不同灌水量对枸杞土壤水分动态及蒸散耗水规律的影响

为了充分利用有限的水资源,调节土壤水分状况,根据枸杞生育期内土壤水分的变化特点,利用时域反射仪,在非称重式蒸渗仪（测坑）中研究不同灌水量下枸杞土壤水分动态变化和耗水规律。结果表明：灌水是影响枸杞园内土壤水分变化重要因素,土壤水分的消耗主要依靠灌水来补充;枸杞耗水量显著受土壤水分的影响,土壤越湿润,耗水量也越大;受温度和枸杞生长的影响,不同水分条件下枸杞月耗水高峰在5-9月,最高月耗水量在7月;最高旬耗水量分别在5月下旬、6月中旬和7月下旬;阶段耗水量的趋势均表现为：盛果期＞盛花期＞营养生长期＞秋果生长期＞秋果采收期。     

Persistence of Gunnison’s prairie dog colonies in Arizona, USA

Although the five species of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) are recognized as important components of grassland ecosystems in western North America, they have experienced major population declines due to poisoning, outbreaks of sylvatic plague, recreational shooting, and habitat conversion. From May 2000 to October 2001, we investigated 270 colonies of Gunnison’s prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) in Arizona. Because these colonies were classified as active in previous surveys (1987, 1990-1994, 1998), we were able to examine their persistence. Most (70%) of the colonies became inactive between the initial and recent surveys, with colony extinctions spanning our study area. Colony persistence was positively associated with the persistence of the nearest neighboring colony but was not associated with major vegetation type, distance to nearest neighboring colony, or initial size of the colony. The amount of area occupied by individual colonies varied between surveys, sometimes dramatically. We found little evidence that the reduction in active colonies was due to poisoning, recreational shooting, or habitat conversion. Rather, direct and indirect evidence suggest plague is the primary factor negatively impacting Gunnison’s prairie dog populations in Arizona. Currently, there is no way to control or prevent plague outbreaks in Gunnison’s prairie dog populations. To mitigate the effects of localized plague outbreaks on the overall population of this species, we suggest that Gunnison’s prairie dog be reintroduced to public lands throughout its historical range.     

植物抗病基因研究进展

对植物抗病基因的抗病反应的分子生物学机理,抗病基因的克隆方法,成功克隆的基因、抗病基因产物的结构特征及植物抗病基因类似序列研究现状进行了综述,并对植物抗病基因工程的研究取得的成绩、存在的问题及展望进行了简介。     

Penetrating injury at the thoracic inlet in a Paint‐Arab mare

A 12‐year‐old Paint‐Arab mare was admitted for evaluation of a penetrating chest laceration at the thoracic inlet. The left brachiocephalic muscle was transected and the recurrent laryngeal nerve was traumatised. Subsequent to the injury, the horse developed Horner's syndrome on the left side of the neck and face, Grade IV left laryngeal hemiplegia, dysphagia, cough and subcutaneous emphysema. The defect was closed in multiple layers. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory therapy was instituted along with local wound care. The mare remained bright and responsive and the wound healed normally. The mare showed no signs of respiratory distress. Dysphagia and ptosis persisted at 30 days post trauma.     

Fine-scale species co-occurrence patterns in an old-growth temperate forest

The pattern of species co-occurrence is instrumental for understanding community assembly rules. In this paper, we analyzed the co-occurrence of tree species in a 25-ha old-growth temperate forest plot in Northeastern China. The analysis was conducted at seven scales from 5 m × 5 m up to 100 m × 100 m in order to determine the patterns of co-occurrence at different spatial scales. Our analyses were conducted for all species, species with larger abundances, species with larger sizes, and five phylogenetic-based species groups. Our results showed that at smaller scales, the co-occurrence patterns of all species, species with larger abundances, and species with larger sizes were significantly higher than expected by chance, suggesting that strong interspecies competition exists in the community. At larger scales, there was no significant difference compared to randomized matrices. The result indicated that plant assembly rules are only found at small spatial scales. However, when co-occurrence metrics were restricted to phylogenetic groups, we could not find any clear evidence of interspecific competition within these groups. In conclusion, we found that competition is an important assembly rule at small scales in governing tree communities of our temperate forest, although it is not the only process involved. The importance of other processes should also be taken into account to explain species co-occurrence patterns.     

Suitability of Bi-linear Restoring Force Model in Earthquake Response Analysis

Based on the data of dynamic tests of small single-storey steel frames,the suitability of simplified hi-linear restoring force model in earthquake response analysis is discussed, and the Maximum displacement response MD, the sum of squares of the displacements in the whole vibrating history SSD, and the total dissipated energy EI are considered respectively as equivalent object.     

中国援坦桑尼亚农业技术示范中心玉米试验结果初报

2011年,从中国引入自育为主的10个杂交玉米品种,在援建坦桑尼亚农业技术示范中心与3个当地常规玉米品种进行小规模品比与栽培技术试验。初步结果：旱季试验实测平均667m2产量,杂交食用糯玉米（鲜粒）为568～847kg,杂交饲料玉米（干粒）为381～517kg,而当地常规食用白玉米（干粒）仅296～357kg,说明中国杂交玉米品种在坦桑尼亚有显著的增产潜力。     

Cortisol Concentrations in Well‐Regulated Dogs with Hyperadrenocorticism Treated with Trilostane

Background

There are no clear treatment guidelines for dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism in which serum cortisol concentrations before and after an ACTH stimulation test performed 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are < 2.0 μg/dL.

Objective

To determine if serum cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre1) and after (Post1) ACTH stimulation at 3–6 hours after trilostane administration are significantly lower than cortisol concentrations measured before (Pre2) and after (Post2) ACTH stimulation 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, in a specific population of dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 <2 μg/dL.

Animals

Thirteen client‐owned dogs with clinically well‐regulated hyperadrenocorticism and Pre1 and Post1 serum cortisol concentrations <2.0 μg/dL 3–6 hours after trilostane administration.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs had a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after trilostane administration, on the same day of the first ACTH stimulation test. Cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were compared using a paired t‐test.

Results

Cortisol concentrations before (1.4 ± 0.3 μg/dL) and after the first stimulation (1.5 ± 0.3 μg/dL, mean ± SD) were significantly lower than cortisol concentration before the second stimulation (3.3 ± 1.6 μg/dL, P = .0012 each). Cortisol concentration before the first stimulation was also significantly lower than cortisol concentration after the second stimulation (5.3 ± 2.4 μg/dL, P = .0001).

Conclusions and clinical importance

In dogs with clinically well‐regulated, trilostane‐treated, hyperadrenocorticism, and cortisol concentrations <2 μg/dL before and after the first stimulation, a second ACTH stimulation test performed 9–12 hours after treatment can result in higher cortisol concentrations that could support continued trilostane treatment.     

水稻纹枯病发生规律与化学防治技术研究

通过7种药剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果的试验研究,结果表明：防治纹枯病的最好时期应在7月上中旬;防治效果以爱苗防效最高,其次为百菌清和纹曲宁;产量性状以爱苗、纹曲宁、百菌清较好。     

花木装饰基本规律探析

花木装饰必须遵循美学规律,符合花木生物学特性的要求.花木美是自然美、人工美和社会美的综合体现.花木装饰中应遵循的基本规律有因地制宜,适地适树;因室制宜,适花适木;和谐统一,富于变化;比例适度,布置均衡;主题明确,重点突出;富有韵律,舒适流畅.