鹤蕉种质资源抗寒性和农艺性状的鉴定与评价

针对抗寒性、花期和观赏特性等几个农艺性状,对引进的67个鹤蕉品种进行了连续3年的大田圃鉴定与评价,筛选出适合在海南不同区域栽培的8个有应用价值的品种。旨在为鹤蕉的品种改良、栽培和开发利用提供参考。     

浙西北马尾松公益林分类研究与评价

为了研究浙江省西北部马尾松Pinus massoniana公益林的生态效益及高效马尾松的群落结构特征,以浙江西北重点区域马尾松公益林群落为对象,利用典型样地调查方法,在聚类分析、多样性分析、相似性分析的基础上对马尾松公益林进行全面剖析。结果表明:浙江省西北部马尾松公益林可分为7个类型,其中以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林类型(类型Ⅶ)多样性较大、生态效益较高;选用常绿阔叶林和以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林(类型Ⅶ)等2个类型作为优质高效公益林目标类型,并利用相似性分析将除以常绿阔叶为主的阔松复合混交林类型以外的马尾松公益林类型(类型Ⅰ~Ⅵ)划分为马尾松低效公益林。通过各森林类型物种丰富度、物种多样性分析,对马尾松公益林从演替理论进行剖析,为低效马尾松公益林分类建设提供科学依据。     

汕头市农产品质量安全监督与风险评估探析

为了提升农产品品质,加强对有害因子的分析与识别,提升社会公共安全问题,分析了汕头市农产品质量监督的现状与存在的问题,研究和探讨了如何加强农产品质量安全监督与风险评估建设,达到提升农产品质量监督与监测能力和推进农产品从源头、流通领域到消费者的食用安全的目的,全方位地确保农产品质量安全,确保民众食用健康和社会稳定。     

甘蔗品种比较试验结果评价

对新台糖27号等8个甘蔗品种进行两年品种比较试验,结果表明：各品种平均产量由高到低顺序为：新台糖22号＞粤糖94/128＞园林6号＞桂糖94/116＞园林3号＞桂糖94/119＞桂引9号＞新台糖27号：各品种平均蔗糖分由高到低顺序为：桂引9号＞新台糖27号＞园林6号＞桂糖94/116＞桂糖94/119＞新台糖22号＞粤糖94/128＞园林3号;各品种平均667m2含糖量由高到低顺序为：新台糖22号＞园林6号＞粤糖94/128＞桂糖94/116＞桂引9号＞新台糖27号＞桂糖94/119＞园林3号.     

垂穗披碱草种子萌发的耐盐性研究

以来自高寒草地不同海拔的3份野生垂穗披碱草种子为材料,采用培养皿纸上发芽法研究了0％、0．4％、0．6％、0．8％、1．0％和1．2％不同盐浓度对种子萌发的影响,以探讨3份垂穗披碱草种子萌发的耐盐能力。结果表明,低盐环境促进了种子的萌发;随着盐胁迫的增强,种子的发芽率、发芽指数与对照相比均显著下降。当盐浓度达到1．0％时,发芽势均等于0。通过对3份种质材料在盐胁迫下的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽指数等指标的综合评价表明：材料的耐盐性为G3〉G2〉G1。海拔与耐盐指标的相关性分析表明,种子的相对发芽率与海拔成正相关,种子的相对发芽势、发芽指数与海拔成负相关,但相关性均不显著。     

