Genetic associations between somatic cell score and pathogen‐specific subclinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows

The aim of this study was to estimate heritabilities of and genetic correlations between pathogen‐specific subclinical mastitis (SCM) traits and lactation mean somatic cell score (LSCS) in Norwegian Red cattle. Based on data from 130 733 first‐lactation cows four binary pathogen‐specific SCM traits, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and coagulase‐negative staphylococci SCM, were analysed together with unspecific SCM and LSCS using a multivariate sire model with threshold models for binary traits and a linear model for LSCS. Posterior means (SD) of heritabilities were 0.17 (0.01) for LSCS, 0.11 (0.01) for liability to unspecific SCM and ranged from 0.04 (Staph. aureus) to 0.14 (Strep. dysgalactiae) for liability to pathogen‐specific SCM. Genetic correlations were positive and moderate to high, ranging from 0.37 to 0.98. All genetic correlations except the one between LSCS and unspecific SCM were lower than 1, indicating that SCM caused by different pathogens can be considered as partly different traits.     

Grapes＿meso数值模式预报对石河子定量降水检验研究

为了了解Grapes_meso数值模式预报对石河子垦区的预报能力,提高预报降水的准确率,利用TS评分对2017年11月至2018年9月的Grapes_meso数值模式降水资料进行了24h的时效检验分析。结果表明:晴雨检验的结果与石河子垦区降水气候概率基本一致,即表现为降水少的地方晴雨准确率较高,降水多的地方晴雨准确率低的空间分布特征。一般性降水检验存在较强的季节性,表现为春秋季降水准确率高于夏冬季。分级检验中小雨的准确率明显高于其他量级。此外,Grapes_meso数值模式对暴量雨雪的预报能力较差。     

安神香囊改善肠易激综合征患者睡眠质量的临床观察

目的 观察安神香囊对肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome,IBS）患者睡眠质量的影响。方法 将符合标准的160例患者按照1∶1的比例随机分为对照组和观察组,各80例,两组患者均予中医辨证治疗,观察组在此基础上加用安神香囊,疗程均为4周;观察两组患者主要症状（腹痛腹胀、大便频率、大便性状）积分、中医证侯积分、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）评分及不良反应。结果 观察组脱落2例,对照组脱落5例;观察组腹痛腹胀、大便频率、大便性状的改善率分别为85.9%、89.7%、83.3%,对照组为72.0%、82.7%、78.7%,两组腹痛腹胀的改善率比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组中医治疗总有效率为91.0%,对照组为77.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者PSQI评分均降低（P<0.05）,且观察组低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 安神香囊能有效降低IBS患者PSQI评分,改善患者睡眠质量,对缓解IBS的主要症状也有辅助作用,并且能提高中医治疗IBS的疗效,未见明显不良反应。     

加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响

目的 观察加速康复外科护理对老年股骨颈骨折患者术后恢复及认知功能的影响。方法 选取本院接受股骨颈骨折手术的老年患者60例,随机分为加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）组和对照组,每组30例。ERAS组采用加速康复外科护理措施,对照组采用传统围手术期护理措施,比较两组住院时间、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症发生情况以及术前1天和术后第7天的简明精神状态量表评分。结果 与对照组比较,ERAS组术后住院时间缩短,术后疼痛评分降低,切口感染、肺部感染、恶心呕吐等并发症发生率降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;ERAS组术后髋关节功能Harris得分评级优于对照组（P=0.021）;ERAS组POCD发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.046）。结论 加速康复外科护理可安全应用于老年患者股骨颈骨折术围手术期管理,可以促进术后恢复、缩短住院天数、减少并发症的发生,降低POCD发生率,值得临床推广。     

