氯氰菊酯通过食物链在鲤鱼肾脏和小肠中的生物积累效应

以鲤鱼为研究对象,对常用农药氯氰菊酯通过食物链（蔬菜-黄粉虫幼虫-鲤鱼）在鲤鱼肾脏和小肠内的富集效应进行了研究。饲喂的蔬菜农药残留剂量为2．00mg·kg^-1和10．00mg·kg^-1,通过HPLC定量检测黄粉虫幼虫体内及鲤鱼肾脏和小肠内氯氰菊酯的富集浓度,同时对鲤鱼肾脏和小肠组织结构进行了观察。结果显示,氯氰菊酯在黄粉虫幼虫及鲤鱼体内的富集浓度与剂量呈正相关,在食物链中的富集呈逐级递增,且对黄粉虫幼虫及鲤鱼的摄食情况及活动能力有明显的影响,随着处理时间的延长及剂量的增大,氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼肾脏及小肠结构损伤程度也增大。因此,杀虫剂氯氰菊酯的使用会通过食物链对环境中生物乃至人类健康和生态平衡造成影响,应慎重使用。     

乡土用材棕榈藤种半同胞家系的早期选择

本文根据61个单叶省藤家系、31个版纳省藤家系和83个黄藤家系5年生试验林的生长表现,以10%的入选率、不低于1.96的选择强度,初步筛选折算单位面积产量高的单叶省藤家系6个、版纳省藤家系3个和黄藤家系8个,产量比参试家系群体总体平均值分别高111m/667m²、124m/667m²和598m/667m²。研究结果为高产棕榈藤家系早期选择提供依据,有助于高产棕榈藤品系的早日育成。     

构建鲤现代种业的核心技术

对于任何一个农业物种而言,现代种业核心技术包括3个方而：收集与创制最优良的种质资源、建立先进实用的育种技术、方便的可最大化利用上述资源的数据库及网站。针对鲤这个水产养殖种,黑龙江水产研究所及合作单位经过30多年的研究积累和创制了抗寒能力强、生长速度快、肉质好的三大系列种质,在此基础七已经培育出6个水产新品种;构建了基于亲本遗传距离的分子育种技术,并在常规育种技术的使用过程中增加了统计分析和染色体操作技术,如BLUP技术、雌核发育技术等,将现代育种技术充分地运用于鲤的品种培育之中;同时建瓿了涵盖表型、生物学特征、一般遗传参数的鲤种质数据库和涵盖基因、标记及经济性状QTLs的鲤基因组数据库,使鲤具备了现代种业需要的生物学、遗传学、基因组学的完整数据库。综上所述,初步构建了鲤现代种业的核心技术。     

Seasonal Differences in Growth Performance of Four Strains of Common Carp,Cyprinus carpio in India

To assess strain related differences in growth performance and growth patterns under the same culture environment, four strains of common carp, two each of the scale carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Chinese big-belly carp and long bodied carp) and mirror carp, C. carpio var. specularis (scattered carp and linear carp) were communally stocked in three fertilized earthen ponds of 0.14 ha each at 5,000 fish ha^?1 in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 during an 11-month (February to December) culture cycle. Chinese big-belly carp grew larger than other groups, among which there were no significant differences. Scale carp strains performed relatively better than mirror carp at higher temperatures and then essentially stopped growing as temperatures declined into winter. The strains of mirror carp, on the other hand continued growing well later into the cold season.     

Effects of myo‐inositol on proliferation,differentiation, oxidative status and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes in primary culture

This study investigated the effects of myo‐inositol (MI) on the growth and antioxidant capacity of carp enterocytes. The enterocytes were incubated in media containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 mg MI L^?1 for 96 h. The results indicated that MI could increase cell viability. In addition, the activities of cellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT), Na⁺, K⁺‐adenosine trisphosphatase (Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase) and creatinkinase (CK) increased with MI supplementation at levels ranging from 15 to 60 mg MI L^?1 medium, indicating an improvement in cell differentiation and function. Further, enzymatic antioxidant ability, as measured by total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), Cu/Zn‐SOD, Mn‐SOD, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities, improved with MI supplementation. Finally, cell damage, as indicated by lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the medium and cellular protein carbonyls (PC), was all depressed by MI. Correlation analyses showed that cell viability (MTT) was positively related to the antioxidant enzyme activities, but negatively related to cell damage (LDH, MDA and PC). In summary, the data showed that MI could improve the growth of fish enterocytes. This result may be partly due to the enhanced antioxidant status and depressed oxidative damage.     

