Low quality of evidence for glucosamine‐based nutraceuticals in equine joint disease: Review of in vivo studies

Nutraceuticals are increasingly applied to the management of equine arthritis and joint disease, particularly those based upon glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate. While the first report of using glucosamine in horses appeared more than 25 years ago, it was not until 1992 that isolated studies began to be reported. Since that time, 15 in vivo papers have been published in the equine literature, usually on products already commercially available and often seeking evidence for efficacy. These studies demonstrate an encouraging trend to manufacturers of these products investing in research, but most do not meet a quality standard that provides sufficient confidence in the results reported. This review discusses the entirety of published in vivo research on glucosamine‐based nutraceuticals (GBN) for horses, including that on Cosequin, Cortaflex, Synequin, Sasha's EQ, Myristol, chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate and glucosamine hydrochloride; and considers experimental limitations of this research along with their impact on interpretation of results. A quality score was calculated for each paper according to preset quality criteria. A minimum quality standard of 60% was set as the threshold for confidence in interpretation of results. Of the 15 papers reviewed, only 3 met the minimum quality standard. Experimental limitations of each research paper are discussed. It is concluded that the quality of studies in this area is generally low, prohibiting meaningful interpretation of the reported results. New high quality research on GBN for horses is needed and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

铜川地区耕地土壤质量的初步评价

以陕西省煤炭基地的铜川市为研究对象,采集70个耕地样品,分析土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷等理化性质,并采用相关和主成分分析法对供试土壤的质量进行初步评价.结果表明,铜川市土壤有机质含量、碱解氮、速效磷含量均维持在较低水平,尚不能满足农业生产的需要,需采取合适措施进行培肥；钾含量稳中有升；土壤中的硫素不缺乏；主成分分析构建...     

语音识别技术在试卷统分登分中的应用

 语音识别技术应用于试卷的统分和登分,在提高工作效率的同时保障了统分登分的准确性,并为全面的试卷分析提供了数据支持。介绍了基于语音识别技术的试卷统分登分系统的设计与实现,对一些关键技术和问题进行探讨。     

复合添加剂在优质松香酯生产中的应用研究

采用添加复合添加剂的方法改进松香酯的工业生产。测试结果表明，该产品的色泽比国家标准为浅，在耐热和抗氧化性等方面也有所提高，产品的综合性能达到国际同类产品的水平。     

几种保鲜药剂组合对月季切花保鲜效果的影响

在浓度0.01% 葡萄糖下,6种杀菌剂与3种生长调节剂的相互配合使用,对月季切花进行了瓶插处理。采用定性与定量相结合的办法,通过比较各种组合下综合分与瓶插寿命的大小,设计出两种优良的保鲜剂型,并对切花保鲜的各指标进行了分析。     

六棱大麦抗赤霉病QTL的定位(英文)

赤霉病是最严重的大麦病害之一。由于赤霉病抗性是受多基因控制的数量性状(QTL),并且一些表型性状也影响大麦赤霉病的抗病,如棱数、株高和抽穗期等,所以抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育十分困难。为了明确加拿大六棱大麦中赤霉病抗性以及相关性状的QTLs,本研究在4年中对93个家系的DH作图群体中赤霉病抗性、呕吐毒素(DON)含量、株高、抽穗期和成熟期等相关性状进行调查,并利用分子标记(444个DArT和26个SSR标记)构建的连锁图谱对QTL开展复合区间作图。结果表明,本研究共检测到4个影响赤霉病的QTLs,其中,2个主要的QTLs定位在3H和7H染色体上,它们的加性效应为-3.44和-3.69,分别解释14.1%和17.5%的表型差异,总共解释31.6%的赤霉病抗性差异;另外2个QTLs定位于7H染色体上,但二者同时也与DON含量显著相关。此外,在3H、5H和7H染色体上确定了5个影响株高的QTLs,在2H、4H、5H和7H上确定了4个影响抽穗期的QTLs。同时发现2个赤霉病抗性QTLs和1个DON累积QTL与控制株高的QTLs聚集重叠,1个赤霉病抗性QTL和抽穗期QTLs重叠。这些与赤霉病抗性、株高及抽穗期等农艺性状紧密连锁的分子标记可进一步用于有效提高抗赤霉病大麦品种的选育效率。     

玉米花丝冰淇淋的工艺优化

将玉米花丝适当处理后用于玉米花丝冰淇淋的生产.以产品的感官评分、膨胀率、抗融性为考察指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验确定玉米花丝冰淇淋的最佳配方.结果表明:当玉米花丝粉、单甘酯、CMC-Na的添加量分别为2.0％、0.2％、0.2％,玉米花丝粉粒度为100目时,生产的冰淇淋具有理想的膨胀率及适当的抗融性,产品组织状态均匀、口感柔滑细腻、风味优良.     

Detection of QTLs for salt tolerance in Asian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by association analysis with SNP markers

Two hundred ninety-six Asian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions were assessed to detect QTLs underlying salt tolerance by association analysis using a 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker system. The experiment was laid out at the seedling stage in a hydroponic solution under control and 250 mM NaCl solution with three replications of four plants each. Salt tolerance was assessed by leaf injury score (LIS) and salt tolerance indices (STIs) of the number of leaves (NL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW). LIS was scored from 1 to 5 according to the severity of necrosis and chlorosis observed on leaves. There was a wide variation in salt tolerance among Asian barley accessions. LIS and STI (SDW) were the most suitable traits for screening salt tolerance. Association was estimated between markers and traits to detect QTLs for LIS and STI (SDW). Seven significant QTLs were located on chromosomes 1H (2 QTLs), 2H (2 QTLs), 3H (1 QTL), 4H (1 QTL) and 5H (1 QTL). Five QTLs were associated with LIS and 2 QTLs with STI (SDW). Two QTLs associated with LIS were newly identified on chromosomes 3H and 4H.     

基于层次分析法的园林景观评价 —以华南植物园龙洞琪林为例

为了探讨影响园林风景质量的重要景观因素、园林风景景观质量与各景观评价因素之间的关系和景观效果的优化方法,在对华南植物园的龙洞琪林景区进行全面实地调查的基础上,采用层次分析法对其景观进行综合评价。结果表明:在确定的3个准则层因素中最重要的为美感因素,其权重为0.408; 重要的指标层因素为景观的保存与延续和感官效果等,其权重分别为0.200和0.197; 重要的分指标层因素为空气质量和植物群落的独特性等,其权重分别为0.073和0.071。龙洞琪林景区的综合评价等级为“良”,说明龙洞琪林景区的景观效果良好。     

农户参与灌溉管理层次对作物生产的影响研究——以江苏、河南两省为例

运用倾向得分匹配法分析江苏和河南1 076户农户参与灌溉管理行为层次对灌溉系统和作物生产的影响。结果表明:(1)操作规则、集体选择规则和宪政规则,3个规则层面的农户参与行为都对灌溉系统产生积极影响,随着农户参与规则层次的提高,灌溉系统绩效的改善更加显著,表现为灌溉及时性更高、灌溉设施维护情况更好,但灌溉服务质量提高只在宪政规则层面显著。(2)3个规则层面的农户参与行为都促进了作物生产,随着农户参与层次逐级提高,作物生产绩效明显提升,表现在种植面积更大和作物产量更高。因此,增加农户多层次参与有利于促进灌溉管理改革的深入、持续进行。