天山北坡低山草地复合体植物群落重要值差异分析

由于坡向、坡度、坡面与坡位的不同,导致水热及光照再分配,形成山地复合体,产生了不同的草地类型。本试验研究草原与荒漠草原复合体植物群落主要牧草重要值的差异,用SPSS软件包对其差异进行分析,分析影响山地复合体草地植物重要值的主导环境因子,结果表明,温度及光照是其主要影响因子。     

Use of macroalgae supplemented with probiotics in the Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) culture in Northern Chile

In this study, we evaluate the use of macroalgae as vectors of probiotics bacteria into the digestive tract of abalone to improve their survival and growth. It is shown that when abalone Haliotis rufescens of different sizes were fed with a natural diet composed of fronds of the macroalga Macrocystis integrifolia supplemented with a mixture of Vibrio sp. C21‐UMA, Agarivorans albus F1‐UMA and Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA bacteria, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the average monthly growth rate and survival (%)in a period of 210 days, compared with the control without a probiotic supplement. The permanence of the probiotics in the digestive tract of the animals was monitored, and it was found that the number of culturable C21‐UMA and F1‐UMA bacteria decreased significantly (P<0.05) in recently weaned and adult abalone, and they almost disappeared completely on day 19 of the bioassay. However, the culturable Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA disappeared completely from the digestive tract on day 22 of the bioassay, and these were the bacteria that remained at the highest concentration compared with the other two bacterial strains over the experimental period. It is therefore shown that it is feasible to use a probiotic mixture to improve the profitability of the H. rufescens culture.     

仿刺参肠道潜在益生菌对稚参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响

以稚参期仿刺参为研究对象,探讨了分离自仿刺参肠道的潜在益生菌在稚参养殖中的应用效果。采用16S rDNA序列分析法将3株潜在益生菌分别鉴定为Bacillus sp.(GSC-1)、Bacillus sp.(GSC-2)和Enterococcus sp.(GSC-3)。分别以10³、10⁵或10⁷ CFU/mL的GSC-1、GSC-2、GSC-3或灿烂弧菌浸浴稚参以检验潜在益生菌对稚参期仿刺参的安全性,7 d后各潜在益生菌浸浴组的稚参成活率均高于同浓度的灿烂弧菌处理组;GSC-1和GSC-3在实验浓度下对稚参成活率无显著影响(P>0.05),可作为稚参的潜在益生菌;而10⁷ CFU/mL GSC-2浸浴组稚参的成活率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),因此GSC-2不适合作为稚参的潜在益生菌。将潜在益生菌GSC-1和GSC-3以10⁹ CFU/g的比例与鼠尾藻粉混合后饲养稚参20 d,潜在益生菌处理组的稚参成活率、特定生长率和变色率均高于对照组,其中GSC-1处理组稚参的成活率和变色率显著提高(P<0.05),GSC-3处理组稚参的成活率和特定生长率显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,潜在益生菌GSC-1和GSC-3均有效增加了稚参的总菌数(P<0.05),GSC-1还有效降低了稚参的弧菌数(P<0.05);潜在益生菌GSC-1和GSC-3均可显著提高稚参体组织中的酚氧化酶和溶菌酶活力(P<0.05),GSC-1亦显著提高了其酸性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05);GSC-1和GSC-3处理组稚参的抗灿烂弧菌感染能力均高于对照组,其中GSC-3显著降低了灿烂弧菌攻毒后稚参的死亡率(P<0.05)。综上所述,潜在益生菌GSC-1和GSC-3对稚参期刺参安全无毒,能够促进稚参的健康生长并提高其抗病能力,因而GSC-1和GSC-3均可作为益生菌应用于稚参养殖中。     

固定化酵母发酵木瓜-西番莲复合果酒工艺的研究

[目的]研究固定化酵母发酵木瓜-西番莲复合果酒的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以木瓜和西番莲果为原料,研究了初始加糖量、pH、固定化酵母接种量、发酵温度对木瓜-西番莲复合果酒残糖、酒精度和感官品质的影响。[结果]影响木瓜西番莲复合果酒发酵残糖、酒精度和感官品质的主要因素为复合果汁初始加糖量,最佳发酵条件为混合果汁起始糖度28%、pH 4.5、酵母接种量0.015%、发酵温度25℃。[结论]在最佳工艺条件下可获得色泽淡黄自然、拥有着和谐的果香与酒香、入口清爽、酒精含量约13.8%的木瓜-西番莲复合果酒。     

