effects, which have been uncovered partially by thorough molecular immunological analyses. Histamine has differential ef ects on the growth of tumor cell depending on selective reaction with its receptors, and on the secretion of variety of cytokines from local activated immune cells in a reciprocal manner by shifting TH1/TH2 polarization towards predominance of TH2. In this review, we summa rized recent data suggesting that endogenous histamine should be an important correlated factor involved in bi-directional regulat ion both to tumor tissue and to infiltrating immune cells.     

生物技术抗肿瘤的研究进展

生物治疗是应用生物技术对各种疾病(如恶性肿瘤、先天性遗传病、传染性疾病、心血管疾病、风湿免疫性疾病等)进行治疗的1种新的治疗手段。生物治疗采用的生物技术主要包括抗体治疗技术、细胞因子技术、疫苗治疗技术、基因治疗技术等,下面主要就肿瘤的生物治疗进行阐述。     

Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 based on its pathophysiological mechanisms

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in early December 2019, which dominated by pneumonia. As of March 11, 2020, the overall confirmed cases in China had reached 80 955. Part of them became seriously ill, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Therefore, how to prevent the patients from becoming serious is a key point in the treatment and control of COVID-19. This review provides an overview of pathophysiology of cytokine storm which was associated with COVID-19 severity, and proposes that anti-inflammation, antioxidation and oxygen-therapy at the early stage of disease are better therapeutic option to save COVID-19 patients.     

胡黄连单体ScrocaffesideA对小鼠细胞因子分泌影响的体外研究

[目的]研究ScrocaffesideA（SA）免疫调节活性,为新型免疫增强剂的开发提供试验依据。[方法]从西藏胡黄连的根茎中分离鉴定得到的单体E-咖啡酰基-6-（4-O-β—D一吡喃葡萄糖基）-E一咖啡酰基-O-β—D一吡喃葡萄糖苷,命名为ScrocaffesideA（SA）。通过用不同浓度的SA协同ConA体外刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞,采用双抗夹心ELISA法,检测细胞上清中细胞因子的分泌量。[结果]不同浓度SA协同ConA（5mg／L）与细胞作用24及48h后,在25和125mg／L浓度组显著上调了Th1细胞分泌的主要细胞因子IL-2、IL一12和IFN一1的分泌量;Th2细胞分泌的主要细胞因子IL-4和IL—10分泌量也显著升高,仅IL一10的分泌量在48h,SA浓度为125ms／L剂量时有所下降。[结论]SA能上调相关细胞因子的表达,具有免疫增强作用。     

鸡新城疫防制研究进展

新城疫的防控措施主要以疫苗预防为主,药物治疗为辅。文章就当前使用的疫苗种类、应用现状、治疗药物的种类、抗病毒机理进行综述,以期对新城疫的防制提供参考。     

TLR7 agonist enhances anti-tumor activity of PBMCs from patient of renal cell carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the effect of Toll-like receptor 7(TLR7) agonist on the anti-tumor activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the patient with renal cell carcinoma.METHODS:Primary renal cancer cells from the postoperative specimens of the patient were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patient stimulated by TLR7 agonist. The cytokine levels in culture medium were measured by ELISA, and the cell cycle distribution of the renal cell carcinoma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The anti-tumor activity of PBMCs was evaluated by[⁵¹Cr] release trial. The protein levels of Skp2 and its downstream pathway molecules were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:TLR7 agonist increased the expression of interferon-γ(IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the co-cultured medium, which significantly inhibited the proliferation index of the renal cell carcinoma cells. The cytotoxicity of PBMCs to renal cell carcinoma cells was markedly increased (P<0.05). The protein level of Skp2 in renal cell carcinoma cells was decreased significantly after stimulation, which was consistent with the change of cell proliferation index of renal cell carcinoma cells(P<0.05). The protein level of p27 was increased significantly (P<0.05), which was opposite to the change of Skp2. However, no significant difference in the expression of p21 and p53 was observed. CONCLUSION:TLR7 agonist effectively enhances the anti-tumor activity of PBMCs and results in the growth of renal cell carcinoma cells inhibiting. The mechanism may be relate to the cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the Skp2/p27 pathway.     

Development of an improved ESAT-6 and CFP-10 peptide-based cytokine flow cytometric assay for bovine tuberculosis

Control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) continues to be a problem world-wide because of difficulties in identifying infected animals at all stages of infection. The use of the IFN-γ release assays (IGRA) as an ancillary test with the tuberculin skin tests has improved the ability to identify infected animals. However, infected animals may still be missed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a rapid flow-cytometric assay based on intracellular cytokine staining as an alternative to the in vitro IFN-γ release assay (IGRA). Antigen-specific cells producing IFN-γ were identified after a 6 h stimulation with PPD-B, PPD-A and ESAT-6/CFP-10. Defined groups of animals naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis (Mbv), animals infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and uninfected control animals were analysed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the optimized assay. Both antemortem and postmortem diagnostic tests were carried out to verify the status of infection. We show that IFN-γ is induced in T cells from whole blood samples from cattle infected with Mbv 6 h post stimulation with PPD-B, PPD-A and ESAT-6/CFP-10, whereas non-infected animals did not respond. Four colour flow cytometric analysis demonstrated responding cells were CD45R0⁺CD69⁺CD4⁺ memory T cells. Also, the response to stimulation with ESAT-6/CFP-10 can be used to distinguish between cattle infected with Mbv and cattle exposed to NTM. Although further studies are needed, the results indicate that detection of intracellular IFN-γ may represent an important alternative approach for improved method of detection of cattle secreting IFN-γ below levels of detection in culture medium.