Markers for Predicting Overweight or Obesity of Broodmares

Obesity has become of great concern to all equine community from both veterinary and welfare points of view. For estimating obesity markers of brood mares, 17 mares with body conditions were subjected to blood sampling and ultrasound examination to measure rump fat for 6 consecutive weeks. Body length (L), girth (G), and height (H) were measured to estimate body weight (BW), body fat %, body fat mass (BFM) and body mass index (BMI). Mares were classified into three groups according to body condition score (BCS) and rump fat thickness (RF). Overweight mares (O) had BCS >7 and RF >7 mm, moderate (M) had BCS and RF >3 to ≤7, and emaciated (E) had BCS and RF ≤ 3 mm. Glucose, triglycerides, nitric oxide (NO), insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), leptin, ovarian hormones, and thyroid hormones were measured. Results revealed that BCS, G, L, L × G × H, BW, RF, fat %, and BFM correlated significantly (P < .0001) with body condition. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations of E mares were significantly high (P = .04), but triiodothyronine concentrations tended (P = .07) to be low. Insulin (P = .06) and IGF-1 (P = .07) concentrations tended to be high in O mares. Moderate mares had the highest leptin concentrations (P = .007), but E mares had the lowest P4 concentrations (P = .01). Overweight mares had nonsignificantly high glucose, NO, and triglycerides. In conclusion, back fat and morphometric measurements are the easiest and simple assessment of overweight and obesity. Obese and overweight mares showed slight hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. Hyperleptinemia alone is not indicative of obesity.     

Relationships Between Measurements of Body Fat in Thoroughbred Horses

Equine obesity is increasing in prevalence, and weight loss diets are frequently recommended for these horses. However, there are also management situations in which horses are deemed to be too thin. To monitor the efficacy of weight change programs, estimates of body fat are often made. There are several systems available to estimate body fat, and there are benefits and challenges to using each method. The objective of this study was to compare four different methods of estimating body fat in Thoroughbred horses. In 14 mature Thoroughbred horses, relationships among body condition score (BCS), morphometric measurements, ultrasonic measures of subcutaneous fat depots, and estimation of total body fat (BF_D) via measurement of total body water through deuterium oxide dilution were evaluated. Body condition scores ranged from 4.5 to 6.5 on a 9-point scale. Body condition score, heart girth-to-body weight ratio, and BF_D were all positively correlated with each other (P < .05). Subcutaneous fat depth at the tailhead tended to be positively related to BF_D when only horses with BCS ≥ 5 were included (P = .0680). These data suggest that BCS remains a simple means of monitoring adiposity in mature horses in moderate condition. Tailhead fat depots may become useful for monitoring changes in body fat in Thoroughbreds with a BCS above 5, although more work with animals of higher adiposity is required and at different times of year.     

31份枇杷种质资源果实的蛋白质营养评价

利用化学评分(CS)、氨基酸评分(AAS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)等4种非生物学评价法对31份枇杷种质资源的果实蛋白质营养价值进行评价。结果表明:含硫氨基酸(甲硫氨酸和胱氨酸)为第一限制氨基酸;不同的评价方法结果有所差异,CS的范围为8.36~21.46;AAS的范围为9.87~23.1;EAAI的范围为42.83~65.68;SRC的范围为54.90~63.20,31份种质的SRC均在50以上,有16份超过60;枇杷果实蛋白质具有较高的营养价值,红肉种质的CS、AAS、SRC显著高于白肉种质,而两者的EAAI差异不显著;野生种质的EAAI极显著高于栽培种质,CS、AAS、SRC差异不显著,不同来源地的种质之间CS、AAS、EAAI、SRC差异均不显著;类平均法欧氏距离通过聚类分析将31份种质分为3类。     

Body condition scoring (BCS) in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and comparison to pre-existing body condition index (BCI) for snakes

