基于GIS的内蒙古东部地区玉米低温冷害精细化风险区划

通过分析内蒙古东部地区的热量条件、热量条件变异性及低温冷害发生频率,得出低温冷害综合风险指数,运用逐步回归建立其与地理信息的空间推算模型,基于GIS和1∶5万地理信息数据,对玉米低温冷害风险进行空间展布并分区,得出内蒙古东部地区玉米低温冷害精细化风险区划图。结果表明,低温冷害高风险区位于纬度和海拔较高的呼伦贝尔市北部和西部地区;通辽市中南部、赤峰市东南部和兴安盟南部等海拔较低、地势相对平坦的地区低温冷害风险最低;低温冷害风险程度基本呈西北-东南向带状分布,受海拔高度及地形、地势等因素的影响,低温冷害风险分布又具有错落的局地性特点。研究结果有利于规避玉米低温冷害风险,发掘可利用气候资源,优化种植结构和布局,保障区域粮食安全。     

微卫星DNA与延边黄牛肉用生长性状关系

选择与肉牛主要生产性状紧密连锁的 5个微卫星位点 ,以肉牛线性体型评分方法作为衡量肉牛生长发育的指标 ,运用最小二乘法拟合线性模型 ,分析了延边黄牛肉用生产性状与微卫星标记的关系 ,并分析了微卫星 ETH10和IDVGA4 6位点的不同基因型与肉用生产性状的关系。结果表明 ,微卫星 EHT10位点的等位基因 2 0 9对外貌线性评定中的背线性状、肌肉度线性评定中的肩部性状有正面影响 ,等位基因 2 13对外貌线性评定中的系部、肌肉度线性评定中的尻形状和细致度线性评定中的骨骼及皮肤性状有正面影响 ,而等位基因 2 15对外貌线性评定中的背线性状、肌肉度线性评定中的尻形状有负面影响 ;微卫星 IDVGA4 6位点的等位基因 2 4 9对背线、前肢和后肢等外貌线性评定性状 ,肌肉度线性评定的腰宽以及细致度线性评定的骨骼和皮肤性状有正面影响 ,等位基因 2 0 3对外貌评定性状的头部、背线 ,肌肉度评定性状腰宽以及细致度评定性状骨骼和皮肤有负面影响 ,等位基因 2 4 5对腰宽性状也起到负面影响     

专业课教学中学生创新能力的培养

创新教育是素质教育的一个重要组成部分。本文认为每个学生都具有潜在的创新才能,要把这种潜能转化为现实中的创新能力,应做好以下几点:加强专业课教师的创新意识、更新教育观念,以培养知识、能力、素质协调发展的创新型人才为目标、更新教学方法和手段,着重培养学生的思维能力和创新能力、改革学生评价制度、注重培养学生的"问题"意识、注重学生创新兴趣的培养。     

Model About Aggregation and Spreading Effect Brought by the Lightrail

Many cities are planning to build up the lightrail in order to solve their traffic jam.We try to find a function to describe the going-out cost and analyse the character of this function.The conclusion can be reached that lighrail can make aggregation and spreading effect on the economic activity in the district along the lightrail transit line because the change of cost brought by the lightrail traffic system lead to redistribution of the product region. Synthetically considering factors which can impact this aggregation and spreading, via applying the method of AHP, we set up an evaluation system which can be used to measure the economic effect brought by the lighrail.     

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis> IV: survey of trends in consumer preferences and changes in sensory evaluation

This study is part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) in accordance with consumer preference. Results are presented of a trend survey that examined the preferences of consumers using questionnaires combined with sensory evaluation. From the original preference (OP) survey, the distributions of OP divided by age class (AC) were statistically equal to the results obtained in 2000. The medians of OP for teenagers and twenties were “neutral” and “slightly like,” respectively. A firm preference change occurred between teenagers and those in their twenties. It is empirically realized that sensory intensity (SI) scores that were too high or too low led to a low hedonic preference (HP) score. The same tendency was seen for “neutralists” and “likers.” In addition, almost all distributions concerned with HP had no significant difference between 2000 and 2005; for example, that of SI divided by AC. These results showed that the preference for dried shiitake mushroom has been unaffected by the passage of the past 5 years. Dried shiitake mushrooms have been used from ancient times and for many dishes; therefore, the overall preference appears to have remained unchanged.     

