Effect of Rice Root System on Methane Transmission Velocity

以不同水稻品种为材料 ,通过实验室手段测定水培稻株甲烷传输速率 ,研究水稻根系对甲烷传输的影响。结果表明 :在水培液中加叠氮化钠对汕优 63和冒子头的甲烷传输都有一定的抑制作用 ,但使 2个品种甲烷传输速率明显减小的浓度不一致 ,汕优 63为 0 .1× 10 - 8,冒子头为 0 .5× 10 - 8。说明品种间对叠氮化钠耐性存在差异。通过进一步对汕优 63水稻根系剪切处理表明 :剪根后甲烷传输速率随之改变 ,留根条数、根重与甲烷传输速率的变化均呈明显的线性正相关 ;仅切除根尖 ,甲烷传输速率大幅度下降 ,降低了 5 0 .8%。这些结果说明稻根的主动吸收 ,对稻体的甲烷传输起十分重要的作用     

肇松松花江特大桥高程监控中温度影响的探讨

在悬臂浇筑法施工中，如何控制主梁的标高及其变化，是施工监控所要解决的首要问题之一。而影响悬臂浇筑法施工的因素众多，有梁体自重、张拉力、混凝土的收缩、徐变、活载和温度变化引起标高变化。在肇松松花江特大桥施工控制实践中，温度变化引起悬臂箱梁标高不断发生变化，主要是竖向温度场的变化引起各悬浇块标高的变化，即由日照温度变化引起的变形。此项变形值在施工高程控制中以实测的温度变形速度计入。     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

南京地被小菊应用现状分析及引种小菊品种的性状比较

对南京目前地被小菊的应用现状进行分析,引种国庆小菊和秋小菊品种共14个,对其部分观赏性状进行观测和统计分析,并筛选可以用作地被种植的品种。结果表明,国庆小菊和秋小菊分别有3个和8个品种具有更加优良的观赏性状,可以在南京用作园林绿化上种植的地被植物。     

Prediction of transverse shrinkages of young-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) with ultrasonic measurements

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of acoustic measurement as a rapid and nondestructive method to predict the dimensional stability of young-growth Sitka spruce and western hemlock. Ultrasonic velocity, peak energy, specific gravity, and radial and tangential shrinkages were measured on twenty-four 25-×102-×y 25-mm specimens obtained from a 58-year-old stand in Southeast Alaska. We found that specific gravity and peak energy of ultrasonic signals were not good predictors of transverse shrinkage, as indicated by poor correlations. Ultrasonic velocity, on the other hand, was found to be a significant predictor of transverse shrinkage and therefore has good potential to be used as a field method to evaluate dimensional stability. The single-parameter prediction model explained 86% of transverse shrinkages in western hemlock and 71% of transverse shrinkages in Sitka spruce. Further study is needed to test the capability and feasibility of using acoustic velocity to predict both longitudinal and transverse shrinkages of wood in standing trees.     

低循环风速下木材表层水分蒸发的试验研究

木材干燥过程中,介质循环速度是一个影响木材干燥的重要工艺参数.在木材各含水率阶段,通过试验分析研究不同介质循环速度对木材干燥速度的影响.结果表明,介质循环速度对干燥速度的影响显著,但其影响随木材含水率（MC）的降低而减弱.在低介质循环速度条件下,试件MC大于45％时,表现为木材干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）随循环风速的增加而增加,呈显著正相关关系;试件MC介于35％ ～ 45％之间时,正相关关系存在但不显著;试件MC小于35％时,干燥室内循环风速的大小不影响木材的干燥速度和木材含水率偏差（△MC）.对试件表层含水率分析,试件表层含水率大于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响显著;试件表层含水率小于25％时,试件表面循环风速对试件表层含水率的影响很小,不同循环风速下试件表层含水率基本一样.     

天津市规模化畜禽养殖污染现状及减排潜力挖掘

以2014年天津市十大涉农区县规模化畜禽养殖量数据为基础,核算出天津市规模化畜禽养殖典型污染物COD和氨氮的排放量,并运用地理信息系统(GIS)对天津市规模化畜禽养殖污染的区域分布特征进行了分析。基于该市规模化畜禽养殖污染现状,以粪尿处理工艺与排放去向为控减方向,设定了3种控减情景,深度挖掘规模化畜禽养殖污染减排潜力。结果表明:2014年天津市规模化畜禽养殖COD排放量为29 795.20 t,氨氮排放量为1 805.71 t。通过大力推进商品有机肥生产、实现畜禽污水深度处理与资源化利用以及应用生物发酵床养殖技术等控减措施,能够实现近12 424.50 t COD和1 044.24 t氨氮的削减量,污染减排潜力巨大。在此基础上,有针对性地提出了天津市畜禽养殖业污染防治对策与建议,为相关部门进一步开展规模化畜禽养殖污染防治提供参考。     

霍山漫水河百合产业发展现状与对策

在介绍漫水河百合产业历程与发展现状的基础上,分析了百合产业发展中存在的问题,从建立育繁基地、扶持龙头企业、加强科研攻关和加大宣传力度等方面为漫水河百合产业发展提出了新的对策,为漫水河百合产业发展提供参考。     

议作物育种技术与中国种业安全

种业的发展对保障我国粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。文章详细论述了作物新品种在农业生产中的作用、作物育种技术的发展阶段以及现代育种技术与种业发展的关系,并针对目前我国种业发展现状和存在的问题,提出了加强以生物技术为核心的现代育种技术的规模化应用、把农业种质资源保护提到战略高度、进一步明确公立科研院所(校)在现阶段种业发展中科研主导地位等建议。     

有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼形态特征的影响

为了考察有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼形态特征的影响,在(25±0.5)℃水温条件下,将大小相当的144尾中华倒刺鲃幼鱼(19.52±0.03)g,(10.29±0.02) cm轻度麻醉后随机分为4组:对照组、1 bl/s(体长/秒)训练组、2 bl/s训练组和4 bl/s训练组,在相应流速下训练8周(18 h/d)后,从各实验组中各随机挑选中华倒刺鲃,幼鱼12尾,测量并计算其形态特征参数.结果显示1 bl/s训练组尾柄侧面积显著大于对照组(p＜0.05);2 bl/s训练组的腹鳍前长、头长、叉长、尾柄侧面积及尾鳍面积等参数均显著大于对照组(p＜0.05);而4 bl/s训练组头高、体高、体高与体长比显著大于对照组(p＜0.05),其他形态参数较对照组无显著差异.研究结果表明有氧运动训练对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的形态特征产生了显著影响;中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在不同流速下表现出的形态特征差异可能与其游泳速度和能量消耗相关.