岷江干旱河谷几种乔木抗旱性研究

岷江上游干旱河谷地区是我国西部生态环境最恶劣的地区之一,也是我国最困难的造林地区之一。本试验以生理研究为基础,选择干旱河谷区造林地内具有相对较高成活率和保存率的针叶树种岷江柏(Cupressus chen-giana)、辐射松(Pinus radiata)和阔叶树种臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、榆树(Ulmus pumilaL.)、刺槐(Robinia pseu-doacacia),分别采用主成分分析法和综合评价法对影响其抗旱性的主要生理指标和试验树种的抗旱性进行了分析研究。结果表明:①影响该地区试验树种抗旱性的主要生理指标为:可溶性糖含量、SOD活性、游离脯氨酸含量、水分饱和亏缺度、叶片含水量和24h失水率;②5个试验树种的抗旱性表现为岷江柏最高,其次榆树>刺槐>臭椿,辐射松的抗旱性最差。     

Evaluating agroforestry interventions in extension projects

Because of the relative dearth of scientific information in agroforestry, monitoring and evaluation of agroforestry technologies in development projects plays an important role in the development and improvement of technical extension recommendations. To identify appropriate methodologies, ICRAF conducted in 1988–89 a review of agroforestry technology monitoring and evaluation in 166 projects worldwide, of which 108 responded. Almost 80% of these were involved in technology evaluation. Many extension projects were conducting research to test technologies on-farm or on research plots. Technology evaluation by projects focused on the biological of trees, often with inadequate consideration of the technology context. Few projects seemed to use farmer assessment in evaluation. Recommendations are made for an effective evaluation process and selection of appropriate methods and variables to be assessed by projects. Methods should be selected according to the availability of resources and should favour collaborative or collegial interaction between farmers and project staff.     

Economic evaluation of forest drainage and fertilization in northern Ontario peatlands with an investment decision model

Drainage and fertilization of an existing peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand and 24 possible methods of planting a clear-cut area near Cochrane, Ontario were evaluated by means of a recently developed forestry investment decision model, FIDME.Results indicate that, on the basis of the cost estimates used and assumptions made, drainage of the existing stand is the most economical treatment if it can reduce the rotation age by 30 years or more. Drainage combined with fertilization is the second best alternative if this treatment can reduce the rotation age by 40 years or more. Fertilization of the undrained site ranks a distant third, and then only if it reduces the rotation age by 10 years; otherwise, it will be uneconomical to apply.In the case of the clear-cut area, planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared but undrained site without weed control ranked first among the 24 alternatives considered; the same treatment, but with weed control included, ranked second. Planting containerized seedlings on a mechanically prepared but undrained site with weed control ranked third, followed by planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared and drained site with weed control. In contrast, planting containerized seedlings on an unprepared site and with no weed control ranked as the least cost-effective method considered.     

山区杨树人工林树干病害综合防治的研究

杨树干部病害是杨树人工林的主要病害之一。侵染性病原有污黑腐皮壳菌(Valsa sordida)和小穴壳菌(Dothiorella g(?)egaria)。本文指出了7个诱病因子,提出化学药物和营林技术防治这种病害的具体措施。     

鹅掌楸种源遗传变异和选择评价

在中国鹅掌楸全分布区内抽样15个种源，于长江中下游5省区按统一试验设计营造种源试验林，7年生时全面测定其树高（H）、胸径（DBH）、冠幅（RC）等主要生长性状，进行遗传6变异分析，结果表明：中国鹅掌楸生长性状在种源间存在显著的遗传差异，地点间差异极显著，种源对环境反映灵敏，种源与地点间存在明显的交互作用，H、DBH和材积（V）的广义遗传力分别为0.503、0.526、0.521，受较强的遗传控制；RC受遗传控制程度相对较低（H^2=0.301)。相继进行了遗传稳定性、生长适应性分析和幼成龄相关分析，分析结果为种源选择和评价提供了理论依据，多点综合选择选出黎平、伤痛永两个优良种源，遗传增益11.8%。单点选择分别选出1-3个丰产种源，遗传增益达15.4%-51.5%。     

岷江上游水源涵养林涵水能力综合评价

森林－土壤系统的水源涵养功能因其组成的差异而导致降水截留、蓄水、径流的变化。作者根据这一规律，以搜集、调查岷江上游水源涵养林的林冠截留量、地表枯落物蓄水量、苔藓层蓄水量、土壤孔隙蓄水量、土壤不透性能，土壤降水贮存量等进行分析，并赋与没森林植被系统中各组成成分以一定的得分，评价不森林－土壤系统的保水能力。评价结果表明四川西部天然林具有最强的保水能力，应进一步加强其保护工作，人为干扰严重的类型其保水能     

Comparing the model forms estimating generalised diameter-height relationships in Tecomella undulata plantations in hot arid region of India

Four generalised diameter-height equations were developed and compared for pure and even-aged stands of Tecomella undulata in hot arid region of Rajasthan State in India. The data used to fit the equations consisted of 1 540 diameter-height observations collected from the plots laid out in uniformly stocked stands of varying age and density. The performance of four equations was tested by non-linear least squares regression and evaluated using different statistical criteria. Finally, these equations, with the same values of coefficients ob- tained during the fitting phase, were validated by an independent data set consisting of 854 diameter-height observations. Overall, equation （4） （Hui and Gadow function） was found to perform best for both the fitting data set as well as validation data set.     

贵州省退耕还林工程社会经济效益阶段评价研究

通过对水城、黎平、望谟、关岭、麻江、黔西、龙里、习水、开阳、铜仁10个退耕还林工程综合效益监测重点县107个固定样地户主共91户退耕农户进行连续4年的跟踪调查，同时结合10个县面上统计数的分析及其典型县204户退耕农户的典型调查，对监测区退耕还林的经济、社会效益进行了评价：退耕还林工程区环境效益经济值明显提高，水土流失得到有效控制；工程区退耕农户收入增加，粮食总产量稳定；退耕还林促进了农村劳动力的转移。     

湖北宜昌公益林可持续经营能力的数量化评价

论述了宜昌公益林可持续经营数量化评价的指导思想和基本原则,并以公益林可持续经营的基本要素为依据,建立了综合评价指标变量集;通过主成分分析和层次分析,提取了累计贡献率大于81%的11个指标因子,确定了各指标因子的权重;从发展规模总量和结构协调度两方面对公益林可持续经营能力进行了评价,认为宜昌公益林的发展规模不断扩大,但其结构协调度DHT=0.722,协调能力较差,仍处于弱可持续发展阶段.     

交通冲突技术及其研究现状分析

阐述交通冲突的基本概念和技术方法．阐明交通冲突技术的优越性，分析国内外交通冲突技术的研究现状及存在问题，在理论和工程应用两方面，提出交通冲突技术进一步研究的一些看法或设想。