基于层次分析-熵权法的内蒙古农牧交错带农业用水水平综合评价

在我国北方干旱半干旱地区,农业灌溉是水资源消耗的主要途径,农业水资源利用效率的高低,直接决定着区域可利用水资源量。为探究我国北方农牧交错带农业用水水平,以内蒙古农牧交错带农业灌溉用水为研究对象,在综合分析用水现状的基础上,通过层次分析—熵权法和模糊综合评价相结合的方法,选取体现农牧交错带农业用水特征的代表性指标,构建农牧交错的农业用水水平综合评价体系,对2020年内蒙古农牧交错带农业用水进行综合评价。结果表明：内蒙古农牧交错带各旗县间农业灌溉用水量相差较大,整体呈现东高西低趋势,灌溉水量为582.41～4 905.86 m³/hm²,灌溉水利用效率为51%～84%;各旗县农业用水综合评价得分为2.26～3.67,农业用水水平整体处于中等偏上,29个旗县中较高水平占比44.80%,中等水平占比55.20%;与作物水分利用效率(WUE)对比,构建的综合评价体系可以更真实地反映出农牧交错带农业用水实际情况,对于农牧交错带中农业用水水平处于中等偏下水平的旗县地区,需加大力度发展农业节水措施,提升农业水资源利用效率。     

旱区不同马铃薯品种的品质评价与分析

为评价天薯12号、定薯4号、庄薯3号、希森6号和青薯10号5个马铃薯品种的综合品质,以同一条件下生产的品种为试材,采用分级指数法对参试品种的单株块茎数、单株质量、单薯质量、商品薯率等经济性状和干物质、淀粉、蛋白质、维生素C、还原糖进行综合分级评价。结果表明,同一条件生长的不同马铃薯品种其田间表现和采后营养品质均存在较大差异,参试的5个品种中,青薯10号的综合评价指数最高,说明其综合品质最好;其余品种按综合评价指数由高到低依次为定薯4号、天薯12号、庄薯3号、希森6号。研究结果可为马铃薯的贮藏加工提供参考依据。     

青稞根腐病防治药剂筛选研究

青稞根腐病在藏区发生日趋频繁、严重,不仅导致青稞大量减产,且对其品质影响颇大。为筛出安全高效的藏区青稞根腐病防治药剂,以藏青2000为指示品种,选取11种常用根腐病防治药剂对其种子拌种或浸种处理进行田间防效试验,田间调查各处理物候期、成株根腐病发病率、防效、农艺性状和折合产量,并基于青稞根腐病发病率、千粒重与折合产量进行Topsis综合评价。结果发现,采用31.9%戊唑·吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂拌种处理(4.8 mL加水200 mL拌种1.6 kg,堆闷24 h)后播种,综合评价最优(Topsis统计量最大,为0.872 726),且植株综合农艺性状优良,根腐病发病率仅4.23%,防效达39.10%,青稞折合产量为2 165 kg/hm2,可考虑在藏区青稞生产中田间防治青稞根腐病时推广使用。     

肌苷酸的鲜味评价试验

试验对肌苷酸(IMP)及其与谷氨酸钠(MSG)的协同鲜味呈味作用进行了感官验证。试验结果表明,IMP的鲜味呈味作用显著,肉品IMP含量的差异会对肉品总体风味产生一定作用,作用大小与IMP和MSG等其它风味物的协同作用有关。     

基于NDVI的绿洲棉田土壤肥力质量评价方法研究

以天山北坡典型国营农场棉田为研究对象,探讨基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)的棉田土壤肥力质量评价方法.将棉花不同生育期表征长势的NDVI作为评价指标对棉田土壤肥力质量进行评价,再将NDVI与少量理化测定的土壤样点数据(有机质、有效磷含量等)共同作为评价指标,结合地统计方法与遥感影像聚类算法进行评价;并与完全基于土壤样品理化测定数据的评价结果进行比较、探讨基于NDVI评价方法对土壤肥力质量评价结果的准确性与可靠性.研究证明将NDVI与少量理化测定的土壤样点数据作为评价指标,能显著提高评价结果与棉田实际土壤肥力状况的一致性.基于NDVI的土壤肥力质量评价方法快速、简便,其评价结果可为研究绿洲棉田土壤质量及农业结构调整规划、耕地质量保护等提供科学依据.     