微生态制剂对葡萄抗病能力及果实品质的影响

以云南、四川主栽的4个葡萄品种为试材,在常规用药方式基础上辅以微生态制剂,测定其对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病防控效果及对果实品质的影响,以期为有效防控葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的发生,解决生产实践中的具体问题提供科学参考依据。结果表明:微生态制剂能提高葡萄果粒大小和百粒质量,同时增加糖酸比。在传统用药基础上使用绿康威,对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防效最佳,分别达52.3%和42.4%;在传统用药基础上使用绿地康3号,其防效为31.3%和21.9%,均表现出良好的防效;前期使用化学药剂,后期单独使用微生态制剂对酸腐病的防效不太明显。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

蛹虫草与黄伞复合多糖抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究蛹虫草与黄伞复合多糖的抗氧化活性。[方法]采用超声提取法分别提取蛹虫草多糖和黄伞多糖,并将二者按不同比例复合后,在不同浓度下进行羟基自由基的清除试验。[结果]在一定的剂量配比下,蛹虫草多糖与黄伞多糖表现出很好的复合效果,清除羟基自由基的能力较单独多糖有明显的提升。其中复合比例为2∶1,浓度为16 mg/ml时清除率较蛹虫草多糖提高了79.82%,是黄伞多糖的3.6倍;通过方差分析得出,复合多糖与单独多糖之间存在显著差异(P0.05),既表现出了较好的协同作用又呈现出很好的量效关系。[结论]复合后的多糖的活性提高,表现出了较好的清除羟基自由基清除效果。     

Disturbance history affects lightning fire initiation in the mixedwood boreal forest: Observations and simulations

The emulation of natural disturbances such as fire is a prominent harvest management strategy for ecosystems in Canada's boreal forest region, but the effect of harvesting on subsequent lightning fire occurrence has not been studied systematically in the mixedwood boreal forest. We quantified the relationship between annual patterns of lightning fire initiation, forest composition, lightning, and fire weather conditions over eight years (1994–2001) in a 60,000 km² region of actively harvested mixedwood boreal forest in western Canada. Our analyses illustrated that forest harvesting and burning had opposite effects on subsequent fire initiation, so harvest was not a surrogate for fire. Fire initiation increased in landscapes with more area harvested and decreased with area recently burned. Our data suggested that increased fire initiation was most pronounced in harvested stands up to a decade old, and there was some evidence that the effect might last as long as 30 years. We then used a dynamic fire-succession simulation model to quantify the long-term effects of these fuel-based relationships using two metrics. As expected, the first metric demonstrated that the number of years between disturbances was significantly less in stands that were harvested and then burned, than those that were burned and then burned again. However, the more revealing component of the simulations was an illustration that despite the strong, positive relationship between harvested areas and fire initiation, the area affected over the long-term by a reduced disturbance interval was relatively small. Accordingly, our study shows that spatiotemporal regulation of lightning fire initiation through harvesting activity results in a systematic accelerated frequency of disturbance that is novel to the mixedwood boreal system, but the area affected by these events amount to local peculiarities rather than broad-scaled regularities.     

复方诺氟沙星防治仔猪黄白痢及腹泻的试验

复方诺氟沙星乳剂体外抑菌试验表明：该制剂对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性细菌均有杀灭作用，以沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌最为典型，其抑菌直径为（３４．１５±０．１９）和（３５．００±０．１９）ｍｍ。与其它抗菌药物作药敏试验比较，差异极显著。临床试验表明：该制剂对仔猪黄痢、白痢及仔猪腹泻的疗效确实，其防治的总有效率为９５．５％。     

不同激素处理富源本地黄牛与短本杂一代黄牛同期发情试验

为了比较不同品种的黄牛用不同激素处理后的同期发情效果,以筛选出适合本地不同牛群及环境的较优杂交方案.将137头健康空怀黄母牛(其中本地黄母牛72头,短本杂一代黄母牛65头)分为4个组,第1、2组为本地黄母牛,第3、4组为短本杂一代黄母牛,分别用2种不同的方法进行同期发情处理.第1、3组注射三合激素;第2、4组注射促排3号-氯前列烯醇-促排3号.结果表明,第1组、第2组、第3组、第4组经不同的激素处理后,发情率分别为59.38%、87.5%、58.62%、86.11%,第2组的发情率显著高于第1组(P＜0.05),第4组的发情率显著高于第3组(P＜0.05),而第1组和第3组、第2组和第4组的发情率差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果提示发情率的高低与品种的相关性不大,促排3号-氯前列烯醇-促排3号可能是较适合富源黄母牛的同期发情方案.