全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究在湖羊全混合颗粒料中添加不同类型蛋氨酸(蛋氨酸钙盐与蛋氨酸羟基类似物异丙酯)对湖羊生长性能及血清生化指标、抗氧化指标和激素含量的影响.选取体重为(19.99±2.04)kg的健康湖羊72只,随机分为3组:对照组、试验Ⅰ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t蛋氨酸钙盐)和试验Ⅱ组(在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg...     

Effect of dietary protein reduction with lysine and methionnine supplementation on growth performance,body composition and total ammonia nitrogen excretion of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

A 63‐day growth trial was undertaken to estimate the effects of supplemented lysine and methionine with different dietary protein levels on growth performance and feed utilization in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six plant‐based practical diets were prepared, and 32CP, 30CP and 28CP diets were formulated to contain 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 crude protein without lysine and methionine supplementation. In the supplementary group, lysine and methionine were added to formulate 32AA, 30AA and 28AA diets with 320 g kg^?1, 300 g kg^?1 and 280 g kg^?1 dietary crude protein, respectively, according to the whole body amino acid composition of Grass Carp. In the groups without lysine and methionine supplementation, weight gain (WG, %) and specific growth rate (SGR, % day^?1) of the fish fed 32CP diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed 30CP and 28CP diets, but no significant differences were found between 30CP‐ and 28CP‐diet treatments. WG and SGR of the fish fed 32AA and 30AA diets were significantly higher than that of fish fed 28AA diets, and the performance of grass carp was also significantly improved when fed diets with lysine and methionine supplementation (P < 0.05), and the interaction between dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation was noted between WG and SGR (P < 0.05). Feed intake (FI) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05), but feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a significant decreasing trend (P < 0.05). Two days after total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration test, the values of TAN discharged by the fish 8 h after feeding were 207.1, 187.5, 170.6, 157.3, 141.3 and 128.9 mg kg^?1 body weight for fish fed 32CP, 32AA, 30CP, 30AA, 28CP and 28AA diets, respectively. TAN excretion by grass carp was reduced in plant‐based practical diets with the increase in dietary protein level and the supplementation of lysine and methionine (P < 0.05). The results indicated that lysine and methionine supplementation to the plant protein sources‐based practical diets can improve growth performance and feed utilization of grass carp, and the dietary crude protein can be reduced from 320 g kg^?1 to 300 g kg^?1 through balancing amino acids profile. The positive effect was not observed at 280 g kg^?1 crude protein level.     

日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、胴体组成和粪便中铜含量的影响

试验旨在评估日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能和粪便铜含量的影响。选取1056只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,分为硫酸铜组、蛋氨酸螯合铜组2个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复132只。结果显示:在生长性能方面,饲粮中添加不同铜源对肉鸭各阶段日采食量、日增重和出栏体重影响不显著(P>0.05)。全期来看,添加蛋氨酸螯合铜组肉鸭1~38日龄料重比显著改善(P<0.05)。在屠宰性能方面,不同铜源对肉鸭各胴体指标均影响不显著(P>0.05)。蛋氨酸螯合铜组肉鸭粪便中铜含量比硫酸铜组高0.8mg/kg,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,除料重比外,日粮添加不同铜源对肉鸭生长性能、粪铜含量影响无显著差异。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The effect of dietary methionine levels on endogenous nitrogen and endogenous amino acids flows in growing goats

The effect of dietary methionine (Met) levels on endogenous N and amino acids (AA) flows at different part of the digestive tract of growing goats was determined using a ¹⁵N isotope dilution technique. Three goats (25 ± 2.5 kg) were fitted with the ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae and allocated to three dietary treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The dietary treatments consisted of a total mixed ration containing three levels of Met (0.15%, 0.25% and 0.35%) respectively. It was found that at 0.15% Met level, the lowest flow in endogenous N and total AA at the duodenum and ileum occurred. The endogenous N secretion contributed to 26% and 23% of the duodenal and ileal total N flows, respectively, and the proportions were not affected by the dietary Met levels. The duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous total AA were 11.1, 11.8, 11.3 g/d and 2.9, 3.9, 4.1 g/d respectively. The average real digestibility of N was 65%, 87% and 95% in the forestomach, intestine and whole digestive tract respectively.     

蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清游离氨基酸含量和肝脏蛋氨酸代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、血清游离氨基酸含量和肝脏蛋氨酸代谢相关酶基因表达的影响。选取180只62周龄的海兰灰蛋鸡,根据产蛋率均匀分成3组(每组6个重复,每个重复10只):对照组饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.33%的饲粮,蛋氨酸缺乏组分别饲喂蛋氨酸水平为0.21%和0.27%的饲粮,试验期90d。结果表明:1)饲粮蛋氨酸缺乏显著降低了蛋鸡的平均日采食量、产蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均蛋重和不合格蛋率(P0.05),显著提高了料蛋比(P0.05)。2)蛋氨酸缺乏显著降低蛋鸡血清中蛋氨酸的含量(P0.05)。0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡血清中丝氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸的含量显著高于其他2组(P0.05)。0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡血清中缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和精氨酸的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),脯氨酸的含量显著低于0.21%蛋氨酸组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中DNA甲基转移酶1、N6-甲基腺苷(m6 A)甲基转移酶3(METTL3)和m6 A甲基转移酶14的表达量显著提高(P0.05),0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中METTL3的表达量显著提高(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,0.21%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中甲硫氨酸腺苷转移酶1a、5-甲基四氢叶酸-同型半胱氨酸甲基转移酶(MTR)和胱硫醚-β-合成酶的表达量显著提高(P0.05),0.27%蛋氨酸组蛋鸡肝脏中MTR的表达量显著提高(P0.05)。蛋氨酸缺乏对蛋鸡肝脏甲硫氨酸腺苷高半胱氨酸酶和甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶的表达量无显著影响(P0.05)。由以上结果可知:蛋鸡饲粮高水平的蛋氨酸缺乏会降低蛋鸡的生产性能,可能与蛋氨酸缺乏改变蛋氨酸代谢途径,影响DNA和RNA的甲基化过程有关。     

蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

以19周龄开产海兰褐蛋鸡为试验动物,采用饲养、屠宰试验和蛋品质分析测定等方法,研究蛋氨酸对开产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:除添加0.4%组部分指标劣于对照组外,各试验组蛋品质均有不同程度提高,且以添加0.2%蛋氨酸水平组影响最显著,较对照组日均产蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数分别提高5.94%、9.0%、9.84%(P<0.05),料蛋比和蛋黄中胆固醇含量降低8.29%和1.67%(P<0.05)。     

保护性蛋氨酸与赖氨酸在奶牛生产中的应用

乳蛋白是体现牛奶质量的重要指标,乳蛋白氨基酸来源于日粮氨基酸。乳蛋白中酪蛋白、乳白蛋白和乳球蛋白除了满足人体基本营养需求,还对人体生长、发育和健康发挥重要作用,是动物源优质蛋白质来源。蛋氨酸与赖氨酸是奶牛日粮限制性氨基酸,不仅是乳蛋白合成的重要底物,同时还作为信号分子调控乳蛋白基因表达。本文综述了奶牛氨基酸需要与来源、必需氨基酸、限制性氨基酸、保护性蛋氨酸和赖氨酸在日粮中的应用,阐述了氨基酸营养在蛋白质合成代谢中的核心作用,为指导奶牛日粮配方提供参考。     

Gamna‐Gandy bodies: a case of mistaken identity in the spleen of a cat

A 4‐year‐old, female spayed Domestic Shorthair cat was presented for a 2‐day history of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Diagnostic assessments revealed a severe, regenerative anemia and the presence of a solitary, 3 × 4 cm splenic mass. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates of the splenic mass showed sheets of pleomorphic histiocytic cells with numerous intracellular and extracellular, negatively staining to deeply basophilic, branching structures. These structures were typically of thin uniform thickness with random angled branching that formed geometrical shapes and fragments, occasionally with sharpened ends and a crystalline appearance. Septal‐like divisions were irregularly spaced along some of the linear branches. The cytology was interpreted as a probable histiocytic inflammatory response to the unidentified foreign material with histiocytic sarcoma as a differential diagnosis. Histopathologic evaluation of the splenic mass resulted in a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The branching material stained positively for both iron and calcium, indicating that the material was compatible with Gamna‐Gandy bodies present secondary to tumor‐associated hemorrhage and the formation of calcium–iron complexes.     

Application of Protein Feed Processed by Microbial Fermentation to Dairy Cow

Methionine(Met)and lysine(Lys)have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids(AA)for maximum milk yield and milk protein production.Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment.This observation utilized fermented soybean meal(SBM),cottonseed meal(CSM),rapeseed meal(RSM)and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow.The results showed that the milk production,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group(P<0.01),the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield,milk protein and milk fat content.The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed,the group of 0.5%was the best compared with the other groups.     

过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸稳定性及其评定方法的研究

本研究应用双外流连续培养系统和瘤胃尼龙袋法检验动物油包被蛋氨酸在瘤胃中的稳定性。根据动物油添加比例不同(分别添加20%、30%和40%),保护性蛋氨酸分为过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸I(RPMet-I)、过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸II(RPMet-II)和过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸III(RPMet-III)。试验结果表明:与未包被蛋氨酸相比,动物油包被蛋氨酸在瘤胃中的释放率显著降低(P<0.05);动物油添加比例不同对于过瘤胃保护蛋氨酸的稳定性影响显著(P<0.05)。不同形式保护性蛋氨酸在双外流连续培养系统中的降解趋势与在瘤胃中的降解趋势相似,且应用双外流连续培养系统测定各个时间点保护性蛋氨酸的释放率简单、稳定,与瘤胃尼龙袋法相比各个时间点的释放率均存在强相关回归关系(n=5,P<0.01),因此该系统适宜于评定保护性氨基酸的稳定性。