In the veterinary profession, the body condition score (BCS) plays an important role in the assessment of patients. It is a subjective, tactile method of evaluating body fat and muscle mass and is used in numerous species. Recognizing obesity (or the contrary, emaciation) is important for veterinarians treating reptiles and could be facilitated by a BCS. An existing form of body condition assessment already used is the body condition index (BCI), where the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length are calculated. Therefore, the goal of this study was to provide practitioners with a BCS system for corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) and to test it against the BCI. A total of 22 corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus), stationed at the “Auffangstation für Reptilien” in Munich (reptile rescue centre, RRC), were subject of this study. Each had the following measurements taken: body weight (BW), snout–tail tip length (STL), snout–vent length (SVL) and circumference in the middle (C). Manual palpation of spine, area between vertebral spinous and transverse process, ribs and neck of each snake was performed by three veterinarians and assigned to specific scores by each examiner. A BCS (mean of examiners’ scores) was given to each snake according to manual palpation. The BCS system was chosen to be out of 5 in 0.5-point steps with 2.5 considered as ideal BCS. In the studied snakes, the BCS ranged from 1.5 to 3.5, with a median of 2.5. The median BW was 309 g (75–967 g), the median STL was 123 cm (79–153 cm), the median SVL was 104 cm (73–133 cm) and the median C was 7.5 cm (4.3–11 cm). BCS and BCI were positively correlated. A BCS includes a manual palpation of the animal and thus gives the examiner additional information to the objectively measured/calculated index.     

Effects of Diet and Weight Gain on Body Condition Scoring in Thoroughbred Geldings

In the horse, the body condition score (BCS) system to assess subcutaneous fat deposition is a useful tool for making feeding management decisions. The system includes assessing fat deposition at six body areas (neck, withers, shoulders, ribs, loin, and tail head) and was developed in Quarter Horse mares. It has not been tested for use on other breeds or genders, possibly compromising the system's ability to describe fat accretion in other classes of horse. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of the previously developed fat accretion characteristics to describe fat deposition in mature Thoroughbred (TB) geldings. An additional goal was to determine whether fewer body areas could be used. Fifteen mature TB geldings were fed for weight gain over an 8-month period on one of two diets and were independently assessed for BCS on a monthly basis by two judges. BCS was determined by averaging the scores that were assigned to each of the six body areas. Fat accretion characteristics were also recorded. Across both diets, the neck area scored significantly higher than the withers and loin (P < 0.05) throughout the study. A BCS derived only from the body areas of neck, shoulders, ribs, and tailhead was found to accurately predict the six body area−derived mean BCS. The results of this study provide justification for modifications of the BCS system for use in TB geldings and also demonstrated that fewer body areas can be used to accurately predict mean BCS.     

Record keeping,genetic selection,educational experience and farm management effects on average milk yield per cow,milk fat percentage,bacterial score and bulk tank somatic cell count of dairy farms in the Central region of Thailand

A study was conducted to estimate the record keeping, genetic selection, educational, and farm management effects on average milk yield per cow (AYC), milk fat percentage, bacterial score, and bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) of dairy farms in the central region of Thailand. Farms were located in the provinces of Saraburi and Nakhon Ratchisima and were members of the Muaklek dairy cooperative. Records from individual animals were unavailable. Thus, farm records of milk yield, milk fat percentage, bacterial score, and BTCCC were collected from July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2006. Additional record keeping, genetic selection, education, and farm management information was collected through a questionnaire in May of 2006. Data from the Muaklek dairy cooperative and the questionnaire were then merged by a farm identification number. A single trait mixed model was used to analyze AYC, milk fat percentage, and BTSCC, while a log linear model was used to analyze bacterial score. Results showed that farms that kept records on individual animals had higher (P < 0.05) milk fat percentages and lower bacterial scores than farms that did not. Farms that used genetic information (EBV) and phenotypes when selecting sires were higher (P < 0.05) for milk fat percentage than farms that used only phenotypes and personal opinion. Farms milking cows with a single unit milking machine and by hand, had higher (P < 0.05) bacterial scores and BTSCC than farms using only a single or multi unit machine. Overall farms that kept individual animal records, used EBV when selecting sires, used a single method for collecting milk, and used family labor achieved higher performance from their herds than farms that did not.