菊科植物成花诱导及开花的研究进展

成花诱导和开花是显花植物发育中最为关键的阶段,对影响菊科植物成花诱导和开花的许多相关因素．如外植体的选择、光照和温度．以及6-BA、NAA、乙烯等植物生长调节物质等的研究进展作了重点评述。     

日光温室砖混结构墙体内冬春季温度状况

通过对日光温室砖混结构墙体温度变化状况进行观测分析,结果表明:墙体温度受到温室内和温室外气温的影响,墙体不同深度间存在明显的差异。内侧墙体受直射光及室内气温的影响,温度变幅较大,尤其是距温室内侧墙体表面5 cm、10 cm、15 cm处的温度,在1月份寒冷季节日变幅分别达到20℃、15℃、10℃左右,是吸贮热或放热的主要部位;墙体外侧也受外界气温的影响,但影响范围局限在距外表面15 cm之内,且变幅较小。在墙体内部还存在着一个热稳定层,位置在距墙体内侧表面30~35 cm处。墙体温度的变化也受到季节变化的影响,在低温寒冷时期与外界的温差大,相反春夏之际温差会缩小,反映出冬季墙体对于温室的重要作用。     

脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果观察

目的 观察脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果。方法 随机选取本院2016年1月至2017年10月收治的脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹患者200例,随机数字表法分为3组,66例予以自血疗法治疗者为A组,66例予以梅花针治疗者为B组,68例予以梅花针联合自血疗法治疗者为C组,对比分析3组治疗前后荨麻疹活动评分、免疫功能与复发情况。结果 治疗后,C组荨麻疹活动度评分较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,C组辅助性T细胞（CD4⁺）、细胞毒性T细胞（CD8⁺）及CD4⁺/CD8⁺值优于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;C组复发率较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗可有效降低荨麻疹活动度评分,改善免疫功能,并且减少复发率,值得推广。     

主成分综合得分法应用于水质评价的不可靠性

针对在主成分分析基础上,以主成分的贡献率作为权重,对各主成分得分进行加权求和计算"综合得分"的方法进行了数学理论求证和实际数据分析,证实了该方法应用于水质评价时具有不可靠性,并明确提出了导致其不可靠性产生的3个缺陷:以贡献率作为权重忽视了主成分对评价目标的实际影响;相关系数矩阵的特征单位向量可以改变方向,导致"综合得分"表达式不唯一;标准化处理可以导致数据失真。     

Correlation between intercepted radiation and yield of potato crops infested by Phytophthora infestans in central Africa

It became apparent from chemical late blight control data on large numbers of genotypes of the Rwandese late blight screening programme, that yields were linearly related to the amount of intercepted radiation by the crop. Measures which affected the total amount of intercepted radiation such as the use of contact and systematic fungicides, or of different genotypes, did not affect the radiation use efficiency of the canopy. Genotypes that started to tuberize at relatively low values of intercepted radiation partly escaped the effect of late blight infection of the foliage on tuber yields. This characteristic could be useful to identify early late blightresistant genotypes for central Africa, where farmers grow two crops per year and earliness is required.Samenvating De chemische bestrijding van de aardappelziekte in grote aantallen genotypen van het Rwandese veredelingsprogramma voor aardappelziekteresistentie heeft aangetoond dat opbrengsten zich lineair verhouden tot de hoeveelheid door het gewas opgevangen zonnestraling. Maatregelen die van invloed waren op de totale hoeveelheid opgevangen straling, zoals het gebruik van contact- of systemische schimmelbestrijdingsmiddelen, of van verschillende genotypen, waren niet van invloed op het rendement van het gebruik van zonnestraling door het blad. Genotypen die een knolaanleg vertoonden bij verhoudingsgewijze lage waarden van opgevangen straling, ontsnapten gedeeltelijk aan het effect van bladaantasting op knolopbrengst. Dit kenmerk zou van nut kunnen zijn om vroege genotypen te zoeken met resistentie tegen de aardappelziekte in centraal Afrika, waar vroegheid van belang is omdat boeren twee gewassen per jaar telen.     

Comparison of heat tolerance of feedlot heifers of different breeds

Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake and feed efficiency; in extreme cases, it can cause death. These losses amount to millions of dollars each year. A study was designed to determine severity of heat stress among four breeds of cattle. Throughout two summers, 256 feedlot heifers of four different breeds were observed. Respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures were taken twice each day on 10 animals/breed for several weeks during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Twenty-four-hour behavior measurements were recorded for four heat-stress and four thermoneutral days. Results showed during the afternoon, Angus cattle (black) had the highest respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures, followed by the MARC III (dark red), Gelbvieh (tan), and Charolais (white). Behavior data showed that heat stress increased drinking and standing behavior, and decreased eating, lying, and agonistic behaviors, and that dark-hided cattle adjusted their behavior more than light-hided cattle. Overall, it was found that breed of cattle with dark-hides were more affected by temperature changes and at peak temperatures than breeds of cattle with light-hides.     

Excitability scores of goats administered ascorbic acid and transported during hot-dry conditions

In this study, we investigated the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) administration on goat excitability due to transportation. Ten goats administered AA (p.o.) at 100 mg/kg of body weight before transportation served as the experimental group, and seven goats administered only 10ml/kg of sterile water (p.o.) served as controls. Excitability scores were recorded for each goat; when weighed, before, immediately after, and 3 h after 8 h of transportation. A score of one to four was allocated to each goat; higher scores represent greater excitability. Immediately after transportation, excitability scores decreased significantly, especially those of control goats (p < 0.001). At 3 h post-transportation, the excitability scores of animals in the experimental group were not significantly (p>0.05) different from their pre-transportation normal values, whereas those of control goats were significantly lower (p < 0.01). The correlation i.e. the relationship between excitability score values and percent excitability (percentage of goat with particular excitability score) for different excitability score group 3 h post-transportation was positive and highly significant (p < 0.001), in both experimental and control goats. Our results indicate that road transportation induces considerable stress (depression) in goats as evidenced by a lower excitability score post-transportation. Moreover, the administration of AA pre-transportation facilitated the transition from a state of depression to excitation. In conclusion, AA administration to animals prior to transportation may ameliorate the depression often encountered after road transportation.     

牛TLR4基因的遗传多态性与乳房炎的关联分析

TLR4通过识别病原体而激活免疫细胞，在先天免疫和适应性免疫防御中起着重要作用。以中国荷斯坦奶牛、三河牛和中国西门塔尔牛共397头为研究对象，利用创造酶切位点PCR法扩增243bp的目的片段，通过限制性内切酶HinfⅠ酶切来检测TLR4第3外显子的多态性，结果发现扩增产物的27bp处C到T的突变使得多态位点产生，编码的氨基酸由苏氨酸变为异亮氨酸。A、B2个等位基因在3个群体中均有分布，A等位基因占优势（大于78％），经χ^2适合性检验，三河牛在该位点未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05）。运用SAS8．2软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型，将该基因座不同基因型与奶牛乳房炎进行了关联分析，结果表明：AA基因型为乳房炎抗性基因型（P〈0．05），A等位基因为乳房炎抗性的有利基因。     

复合镀铁技术与工程车辆发动机气缸的修复

通过介绍复合镀铁技术的特点,以工程车辆发动机气缸的实际工况为基础,进行快速模拟磨损对比试验,研究复合镀铁材料的磨损规律,并绘制了负荷-速度-磨损量三维曲面图。本文对复合镀铁材料的耐磨性进行较全面的评价,初步探讨了复合镀铁用于强化工程车辆发动机气缸的可行性。