东海区刺鲳生长、死亡及资源利用状况评价

利用2001-2005年东海区26°30′～32°30′N，禁渔区线外200水深以浅的东海区大陆架海域底层拖网调查资料和生物学测定资料，利用ELEFAN I软件估算生长参数，拟合von-Bertalanffy生长方程,估算死亡系数，利用Beverton和Holt模型评价资源利用状况。研究结果表明：东海刺鲳的Von Bertalanffy生长方程的生长参数为:L_∞ =267.8 mm；K=0.45/a；t₀=-0.63 a。从生长速度看其生长过程是变化的，小时生长较快，当叉长达到178.5 mm时生长速度开始下降，此时年龄为1.81 a。利用Pauly公式和詹秉义等推导的M和最大年龄t_λ的线性回归方程求得自然死亡系数M=0.81，用FiSAT II软件中的长度变换渔获曲线法、BH模式和用CPUE估算总死亡系数，得到Z=3.87，捕捞死亡系数F=3.06。根据Beverton和Holt的单位补充量等渔获量曲线，现行渔业点即F=3.06，t_c=1.10 a位于最适产量区内，表明目前对刺鲳的资源利用较为合理，接近最大产量。保持目前的捕捞强度F=3.06和捕捞规格L_c=145 mm不变，不仅能够保持目前渔获量稳定，而且能够保护刺鲳的资源。刺鲳渔获量稳定且缓慢增长的重要原因在于开捕年龄较为合理，也就是网目尺寸较为合适，这对东海区主要经济鱼类资源的管理和保护具有很大的借鉴作用。     

Sensory evaluation of farmed sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)

The first attempts at applying aquacultural techniques to sharpsnoutseabream (Diplodus puntazzo) have proved very promising.One of the factors to keep in mind when analysing the viability of a speciesforindustrial farming is that of consumer acceptance of the product, a variablethat can be measured by sensory evaluation tests. To that end, 107 participantsfrom a number of work centres were assessed with hedonic sensory tests usingsharpsnout seabream samples. For reference purposes, the tasting also includedgilthead seabream samples. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnairethat included questions concerning their preferences for any one fish. Weanalysed the sensory attributes of both fish species using a hedonic scale, andalso their acceptability (disposition to purchase) to consumers. The resultsproved fairly encouraging with a view to sharpsnout seabream large-scaleproduction. All attributes tested in the sensory profile analysis werepositively rated. About 60% of the surveyed population would consider buyingsharpsnout seabream at a price similar to that of gilthead seabream (10),and 85% found it to be pleasing to the eye. Aside from flavour, its texture,juiciness and fat level are the most important appraisal attributes. Efforts toimprove the organoleptic characteristics of the species should focus mainly onthese attributes.     

Colonization history and human translocations explain the population genetic structure of the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in Fennoscandia: Implications for the management of a critically endangered species

1. The noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) is an endangered freshwater species in Europe. The main threat is from lethal crayfish plague, caused by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci that has been spread over Europe by introduced North American crayfish species, acting as chronic carriers of the disease.
2. Most of the remaining noble crayfish populations are found in the Baltic Sea area, and there is an urgent need to implement conservation actions to slow down or halt the extinction rate in this region. However, limited knowledge about the genetic structure of populations in this area has so far precluded the development of conservation strategies that take genetic aspects into consideration.
3. Key objectives of this large-scale genetic study, covering 77 locations mainly from northern Europe, were to describe the contemporary population genetic structure of the noble crayfish in the Fennoscandian peninsula (Sweden, Norway, and Finland), taking postglacial colonization history into account, and to evaluate how human activities such as stocking have affected the genetic structure of the populations.
4. Analyses of 15 microsatellite markers revealed three main genetic clusters corresponding to populations in northern, middle, and southern Fennoscandia, with measures of genetic diversity being markedly higher within populations in the southern cluster. The observed genetic structure probably mirrors two main colonizations of the Baltic Sea basin after the last glaciation period. At the same time, several deviations from this pattern were observed, reflecting past human translocations of noble crayfish.
5. The results are discussed in relation to the conservation and management of this critically endangered species. In particular, we recommend increased efforts to protect the few remaining noble crayfish populations in southern Fennoscandia and the use of genetic information when planning stocking activities, such as reintroductions following local extinctions.

     

不同贮藏条件对槟榔品质的影响

以新鲜槟榔为试材,研究不同包装方式与气体成分的保鲜效果。通过测定不同时间段果实的失重率、腐烂率及粗纤维含量,得出CA处理组优于MA处理组,即通过调节环境中的02与CO2含量可以延长槟榔的保鲜期,而由腐烂率及切分后槟榔的表观可以看出,CA2-2,即网兜装槟榔,置于023％、CO220％的气调瓶贮藏,效果最佳,贮藏30d较好保持槟榔果实原有品质。