玉米玫瑰复合型酸奶的制备工艺研究

以不同配比的玉米浆和玫瑰汁制作玉米玫瑰复合型酸奶,根据感官评价,通过单因素和正交试验设计,研制出既营养又美味的复合型酸奶,其最佳工艺条件为:含糖量8％,发酵时间7h,玉米浆与牛奶的比值1:2.5.每100 mL玉米与牛奶混液中添加6 mL玫瑰汁.该条件下做出的成品色泽好看、组织细腻、口感和滋味俱佳.     

复合型沙棘酒的研制

复合果酒是利用酵母菌将沙棘果汁中可发酵性的糖类进行酒精发酵作用,再在陈酿澄清过程中经酯化、氧化及沉淀等作用,而获得沙棘酒,然后经过与草莓浸提液勾调、陈酿等工艺,制成酒液清晰、色泽鲜美、醇和芳香的产品。文章从沙棘酒发酵生产工艺、草莓浸提工艺等方面入手,详细总结了复合型沙棘酒的工艺技术。     

复合食品包装材料的安全性研究

介绍了复合食品包装材料中的几种主要有毒有害物质,包括添加剂、油墨、黏合剂等,并从标准制定、市场监管、科研投入、企业和消费者的责任等方面提出了加强复合食品包装材料安全性的对策,为复合食品包装材料的质量安全控制提供参考。     

天麻复合压块栽培方法研究

[目的]考察天麻复合压块栽培下的优势,为天麻的栽培提供一种新的有效的方法。[方法]通过与仿野生木棒伴栽法比较分析,考察复合压块栽培法的优势。[结果]复合压块栽培法天麻增殖率较木棒伴栽法高,且成本比伴栽法低;2006～2008年复合压块栽培法分别比木棒伴栽法增产5%、6%和9%。[结论]复合压块栽培法优于仿野生木棒伴栽法。     

牛白蛋白包裹复合磁性微球的制备及性能表征

[目的]研究制备的牛白蛋白包裹复合磁性微球的性能。[方法]在反相（W/O）微乳液体系中制备出Fe3O4/PAM（聚丙烯酰胺）磁性微球;然后在蛋白质的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中,以戊二醛为交联剂,加入Fe3O4/PAM微球,使蛋白质特异性吸附在微球上。采用电子衍射、透射电镜、差热、热重等方法对复合微球的粒径、结构等性质进行了表征与分析;并考察了温度、溶液离子强度对微球吸附蛋白量的影响。[结果]微球粒径20 nm左右,且粒径均匀、细小,微球具有较大吸附量;反应温度在37℃时,微球对蛋白的吸附达到最大值,离子强度越小越有利于微球对蛋白的吸附。[结论]该研究可为进一步制备高磁响应性、高吸附量的靶向药物奠定基础。     

中国商品市场的合成指数分析

利用增长循环对我国商品市场进行景气分析,通过选取1999～2006年间与商品市场密切相关的重要经济指标,如工业增加值、进口总额、原材料购进价格指数和商品零售价格指数等,用美国商务部编制的方法将其合成为商品市场经济景气指数,以此作为观测不同类型商品市场波动的综合尺度,最后结合实际经济形势进行了合成指数分析,并提出了相关的政策建议.     

Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition in Grains of Wheat-Related Species

The protein content and amino acid composition for 17 wheat-related species （WRS） and three common wheats （control） were determined and analyzed, and the essential amino acids （EAAs） in WRS were evaluated according to FAO/WHO amino acid recommendations. The results showed that the mean protein content for WRS was 16.67%, which was 23.21% higher than that for the control. The mean contents （g 100 g^-1 protein） of most amino acids for WRS were lysine 2.74%, threonine 2.83%, phenylalanine 4.17%, isoleucine 3.42%, valine 3.90%, histidine 2.81%, glutamic acid 29.96%, proline 9.12%, glycine 3.59%, alanine 3.37%, and cysteine 1.57%, which were higher than those for the control. The contents of the other 6 amino acids for WRS were lower than those for the control. The materials （Triticum monococcum L., Triticum carthlicum Nevski, and Triticum turgidum L.） contained relatively high concentration of the most deficient EAAs （lysine, threonine, and methionine）. Comparing with FAO/WHO amino acid recommendations, the amino acid scores （AAS） of lysine （49.8%）, threonine （70.7%）, and sulfur-containing amino acids （74.8%） were the lowest, which were considered as the main limiting amino acids in WRS. It was observed that the materials with Triticum urartu Turn. （AA） and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. （SS） genomes had relatively high contents of protein and EAA. The contents of protein （16.91%）, phenylalanine （4.78%）, isoleucine （3.53%）, leucine （6.16%）, and valine （4.09%） for the diploid materials were higher than those for the other materials. These results will provide some information for selecting parents in breeding about nutrient quality and utilization of fine gene in wheat.     

Starch granule size distribution of hard red winter and hard red spring wheat: Its effects on mixing and breadmaking quality

Starch was isolated from 98 hard red winter (HRW) wheat and 99 hard red spring (HRS) wheats. Granule size/volume distributions of the isolated starches were analyzed using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. There were significant differences in the size distribution between HRW and HRS wheats. The B-granules (<10 μm in diameter) occupied volumes in the range 28.5–49.1% (mean, 39.9%) for HRW wheat, while HRS wheat B-granules occupied volumes in the range 37.1–56.2% (mean, 47.3%). The mean granule sizes of the distribution peaks less than 10 μm in diameter also showed a significant difference (HRW, 4.32 vs. HRS, 4.49 μm), but the mean sizes of the distribution peaks larger than 10 μm were not significantly different (21.54 vs. 21.47 μm). Numerous wheat and flour quality traits also showed significant correlation to starch granule size distributions. Most notably, protein content was inversely correlated with parameters of B-granules. Crumb grain score appeared to be affected by starch granule size distribution, showing significant inverse correlations with B-granules. Furthermore, the linear correlations were improved when the ratio of B-granules to protein content was used, and the polynomial relation was applied. There also appeared to be an optimum range of B-granules for different protein content flour to produce bread with better crumb grain.     

Incorporation of soy proteins into the wheat–gluten matrix during dough mixing

Farinograph methodology was used to evaluate the possible incorporation of soy proteins into a glutenin–soy complex during mixing and to study the contribution of soy proteins to the chemical and physical properties of the dough. To facilitate the interaction of soy and wheat proteins, a redox process was used, which allowed the partial reduction (using dithiothreitol, DTT) and subsequent reoxidation (using potassium iodate) of glutenin without changing its functionality in the dough (a composite of equal parts of wheat and soy flours, 300 g in total). Either raw soy flour (RSF) or physically modified soy flour (PMSF) was used as the soy component. Dough samples were taken at peak mixing time and at break time during mixing, and these were freeze dried for SE-HPLC analysis and capillary electrophoresis (Lab-on-a-chip).     

The removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite/cellulose composite

Hydroxyapatite has an excellent ion-exchangeability and is expected to be used as an agent for the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater. However, the pure hydroxyapatite is very difficult to use because it exists in the form of white powder. Thus, the pure hydroxyapatite was mixed with cellulose to utilize its ion-exchangeability. In this research, a method for dispersion of hydroxyapatite in cellulose matrix is described and its dispersion is observed with scanning electron microscopy. The removal ratios of some heavy metal ions with hydroxyapatite composite are examined with regard to reaction time and amount of hydroxyapatite composite. The ion-exchangeability of hydroxyapatite composite did not seem to be interfered by cellulose matrix during removing heavy metal ions.