马尾松成熟林采脂量及效益分析

利用47年生马尾松成熟林,分别对3个径级组的产脂量和3个不同密度未采脂林的生长量进行了研究。结果表明:随着密度增加,胸径、树高和材积年均增量皆呈减少趋势,但差异不显著;随着径级组增加,单日产脂量、产脂力和矫正产脂力呈增大趋势,且差异皆显著;采脂林与未采脂林比较,生长量差异皆显著,说明采脂对生长有较大负向影响。综合分析采脂与木材收益,可知采脂林总体收益更高。本研究可为马尾松大径材林的定向培育提供技术支撑。     

CIMMYT 145份小麦种质资源的鉴定及杂交利用

为了拓宽和丰富小麦种质资源遗传多样性,提高小麦产量和品质,在大田对国外引进的145份小麦种质资源进行了农艺性状和品质性状的鉴定和评价。结果表明,这些材料基本属弱春性类型。在山西南部麦区,可推迟播期于10月下旬种植,作为育种材料利用。主要农艺性状的单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量变异系数分别为15.7%、16.03%、12.23%和23.96%,多数材料籽粒综合品质较好,尤其面筋品质好,筋力强。这些材料的农艺性状和品质性状具有丰富的遗传多样性。株高和千粒重与产量的相关系数最大,分别为0.5032和0.4178,达极显著水平,是提高产量的关键因素。综合3年试验结果,筛选出产量超过3750 kg/hm2有32份,鉴选出8个组合的相应强筋力品系和35个综合性状表现较优异品系,其突出优异性状表现植株穗大,小穗结实好,穗粒多,可作为小麦育种的重点种质材料利用。通过播期调节花期,利用CIMMYT材料合理杂交配组,已选育至F3代、BC2F1代和BC1F1代,有望育成优质大穗丰产抗旱创新材料及新品系。     

Shear resistant performance of RC columns subjected to vertical near-fault velocity pulse-like earthquake actions

The aim is to evaluate the seismic properties of ancient timber structure after strengthening and analyze the failure process and corresponding failure state. Based on the hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation principle of the dovetail column-frame strengthened with CFRP and Arches Brackets under the low reversed cyclic loading, the “potential of destruction-resisting” of the two energy-consuming components is obtained. The dissipated energy of each energy-consuming component under the various earthquake conditions is calculated combining with the shaking table test of ancient timber structure. The model of seismic damage evaluation of the two energy-consuming components is established on the basis of the “potential of destruction-resisting” and the dissipated energy. By means of the energy distribution coefficient, the relationship of the failure state between energy-consuming components and overall strengthened structure is discovered, and the model of seismic damage evaluation of the overall structure under the various earthquake conditions is presented. With the derived model of seismic damage evaluation, the failure coefficient of the energy-consuming components and the overall strengthened structure is quantitatively calculated. According to the failure state, the corresponding damage grade of overall strengthened structure is obtained. The results can provide a reliable theoretical basis for predicting the destruction before earthquake and re-reinforcement to the strengthened ancient timber structures after earthquake.     

Advance of Management Performance Evaluation in Petrochemical Engineering Construction Project

Toward the characteristics of petrochemical engineering construction project and the need of project management performance evaluation, this paper analyzed the status of project management performance evaluation study and the status of project management performance evaluation study in petrochemical engineering construction project. This paper suggested the direction of project management performance evaluation study in petrochemical engineering construction project, which is to establish the performance evaluation index system of petrochemical engineering construction project management and performance evaluation method, to establish process performance evaluation system of petrochemical engineering construction project management, to develop performance evaluation software of petrochemical engineering construction project management.     

Safety evaluation of hazards based on discrete Hopfield neural network

In order to evaluate hazard’s level efficiently and decrease disasters’ influence on the surrounding environment,a safety evaluation index system of hazards is set up first by considering influence factors of personnel,equipment,raw material,technology,and environment. Then,a hazards safety evaluation model is built by combining neural network with safety system engineering theory. Finally,case studies testify the model can evaluate the hazards’ level reasonably and objectively.