建鲤生长激素促泌素受体1基因的特性及其与增重相关SNP位点的筛选

GHS-R基因在哺乳类为候选的肥胖和生长数量性状位点。本实验使用RT-PCR及PCR的方法,从建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.jian)分离到2个jlGHS-R1s,称为jlGHS-R1a和jlGHS-R1b(分别简称1a和1b)。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框编码360个氨基酸,两者间相似性高达96%;另外还存在2个jlGHS-R1s的转录变体(分别简称1a’和1b’),选择性切割了翻译起始碱基后第490-680 nt的191 bp片段,该片段两端碱基分别为gt-ag,这种选择性切割导致翻译提前终止,仅翻译184个氨基酸,包括前面3个半跨膜区,这与已报道的罗非鱼等的保留内含子的转录变体不同。jlGHS-R1s的阅读框被1个内含子分隔,该内含子位于第260个氨基酸密码子的第1和第2个碱基之间,1a和1b的内含子长度分别为676 bp和885 bp。使用分段PCR在建鲤群体的1a和1b基因上共找到32个SNP位点,构建PCR-RFLP法对其中9个SNPs进行基因型检测,结果发现各种基因型在322尾建鲤中均有出现,但存在着明显的偏分布。与增重的相关分析表明,位点1a-I_C386T和1b-E1_G159T与雌雄鱼鱼种和成鱼阶段增重分别呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,CC型和GG型个体增重最快,另外有5个位点则与其中的某阶段或者某性别的增重相关,为了确定上述所得标记的适用性,选取其中4个标记在另外7个家系共610尾鱼中检测,结果 C386T和G159T还是与增重呈极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)相关,可用于建鲤分子育种。     

Lipid peroxidation,protein oxidant and antioxidant status of muscle and serum for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed grade levels of methionine hydroxy analogue

Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant status of serum and muscle in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg^?1 diet) for 60 days were investigated. Both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in serum and muscle decreased with increasing dietary MHA level up to 5.1–10.2 g kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). Anti‐hydroxyl radical and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in muscle and serum, as well as anti‐superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content in serum, increased with optimal MHA supplement (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, glutathione‐S‐transferase activity in serum showed a downward trend with dietary MHA up to 7.6 g kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). These results indicated that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in serum and muscle.     

饲料脂肪水平对锦鲤幼鱼生长和血液生化指标的影响

本实验以初始体重为(5.85±0.19)g红白锦鲤(Cyprinus carpio L)幼鱼为实验对象,研究在螺旋藻添加量为12%时,饲料脂肪水平对锦鲤生长、饲料表观消化率、肠道消化酶和血液生化指标的影响。实验设5.36%、7.74%、10.52%、12.85%、15.45%5个脂肪梯度,每组设3个重复,每个重复10尾鱼,表观饱食投喂60 d。结果显示:脂肪水平为5.36%～10.52%,锦鲤增重率(BWG)、特定生长率(SGR)随脂肪水平的升高而升高,均在脂肪水平为10.52%时,达到最大值。实验鱼血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)随脂肪添加比例呈现先下降再升高的趋势,脂肪水平为12.85%后,血清ALT显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪水平为15.45%时,血清GLU浓度显著升高(P<0.05),而甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHOL)随脂肪水平的升高各实验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,螺旋藻添加量一定时,锦鲤适宜脂肪添加水平为10.52%。     

直投式白菜泡菜发酵及杀菌工艺研究

[目的]优化直投式白菜泡菜发酵工艺及杀菌工艺。[方法]比较接种发酵和自然发酵过程中总酸度、pH值和活菌总数的变化,并对泡菜进行感官评定;比较了微波杀菌和超高压杀菌的效果;最后考察了白菜泡菜发酵液的抑菌活性。[结果]接种发酵缩短了发酵时间,其最佳工艺参数为：接种量0.4%,盐浓度4.0%;以微波杀菌和超高压杀菌为代表的杀菌方式都具有良好的杀菌效果,有望取代现有的热杀菌方式;泡菜发酵液具有抑菌活性,对延长泡菜货架期可产生积极作用。[结论]该研究可为直投式白菜泡菜的工业化生产提供科学依据。     

5种体色瓯江彩鲤的繁殖性能研究

为了解不同体色瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar.color)的繁殖性能差异,对5种体色类型(全红、大花、麻花、粉玉和粉花)瓯江彩鲤在2、3龄阶段的繁殖性能进行了研究。结果表明:3龄雌鱼的绝对繁殖力平均为34.55万粒,比2龄雌鱼的20.09万粒高71.98%;3龄雌鱼的体重相对繁殖力为216.76粒/g,比2龄雌鱼的187.26粒/g高15.75%,3龄雌鱼的繁殖性能极显著地高于2龄雌鱼(P<0.01);而5种不同体色瓯江彩鲤的性腺指数、绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力均不存在显著差异(P>0.05);瓯江彩鲤的绝对繁殖力与体重呈直线关系:Y=0.0225X-2.5591(R=0.835 5,P<0.01);绝对繁殖力与体长呈幂函数关系:Y=0.0068X^2.8002(R=0.728 5,P<0.01)。3龄雄鱼的性腺重极显著地高于2龄雄鱼(P<0.01),但2龄与3龄雄鱼间的性腺指数不存在显著差异(P>0.05),不同体色雄鱼间的平均性腺指数也不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。综合分析认为:瓯江彩鲤的最佳繁殖年龄,雌性以3~4龄为宜,雄性以2~3龄为宜。