中雄4号杨选育研究

从中国林业科学研究院林业研究所引入39个美洲黑杨×甜杨杂交无性系,在黑龙江西部高纬度高寒地区对各无性系苗期生长、越冬及抗病虫性等性状进行多年测试,选择繁殖能力强、苗期长势好、无严重病虫害、抗逆性强、能安全越冬的优良品系进行大量繁殖,建立品系评比林进行复选。经20 a时间,开展苗期品系评比、区域试验与示范,筛选出杨树新品种中雄4号杨(Populus deltoides×P.suaveolens)。该品种为雄株,具有树干通直圆满、速生、材质好、耐寒、抗旱、抗病虫和不飞絮等优良特性,适合作纸浆材等工业用材林、防护林及绿化树种。     

基于压力-状态-响应模型的天津市土地生态安全评价研究

从土地生态环境压力、土地生态环境状态和土地生态环境响应3个方面建立了基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型的天津市土地生态安全评价指标体系,综合评价了天津市2005年、2010年和2015年的土地生态安全情况。结果表明:天津市土地生态安全水平呈现出先恶化后改善的趋势。土地压力安全值处在全国平均水平以下,但压力安全值不断上升;天津市土地生态状态均处在全国的下游水平,且安全值呈不断下降趋势;天津市土地生态状态安全值较高,排在全国前列。天津市土地生态安全的主要问题在于人口增加、经济发展和污染造成的生态压力增大。提出了天津市未来应划定土地生态红线,加强土地资源管控立法,开展土地生态安全评价和预警工作,以降低人地矛盾,保障天津市土地资源的可持续发展。     

基于耕地资源信息系统的海口市琼山区耕地地力评价

为了解海口市耕地质量状况,并为该地区的耕地地力评价提供理论参考,以海口市琼山区为例,运用县域耕地资源管理信息系统,选取排涝能力、成土母质和耕层厚度等共12个指标构建耕地地力评价指标体系,采用模糊数学理论与层次分析法计算耕地地力综合指数,按照累积曲线法划分的耕地地力等级对该地区的耕地地力进行评价。结果表明:琼山区耕地中一级地1713.05hm~2,占耕地总面积的7.05%;二级地6500.50hm~2,占耕地总面积的26.78%;三级地10768.03hm~2,占耕地总面积的44.37%;四级地4418.12hm~2,占耕地总面积的18.20%;五级地870.43hm~2,占耕地总面积的3.59%。     

水匮乏指数在区域水安全评价中的应用

针对水安全问题,以农垦红兴隆分局为例,采用水匮乏指数和样本均值-标准差分级法对红兴隆分局下属12个农场2006年的水安全状况进行了评价和分级,并根据分级结果提出了相应的对策。结果表明,八五三和红旗岭农场的WPI值处于安全状态,水安全状况最为乐观;饶河农场的WPI值处于较高安全状态,水安全状况较好;友谊、五九七、八五二、二九一和江川农场的WPI值处于中等安全状态,水安全保障体系有待于进一步加强;北兴农场的WPI值处于较低安全状态,水安全状况较差;而双鸭山、曙光和宝山农场的WPI值处于不安全状态,水安全状况最差。     

Summarization on Evaluation of Ecological Value of Artificial Forest

INTRODUCTIONBecause of the interleaving, extensity of multi-factorsaffecting forest ecological benefit in space, and thecomplexity of bio-factors of forest,and in themeantime, because of lacking of consultation forthe transformation between physical and ecologicalquantum and monetary value, the evaluation ofecological benefit of forest is all along one of thedifficult problems in academic field. In recent years,some scholars have made much research andexploration in the theory and practice…