高原型牦母牛生产周期中体况评分变化监测

对240头牦母牛进行为期一年的体况评分监测,发现牦母牛体况变化与草地饲草的供给状况相一致,牦母牛体况变化基本规律为暖季表现为快速上膘,冷季呈现逐步消耗。体况评分最低的时期为5~6月份,最高在10月和11月份。体况消长变化呈现两年一周期的模式。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

竹丝炭化时间对风力发电机叶片阻燃性能的影响

风力发电站常常安装在偏远的海岛、高山或沙漠地区,叶片在使用过程中常受到高温、闪电、野火等等不利因素的影响而烧损,因此,风电叶片材料阻燃性能的选择就显得十分重要.采用HRR3热释放率系统、HC-2氧指数测定仪等仪器,测定并分析经由不同炭化时间处理的竹丝制造的竹增强复合材料的阻燃性能.结果表明:竹丝经10 min炭化处理制造的竹增强复合材料,试件在HRR3热释放率系统测试实验中产生的热释放量峰值最低(99.44 kw/m2),且在5 min内总热释放量最低(339.15 kW·min/m2),氧指数值最高(52),其阻燃性能较好.     

竹青板作为风电叶片复合材料增强相的性能评价

针对目前玻璃钢叶片存在的问题,采用分级竹青板作为风电叶片复合材料的增强相,并利用INSTRON 5582 Grading能力学试验机进行检测.结果表明:由一二级竹青板制成的分级竹青层积材复合材料,其物理力学性能均达到或超过目前国外风电叶片在用的常规木材/环氧层积材的特性,完全能够替代目前大量使用的玻璃钢叶片材料.     

Effects of intramuscular and intranasal administration of midazolam–dexmedetomidine on sedation and some cardiopulmonary variables in New Zealand White rabbits

ObjectiveTo compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intranasal (IN) and intramuscular (IM) administration of dexmedetomidine and midazolam combination in New Zealand White rabbits.Study designA randomized, crossover experimental study.AnimalsA total of eight healthy New Zealand White rabbits, aged 6–12 months, weighing 3.1 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsThe animals were randomly assigned to administration of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg kg^–1) with midazolam (2 mg kg^–1) by either IN or IM route separated by 2 weeks. The electrocardiogram, pulse rate (PR), peripheral haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO₂), mean noninvasive arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory frequency (f_R) and rectal temperature were measured before drug administration (baseline), T₀ (onset of sedation) and at 5 minute intervals until recovery. The onset of sedation, duration of sedation and sedation score (SS) were also recorded.ResultsThe PR was significantly lower in treatment IM than in treatment IN over time (p = 0.027). MAP < 60 mmHg developed in two and four rabbits in treatments IN and IM, respectively. SpO₂ progressively decreased over time in both treatments. f_R was lower than baseline at several time points in both treatments. Onset of sedation was shorter in treatment IN (90 ± 21 seconds) than in treatment IM (300 ± 68 seconds) (p = 0.036). Duration of sedation was longer in treatment IM (55.2 ± 8.7 minutes) than in treatment IN (39.6 ± 2.1 minutes) (p = 0.047). No significant difference in SS was observed between treatments (p > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCombination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (2 mg kg^–1) decreased f_R, PR and SpO₂ regardless of the administration route in New Zealand White rabbits. A more rapid action and shorter duration of sedation were observed after treatment IN than after treatment IM administration.     

玻璃纤维和亚麻屑增强三倍体毛白杨木质(刨花)复合材料的研究

以三倍体毛白杨木质刨花为主要原料，短切玻璃纤维丝和亚麻屑混合为增强材料，胶粘剂采用ＢＮ—１号ＰＦ 树脂，并以复合材料的复合原理、产品用途及工业化生产可行性为原则，设计具有混杂表层的增强三倍体毛白杨木质 复合材料，同时对复合工艺进行了系统研究。结果表明：这种复合材料结构设计合理，采用适当工艺条件制备的具有 混杂表层的三倍体毛白杨木质复合材料其产品的ＭＯＲ、ＭＯＥ得以大大提高，产品性能达到或超过欧共体定向结构 板（ＰｒＥＮ３００－９４ＯＳＢ／４）标准的要求，可作为集装箱底板的替代材料。     

强化杉木复合混凝土模板的研制

以竹材和杉木为材料,试制了杉木复合混凝土模板,并对影响板材的主要因子进行了分析。结果表明,这种模板的力学性能优于木质混凝土模板而施工性能优于竹胶合板模板。     

竹片覆面胶合板的初步研究

本文研究了以竹片为外层材料、多层杨木单板为芯层材料的复合胶合板的结构和力学性能，分析了板坯结构形式、纵向纵片厚度、单板层数及板坯压缩率与产品机械强度之间的关系。初步研究结果表明，板坯结构形式对产品的静载荷抗弯曲性能影响显著；在试验范围内，纵向竹片厚度为３．５－５．０ｍｍ、板坯压缩率在２３％左右时，竹片覆盖面杨木胶合板的综合力学性能比较理想。     

Effect of board density on bending properties and dimensional stabilities of MDF-reinforced corrugated particleboard

We investigated the bending properties of composite boards produced by reinforcing both sides of corrugated particleboard with medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Thickness swelling and linear expansion (LE) were measured to assess the dimensional stabilities of the composite board. Although the apparent density of the composite board was 0.48g/cm³, its strength was found to be equivalent to that of 18-type particleboard as described in JIS A 5908. The boards parallel/perpendicular anisotropy in strength was 0.9. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of the composite board increased with board density only up to a certain density, beyond which the MOR was constant. On the other hand, the thickness swelling of both corrugated particleboard and the composite board was smaller than that of flat-type particleboard, satisfying the JIS A 5908 standard of 12%. Linear expansion (soaking in water of ordinary temperature for 24h) of corrugated particleboard was 0.7%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 2.1%–3.1% in the perpendicular direction; hence, anisotropy in linear expansion existed in the corrugated particleboard. The linear expansion of the composite board was 0.6%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 1.8%–2.5% in the perpendicular direction. Although the LE of the composite board was lower than that of corrugated particleboard, it is necessary to improve the LE of composite board for practical use.